• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 1985

The present study was performed to observe the ultrastructure of the integument of adult Paragonimus westermani. Dogs experimentally infected with 60 metacercariae of F. westermani were autopsied 4 months after the infection. Adult p. westermani were extracted from the dogs and the fine structure was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscope. The findings are as follows: 1. Scanning electron microscopic findings showed that the spines and the papillae are distributed at whole body surface but the well developed spines or papaillae are shown around the oral sucker and ventral sucker. 2. At the end of the body, excretory pore was found, the shape was irregular. 3. Transmission electron microscopic findings showed that plasma membrane, tegument, basal lamina, connective tissue, circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer. nerve axon and tegumental cell were observed. 4. In higher magnification, plasma membrance and bar-shaped granules were found at the outer surface of the tegument.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.456-465
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• 2015

Dual-bell nozzle can overcome the performance losses of the conventional bell-shaped nozzles which induced by off-design operations with either over-expanded or under-expanded exhaust flow and minimize the losses of the specific impulse. In United States, Rocketdyne analyzed thrust characteristics according to the shape of the expansion nozzle and NASA conducted hot firing tests with various altitudes. DLR, which is one of the research institute of the Europe, is carrying out research for the different cases of inflection angle, nozzle length and expansion ratio. MAI of Russia applied the slot nozzle to the expansion region in order to reduce the performance losses. In Asia, both the Japan and the India are researching on the dual-bell nozzle and Mitsubishi cooperation of the Japan registered its patent. In this paper, concepts and performance of dual-bell nozzle, which can compensate altitude, are investigated and trends of current research are summarized. It is necessary for Korea to research on the dual-bell nozzle for lucrative space development.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2008

Snapping triceps syndrome is a rare condition in which a distal portion of triceps and ulnar nerve dislocate over the medial epicondyle as the elbow is flexed or extended from flexed position. Because it is frequently misdiagnosed as other elbow pathologies, accurate diagnosis is essential and imaging study is often needed to confirm the abnormal movement of ulnar nerve and triceps. Ultraonography is a convenient and effective method which is able to allow continual visualization of soft tissue movement compared to the other imaging modality including MRI. We reported one patient of snapping triceps syndrome who was diagnosed with the use of dynamic ultrasonography and treated with ulna nerve anterior transposition and repositioning of medial head of triceps. And we also provide the usefulness of musculoskeletal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of snapping triceps syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2008

Compression neuropathy around elbow and wrist are one of the common disturbing problems in the upper extremity. The understanding of normal nerve architectures and pathophysiologic changes in compression neuropathy is important to interpret the ultrasonographic images correctly. Compression neuropathies have characteristic ultrasonographic imaging features of flattened nerve at compression and hypoechoic swollen nerve with loss of fascicular patterns at proximal segments. Dynamic ultrasonographic imagings on motion can show dymanic subluxation of ulnar nerve and medial head of triceps muscle over the medial epicondyle in snapping triceps syndrome. Dynamic compression of median nerve also can be visualized in pronator teres syndrome by dynamic imaging studies. A quantitative measures of cross sectional area or compression ratio can be helpful to diagnose compression neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or cubital tunnel syndrome. With the clinical features and electeophysiologic studies, the untrasonographic imagings are useful tool for evaluation of the compression neuropathies in the upper extremities.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2010

전자 패키징은 미세화, 경량화, 저가화를 지향하고 신뢰성의 향상을 위해 발전해 왔다. 이러한 경향은 전자부품 자체의 성능 향상 뿐 아니라 전자부품을 장착, 고정할 수 있게 하는 인쇄회로 기판(PCB : Printed Circuit Board)의 성능에 많은 관심을 가지게 되었다. 전기적 신호의 손실을 줄이기 위해 전기, 전자 산업체에서는 가볍고 굴곡성이 우수한 연성인쇄회로기판(FPCB : Flexible PCB)과 가격이 싸고 신뢰성이 입증된 경성인쇄회로기판(RPCB : Rigid PCB)이 그 대상이다. 본 논문에서는 이 PCB중에서도 RPCB와 FPCB간의 열압착 방식으로 접합 시 전극간의 접합 양상을 보았다. 이 열압착 방식은 기존에 PCB를 접합하는데 사용하고 있는 connector를 이용한 체결법을 대체하는 기술로써 솔더를 중간층(interlayer)로 이용하여 열과 압력으로 접합하는 방식이다. 이 방식을 connector를 사용하는 방식에 비해 그 부피가 작고 I/O개수에 크게 영향 받지 않으며 자동화 공정이 쉬운 장점을 가지고 있다. 접합의 대상 중 RPCB의 경우는 무전해 니켈 금도금(ENIG : Electroless Nickle Immersion Gold)로 제작하였으며 FPCB의 경우는 ENIG와 유기보호피막(OSP : Organic solderability preservation) 처리하였다. 실험에 사용한 PCB는 $300\;{\mu}m$ pitch의 미세피치이며 솔더의 조성은 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (in wt%)과 Sn-3.0Ag (in wt%)를 사용하였다. 접합 온도와 접합 시간 그리고 접합 압력에 따라 최적의 접합 조건을 도출하였다. 접합 강도는 $90^{\circ}$ Peel Test를 통해서 측정하였으며 접합면 및 파괴면은 SEM과 EDS를 통하여 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

A 34-year-old man with ACL total rupture due to slip down injury, had received ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstrings tendon with cross-pin femoral fixation. Postoperative course was as usual. But postoperative 3 months later, he complained posterolateral knee pain, recurrent effusion and mild instability. He was managed repeatitive aspiration and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs but was failed to relieve symptoms & signs. In CT scans, perforation of posteromedial femoral cortex of lateral femoral condyle was found. In second look arthroscopy, two pieces of broken femoral cross pin were found in between tibiofemoral Joint which was badly injured cartilage. We considered malposition of pins was the main cause of failure. We propose that femoral tunnel must be made more acute angle and femoral cross-pin guide must be positioned more external rotation 10-20 degree than transepicondylar axis made confirm the cross-pin tunnel position in order to avoid posterior cortex perforation and early failure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.387-393
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• 2014

In this research, we aimed to investigate the most optimum pulse wave sensor to ear label of live stocks among pulse wave piezo film sensor, conductive textile sensor, photo sensor. As a result of this research with application to 10 cattle, 10 pigs objects with pulse wave piezo film sensor, conductive textile sensor, photo sensor, photo sensor shows less standard deviation to average value than piezo film sensor or conductive textile sensor which means it is the most stable for the cattle. With pigs, piezo film sensor, conductive textile sensor and photo sensor all show stable pulse rate. Thus, to take pulse rate of livestock with curved body and long and dense coat such as cow, photo sensor will be considered as the most efficient mean.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Nerve compression is caused by external force or internal pathology, which symptom develops along nerve distribution. There are median, ulnar and radial nerve compression neuropathies below elbow. Carpal tunnel syndrome at the flexor retinaculum is most common among all the entrapment neuropathies. Other causes of median nerve neuropathy include Struther's ligament, biceps aponeurosis, pronator teres, FDS aponeurosis and aberrant muscles, which induce pronator syndrome or anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Ulnar nerve can be compressed at the elbow by arcade of Struther, medial epicondylar groove, FCU two heads, which develops cubital tunnel syndrome, at the wrist by ganglion, fracture of hamate hook and vascular problem, which develops Guyon's canal syndrome. Radial tunnel syndrome is caused by supinator muscle, which compresses its deep branch. Treatment is conservative at initial stage like NSAID, night splint or steroid injection. If symptom persists, operative treatment should be considered after electrodiagnostic or imaging studies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2004

A 73-year-old man who had undergone a right pneumonectomy and open window thoracostomy due to tuberculous empyema, presented with purulent discharge from the previous operation site. The computed tomography of the chest showed diffuse pleural thickening and a low attenuated lesion, with air bubbles in a dependent portion of the right hemithorax. These air bubbles were revealed to be due to 7 pieces of retained surgical gauze by flexible bronchoscopy. The patient showed marked clinical improvement with diminished purulent discharge after removal of the foreign bodies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

As film products are increasingly used in a wide range of areas, from producing traditional flexible packaging to high-tech electronic products, a higher level of quality is demanded. Most film products are made in the form of rolled finished goods, therefore, various quality issues related to their shape characteristics must be addressed. The thickness of the film products is one of the most common and important critical-to-quality attributes (CTQs). Particularly, the degree of thickness uniformity is more important than other thickness parameters, because it will be potential causes of many secondary thickness-related quality problems, such as wrinkles or faulty windings. To control the degree of thickness uniformity, the fixed bending region is oneof the most important CTQs to manage. Fixed bending regions are special points in the transverse direction of a rolled product with consistent minute variations of the thickness gap. This paper describes the measurement and analysis of thickness uniformity data, which were performed in a real manufacturing field of biaxial oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film. In previous researches, quality function deployment (QFD) or fault tree analysis were used to find the most critical process attributes out to controlthe CTQ of thickness uniformity. Whereas, this paper uses traditional control charts to find the most critical process attributes out in this problem. In addition, the selection of one of the major critical process attributes (CTPs) that is expected to affect the CTQ of thickness uniformity is also described. The selected critical-to-process attributes are the controlled temperatures along the transverse direction. A dramatic improvement in thickness uniformity was observed when the selected CTPs were controlled.