• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

In this paper, We investigated the characteristic analysis of flexibility and muscle strength for exercise to verify capacity in rehabilitation exercise of lumbar using lumbar strengthen exercise instrument. We have experiment in 20th years man and woman who are 20 subject with no medical history, we divided subjects into control group with no exercise and training group with lumbar strengthen exercise. We used Hi-Spine(Medicalscience.korea) also, provided exercise 40 minute a day, three days a week and progressed total four weeks. Moreover in our experiment, subjects exercised four postural position as lay down, sit, stand and stretch each ten minute. We measured trunk extension backward, trunk flexion forward, evaluation of based physical fitness and lumbar joint torque. The reults have shown that there more improved all for flexibility, based physical fitness and lumbar joint torque in training group than control group. We indicated that by rotating 3-D axis movement flatform of exercise instrument, muscle spindle in subject have been stimulated and these rotation direction and angle caused muscle tonus and contraction that makes muscle, flexibility and based physical fitness improve more. Our study can be used rehabilitation exercise program to aged people and patient with lumbar injury.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1817-1821
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• 2010

본 연구에서의 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 이용한 사방댐 입지선정모델 개발은 산사태 발생 예측을 위한 사면안정성 평가 기준을 개발하여 사방댐 지점을 선정하기 위하여 체계적으로 표준화된 시스템을 구축하는 것이 목표이며, 2002년 태풍 '루사'와 2003년 태풍 '매미'에 의하여 토석류와 산사태가 발생한 서부경남 지역의 38개 지점에 대하여 항공사진 수집 및 현장조사를 수행하고, 산사태 발생에 관계되는 강우, 지형, 지질 및 토양, 임상 등을 인자로서 규정하였다. 연구결과 서부경남지역에서 발생한 산사태는 지리산, 가야산, 좌굴산 등 EL. 500m 이상의 비교적 고도가 높은 산악지역에서 지형성 집중호우에 의하여 발생하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 강우량과 산사태의 상관분석결과 시강우량 70mm 이상 및 누가강우량 230mm 이상에서 산사태의 발생빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산사태 발생지점에서의 고도(평균해수면 기준)와 능선의 고도와의 비를 백분율로 계산하여 빈도를 살펴보면 산사태 발생지점이 능선의 90% 이상의 고도에서 산사태의 발생빈도가 53%로 가장 높고, 80-90%는 21%, 70-80% 16%의 순으로 산사태 발생빈도가 감소하고 있으며, 고도가 더욱 낮아져 산사태 발생지점이 60% 이하로 내려가면 산사태 발생빈도는 급격히 감소한다. 예를 들어 능선의 고도가 1000m일 경우 900m 이상의 고도(90% 이상)에서 산사태 발생빈도가 가장 높고 600m 이하의 고도(70% 이하)에서는 발생빈도가 급격히 저하하는 것으로 나타났다. 산사태 발생지점의 표면 굴곡도에 따른 산사태의 발생빈도는 대부분의 평행사면에서 74%, 약간 오목사면에서 26%가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 각 지구의 지질 및 토양별 산사태 발생빈도는 화성암계열의 지질 및 자갈/암괴 섞인 토사의 토양에서 발생하는 것으로 분석되었고, $34-40^{\circ}$ 사면경사에서 40%, $26-34^{\circ}$ 사면경사에서 26%, $26^{\circ}$ 이하의 사면경사에서 22%가 주로 발생하였으며, $40^{\circ}$ 이상의 높은 사면경사에서는 극히 미미하였다. 또한 임상 기준으로는 침엽수림에서 주로 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이상의 결과를 기초로 매우 안정, 안정, 부분적 안정, 불안정, 매우 불안정, 위험 지역으로 구분하고, 평가한 결과는 불안정 33개소, 매우 불안정 5개소 등 38개소 지점 모두에 사방댐 설치가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The main aim of this study is to provide an overview of the characteristics the Oungak (五雲閣) area on the north of rear garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace which was constructed during the time of king Kojong. This study also consider the aspect of functional elements of Ocryucheon (玉流川) located in Changdeokgung Palace and how the Oungak area was used as a substitute for the Ocryucheon. The Oungak area is the private space of the king. It was built in a natural setting which used existing environment including spring water and the rock carved with inscriptions 'Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji (天下第一福地). King Kojong tried to replace Ocryucheon with Oungak area which had played a important role of relaxation and leisure for royal family at the Ocryucheon to reconstructed Gyeongbokgung Palace. Despite being away from each other, Oungak area seems quite similar to Ocryucheon area. Oungak area and Ocryucheon have a common conditions of a location and structure of the building. Both constructed on the northernmost part of rear garden, composition of buildings and the design of waterway estimated to function as Curve-Stream Banquet. Oungak area was consisted of Ocryeonjeong (玉蓮亭) Pavilion, Oungak Building, Byeokhwasil (碧華室) Building and Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon (天下第一福地泉) Spring and Streams. Except Byeokhwasil Building, spatial compositions of Oungak area showed pattern that were similar to Ocryucheon area. The area was developed, moreover, to unconventional space that depended on the conditions of topography, slope, water system. First, The Ocryeonjeong Pavilion constructed to view the landscape of Seoul to Namsan Mountain. Second, the peculiar form of Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon Streams is estimated the shape imitated from Curve-Stream Banquet on Ocryuchon. Third, Oungak Building was constructed like a habitable house with Nongsanjeong Building in Ocryucheon. The Oungak area was constructed to improve Gyeongbokgung Palace, Consequently, the Oungak area specially characteristic of Joseon palaces's rear garden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.959-967
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• 2008

The body measurement ratios and indices used in this study are all 3D female measurement data of the two countries were obtained from Size Korea Project and SizeUSA Project. The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze body measurement data between two countries. The results of this research are helpful for the clothing manufacturer and company to trade with America. The samples were 1,988 Korean and 6,306 American females. Thirty-five body measurement ratios and indices were chosen as the principal measurements in making garments. The conclusion of this research was as follow; First, U.S. females have measurements that exceed Korean women, except for crotch length total and shoulder slope. Second, the correlation coefficients of height and weight are relatively higher than other measurements in the two countries' body measurements. Finally, American women's height ratios are significantly bigger than Korean women's in most height ratios. On the other hand, Korean are significantly bigger than American in weight ratios. The drop values of Korean females are also smaller than those of American. It was recognized that American women are much bigger, wider and more obese than Korean according to the results by utilizing the girth ratios. BMI, Rohrer and Vervaeck index.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.6
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• pp.453-460
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a method to extract the text lines in poorly structured documents. The text lines may have different orientations, considerably curved shapes, and there are possibly a few wide inter-word gaps in a text line. Those text lines can be found in posters, blocks of addresses, artistic documents. Our method based on the traditional perceptual grouping but we develop novel solutions to overcome the problems of insufficient seed points and vaned orientations un a single line. In this paper, we assume that text lines contained tone connected components, in which each connected components is a set of black pixels within a letter, or some touched letters. In our scheme, the connected components closer than an iteratively incremented threshold will make together a chain. Elongate chains are identified as the seed chains of lines. Then the seed chains are extended to the left and the right regarding the local orientations. The local orientations will be reevaluated at each side of the chains when it is extended. By this process, all text lines are finally constructed. The proposed method is good for extraction of the considerably curved text lines from logos and slogans in our experiment; 98% and 94% for the straight-line extraction and the curved-line extraction, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2013

최근 의료 영상 센서는 급속도로 발전을 이룩하여 미세 병변의 위치와 그 크기를 진단하는 데에 많은 이용이 되고 있다. 하지만 기존 flat panel형태의 의료영상 센서는 인체의 굴곡으로 인한 영상 왜곡으로 발전의 한계에 이르고 있는 실정이다. 이 영상 왜곡으로 인한 오진은 환자에게 불필요한 피폭, 수술적 요법, 약물치료 등 환자에게 치명적인 의료사고를 일으킬 수 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 flexible substrate을 이용한 투명전극들이 의료영상 센서로서의 적용을 연구 되어 졌다. IZO, ITO, FTO 등의 투명전극들 중 Indium Tin Oxide(ITO)는 다른 전극에 비해 높은 투명도와 낮은 저항으로 인하여 다양한 부분에서 널리 이용 되고 있다. 그러나 ITO를 flexible substrate로 적용 시 불충분한 resistivity와 기계적 강도를 지니고 있으며, 유연성을 위해 전극 재료의 두께를 감소시키면 전도성의 문제를 일으키는 단점이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보완 및 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 sputtering magnetron system를 이용하여 polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate 위에 ITO을 증착함으로써 전기적 특성을 알아보았다. PET 필름의 크기를 55 절단하였고 증착 온도는 고온에서 수축하는 PET 필름의 물성을 고려하여 $23^{\circ}C$로 설정 하였다. 가스의 분압 비를 Ar는 50ccm으로 고정하고 O2의 비율을 각각 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1ccm으로 나눈 후, 비율에 따라 각각 30, 60, 90sec간 sputtering 증착을 하였다. 또한 각각 30, 60, 90sec간 sputtering 증착하여 O2 유량과 sputtering 증착 시간의 변화에 따른 ITO의 전도특성과 유연성에 대한 전도특성을 측정하였다. 유연성을 측정하기 위해선 bending 각도를 각각 $0^{\circ}$ $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$로 구부린 후, Two-point probe를 이용하여 변화된 저항을 통해 ITO의 전기적 성질의 변화를 측정 하였다. 측정결과 flexible ITO substrate의 전도특성은 sputtering 증착시간이 증가할수록 저항 값이 낮아지는 것을 확인하였지만, O2 유량이 증가 시 저항이 낮아지다가 다시 증가하는 결과를 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 Ar:O2의 50:0.8의 조건에서 90sec동안 sputtering 증착한 ITO가 131 ${\Omega}/cm^2$의 저항 값이 측정 되었고 다른 조건에서는 164 ${\Omega}/cm^2$에서 4.7 $k{\Omega}/cm^2$까지 저항변화를 가져 Ar:O2의 50:0.8의 조건이 최적화에 좋은 조건이라 판단하였다. 또한 50:0.8의 조건의 ITO의 경우 bending test시에서도 131 ${\Omega}/cm^2$에서 316 ${\Omega}/cm^2$ 정도의 안정적인 저항변화를 가지는 반면 다른 조건에서는 128 ${\Omega}/cm^2$에서 6.63 $k{\Omega}/cm^2$까지의 변화를 나타나 기계적 형상변화에도 분압비가 영향을 주는 것을 확인 할 수 가 있었다. bending 각도에 따른 저항의 변화를 측정하였을 시, 각도 변화에 따라 중심부의 저항 값이 $60^{\circ}$에서 가장 높은 변화가 나타나 전기저항이 높아진 원인을 찾기 위해 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)촬영을 한 결과 저항값이 높아짐에 따라 ITO의 압축응력이 작용하는 부근에 Crack이 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 flexible ITO substrate의 Crack발생률을 최소화 시키고 bending시 전도성을 유지하기 위해서는 가스의 유량 최적화가 flexible substrate의 기계적형상변화에 대한 ITO의 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있는 해답이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

Contact area and pressure are important factors which directly influence a life of knee implants. Since implant's mechanical functions should be experimentally evaluated for clinical use, many studies using a knee simulator and a pressure sensor system have been conducted. However it has not been reported that the contact pressure's distribution of a knee implant motion was estimated in real-time during a gate cycle. Therefore. the objective of this study was to analyze the contact pressure distribution for the motion of a joint using the knee simulator and I-scan sensor system. For this purpose, we developed a force-controlled dynamic knee simulator to evaluate the mechanical performance of artificial knee joint. This simulator includes a function of a soft tissue and has a 4-degree-of-freedom to represent an axial compressive load and a flexion angle. As axial compressive force and a flexion angle of the femoral component can be controlled by PC program. The pressure is also measured from I-scan system and simulator to visualize the pressure distribution on the joint contact surfaces under loading condition during walking cycle. The compressive loading curve was the major cause for the contact pressure distribution and its center move in a cycle as to a flexion angie. In conclusion, this system can be used to evaluate to the geometric interaction of femoral and tibial design due to a measured mechanical function such as a contact pressure, contact area and a motion of a loading center.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of anatomic reduction of bony mallet finger using modified-intrafocal pinning technique. Methods: From March 2014 to October 2017, 18 patients with bony mallet finger were treated with modified-intrafocal pinning technique. Kirschner-wire was used to directly reduction the bony fragment, and extension block pinning and distal interphalangeal joint fixation were additionally performed to minimize the loss of reduction. Postoperative pain, range of motion, and radiological evaluation were performed. Duration of bone healing, functional recovery and complication rate were evaluated and Crawford's criteria was used to determine functional outcome after surgery. Results: Bone union was achieved in all cases after a postoperative mean of 6 weeks (5-7 weeks). An average of $2.8^{\circ}$ ($0^{\circ}-10^{\circ}$) extension loss occurred in all patients. All patients showed satisfactory joint congruency and reformation of the joint surface, the mean flexion angle of the distal interphalangeal joint at the final follow-up was $72.2^{\circ}$ ($70^{\circ}-75^{\circ}$). According to Crawford's classification, 12 patients (66.7%) were excellent and 6 patients (33.3%) were good. Conclusion: Modified-intrafocal pinning technique is a method of obtaining anatomical bone healing by directly reduction and fixation of the bony fragment. Combined with other conventional percutaneous pinning procedures, it is expected that good results can be obtained if applied to appropriate indications.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2019

In this study, we applied terahertz imaging technology to three Korean modern oil paintings ('Boy,' 'Girl,' and 'Hyehwadong Landscape'); investigated the types of inner layer information in the pictures that can be extracted with terahertz imaging technology; and analyzed the conditions for extracting them. The biggest problem in the terahertz imaging analysis we encountered was the image distortion caused by the change of the distance between the target surface and the terahertz detector, depending on the surface curvature of the target paintings. We then developed a 'working distance maintaining device' to solve this problem. As a result, the terahertz imaging technique was used to identify the base material characteristics and any patterns of damage inside, and presented the optimal conditions for identifying each characteristic. In addition, it was useful to employ the terahertz frequency-division image to check the characteristics of the background materials. To confirm coloring techniques such as brush strokes, it is effective to compare the maximum reflection peak image with the cross-section image; and to detect damage information inside the paintings that cannot be observed on the surface, to compare the cross-section image with the frequency-division image. On the other hand, according to the terahertz imaging analysis of the oil paintings, the internal structural damage marks of 'Boy' and 'Girl' were confirmed, and the artist's painting style was confirmed in 'Hyehwadong Landscape.' The above results are expected to be useful for the analysis and diagnosis of Korean modern oil paintings for their preservation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Background: In order to find out the effect of therapy methods through Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique on pain, sacral angle of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc targeting patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc due to L5-S1. Method: This study was to present the directivity of the therapy method for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc by comparing and analyzing the spinal decompression therapy and provide an effective treatment method to patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc by identifying the therapeutic effect of Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique. The research period is March 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 and subjects are the patients diagnosed as lumbar herniated intervertebral disc due to L5-S1 by their doctor through clinical findings and medical equipment such as X-ray, CT, MRI etc. Among patients who visited and hospitalized in S Orthopaedics located in Daegu and 30 female patients with sacral angle of more than $30^{\circ}$ were randomly classified into 15 people and we carried out treatment three times a week for 8 weeks for 15 people in the experimental group applying Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique and 15 people in the control group applying spinal decompression therapy to compare and analyze the changes in pain, sacral angle of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. Result: According to the results of this study, changes in the Visual Analogue Scale showed statistically significant differences in both the experimental group and control group(p<.05), while there was statistically significant difference in the comparison between groups before and after measurement of experimental group (p<.05). In the comparison within two groups of sacral angle, both groups showed statistically significant difference(p<.05) but there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of scores between groups before and after measurement of each group(p>.05). Discussion: All those results the above proved that we need to confirm various benefits of the therapy with the flexion-distraction technique and drop technique, and the findings of the concerned study will possibly become useful information when doctors actually work on a therapy to treat patients with the lumbar herniated intervertebral disc.