• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.691-701
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary quality of school-aged children from low-income families in comparison with those from higher income families. The socio-demographic and anthropometric data and one day 24-hour recall dietary intake data of 1,782 school-aged children were used for analysis from the data of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The children whose family had monthly household income 120% or lower than the 2001 Minimum Cost of Living were classified into Low Income Group (LIG), and the others were classified into Higher Income Group (HIG). The consumption levels of the food groups of the Korean Food Guide as well as the general nutritional status based on their weight and height, energy and nutrient intake were compared between LIG and HIG in elementary (n = 989), middle (n = 432), and high (n = 361) school-aged children, respectively. LIG tended to have lower weight, height, and BMI than HIG, but the difference was significant only in the weight and the BMI of the middle school-aged children. The energy intake of LIG didn't differ from that of HIG, but LIG consumed a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrate and a lower percentage of energy from fat than HIG. Some micronutrient intake was lower in LIG than HIG in case of the elementary and the middle school-aged children. The average numbers of servings of milk dairy products and fruits consumed by LIG were significantly lower than those consumed by HIG in the elementary and the middle school-aged children, and they were less than the respective recommended serving. The average number of servings of meat fish egg beans consumed by LIG was lower than that consumed by HIG in the middle and the high school-aged children, and it was also less than the recommended serving. The results suggested that the diet of children from low-income families should be intervened by strategies different from the other children in order to improve the consumption level of milk dairy products, fruits, and meat fish egg beans.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.293-305
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess and identify gender differences in factors associated with prevalence, awareness, and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Data for 3,071 men and 3,635 women ($age{\qeq}50$) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011 were included. Osteoporosis was defined by World Health Organization T-score criteria. Impact factors and odds ratios were analysed by gender using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Osteoporosis prevalence rates were 7.0% in men and 40.1% in women. Osteopenia rates were 45.5% and 46.0% respectively. Among respondents with osteoporosis, 7.6% men and 37.8% women were aware of their diagnosis. Also 5.7% men with osteoporosis and 22.8% women were treated. Higher prevalence was found among respondents who were older, at lower socioeconomic levels, with lower body mass index and shorter height in both genders, and among women with fracture history, and non-hormonal replacement therapy. Awareness and treatment rates for the risk groups were similar compared to the low risk controls for both genders. Fracture history increased awareness and treatment rates independently for both genders. Women with perceived poor health status and health screening had increased awareness and treatment rates, but not men. Conclusion: Results indicate that postmenopausal women have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than men and awareness and treatment rates were higher than for men. Despite gender difference in prevalence, osteoporosis was underdiagnosed and undertreated for both genders. Specialized public education and routine health screenings according to gender could be effective strategies to increase osteoporosis awareness and treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3368-3373
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of self-reported voice problem. Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2008. Subjects were 3,600 persons (1,501 men, 2,099 women) aged 19 years and older. A prediction model was developed by the use of a exhaustive CHAID (Chi Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) algorism of decision tree model. In the decision tree analysis, pain and discomfort during the last 2 weeks, age, the longest occupation and thyroid disorders was significantly associated with self-reported voice problem. The findings of associated factors suggest potential ways of targeting counseling and prevention efforts to control self-reported voice problem.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2015

This study investigated anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, nutrient intakes, and bone density of Korean elderly men (over 65 yrs). Data on bone density and anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure) and biochemical (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and hemoglobin) characteristics, nutrient intakes, and nutrient density were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008~2011). Subjects were categorized into smoking and non-smoking groups, and smoking groups were divided into three groups by smoking period (under 20 yrs, 21~40 yrs and over 41 yrs). Serum triglyceride concentrations of the smoking group aged 21~40 yrs were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01), whereas other biochemical factors were not different. Intake ratios of energy, protein, phosphorus and sodium in subjects were over 100% of Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans (KDRI). Nutrient densities according to intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin per 1,000 kcal were significantly different among the groups (P<0.05). Bone density of subjects decreased according to smoking period (T-score of total femur in non-smoking group -0.3108, and -0.2918, -0.4941, -0.6847 in smoking group, respectively). Ratio of osteoporosis was 38.1% in the non-smoking group and 44.4%, 51.1%, and 64.0% in the smoking group, respectively. The findings of the present study show that smoking may be associated with bone health, higher ratio of osteoporosis, and low nutrient density in elderly men. Therefore, practical and systematic non-smoking programs are required to improve the bone density of elderly men as well as maintain healthy bone levels and desirable lifestyle.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.789-807
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fatty acid intake and dyslipidemia in Korean adults, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)I, II, III, and IV. After excluding subjects who had missing data for the dietary intakes, anthropometric measurments and laboratory tests, a total of 15,804 subjects aged 20~64 y (6,838 men and 8,966 women) from KNHANES 1998~2007 were included. All data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). Associations between fatty acid intakes and dyslipidemia were analyzed by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, marital status, job, education level, alcohol intake, and smoking status. Fatty acid intakes were significantly higher in men than in women. The risk of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly and negatively associated with intakes of TFA, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA in both men and women. The risk of hypercholesterolemia was not significantly associated with any fatty acid intakes in either sex. The risk of high LDL cholesterolaemia was significantly and positively associated with intakes of TFA, MUFA, PUFA, LNA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA in men however, there was no significant association with any fatty acids in women. The risk of low HDL cholesterolaemia was significantly and positively associated with intakes of TFA, MUFA, PUFA, LNA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA in men, and was significantly and negatively associated with intakes of MUFA, PUFA, LNA, and n-3 PUFA in women. These results show that dyslipidemia is significantly associated with individual intake of fatty acids, suggesting that fatty acid type may be related to the risk of dyslipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2016

Osteoporosis is a major health problem that can lead to mortality. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis separately and to assess the risk factors associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis in Korean men aged 50 years and over. A total of 1,136 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010~2011 by using SPSS statistics complex samples (windows ver. 23.0). The prevalence rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 46.3% and 7.3%, respectively, and the mean ages of both osteopenia and osteoporosis risk groups were significantly higher than that of the normal group. The mean values for lifetime tallest height and bone mineral density in whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were significantly lower in the risk group(osteopenia/osteoporosis) than in the normal group, whereas the mean values for height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides of the two groups showed no significant differences. The intakes of energy and carbohydrates were significantly higher in the risk group than in the normal group. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that being underweight and having hypercholesterolemia were significantly related with the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, whereas health habits such as smoking and exercise, chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension, and nutrient intakes were not. These findings suggest the need for further studies to examine osteopenia/osteoporosis risk factors and outcomes specificly focused on Korean men.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2017

Purpose: Dyslipidemia was a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and was a leading cause of mortality in worldwide. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with prevalence and medication treatment of dyslipidemia in Korean adult population. Methods: In this study, based on the criteria set by the Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis, the factors associated with prevalence and medication treatment of dyslipidemia was evaluated in a population of 12,506 people ($age{\geq}20$), who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). The findings were tested by using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Dyslipidemia prevalence rate was 36.5%. Among populations with dyslipidemia, 17.5% were treated with lipid-lowering drugs. In the multivariate logistic regression model, male, increase in age, lower education level, non-drinker, current smoking, less physical activity, increase of body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with an increased odd of dyslipidemia. Female, increase in age, higher income, excess fat intake, hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and angina were associated with an increased odd of medication treat. Conclusion: The results of this study could be used to screen patients at the high risk for dyslipidemia or to predict medication adherence.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.875-889
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to assess a dietary status and to examine the factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents. For this study, 5,576 subjects aged 10~18 years, who participated in the health and dietary intake survey (24h recall method) of the 2007~2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were sampled. The five components for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the subjects were taken from the modified NCEP-ATP III. The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects was 4.6%. The total prevalences of the metabolic syndrome components among the subjects were central obesity 8.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 18.8%, low HDL-cholesterol 13.4%, hypertension 22.4%, and hyperglycemia 5.2%. The gender, age, weight status, frequency of daily meals and eating-out frequency of subjects affected the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Based on these results, There should be to improve the dietary guidelines and nutrition education to decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for Korean children and adolescents.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze the association between dyslipidemia and periodontitis in Korean adults aged 30 and older. Methods: We examined 3,992 subjects participating in the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontal status was evaluated using the community periodontal index (CPI). People with 3 or 4 CPI codes were classified as the periodontitis group. For statistical analyses, chi-square test and logistic multiple regression were used. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in men, people aged 70 and over, people whose income status was among the lower 25%, and people whose educational level was high school or lower (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in people who brushed their teeth twice or less, those who did not use interdental cleaning devices, those who did not have a dental checkup in the last 12 months, and those who had not drunk or smoked (p<0.05). The prevalence of periodontitis was increased with individuals whose BMI was ≥25 kg/㎡, those whose glycated hemoglobin was ≥6.5%, and whose lipid levels were higher or lower than the normal range. In the logistic regression model, an increase in triglyceride was found to increase the prevalence of periodontitis (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study suggests that dyslipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, is a predictor of periodontitis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cataract in a middle-aged men over the age of 40's by using the data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010~2012). Methods: The subjects for the analysis were comprised of 5,808 patients who were at least 40 years or more with metabolic syndrome and cataract. The comparison between the metabolic syndrome and ophthalmic diseases according to the health demographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions was analyzed with ${\chi}^2-test$. The complex samples logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of cataract according to the health demographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions and the combination of the comprising factors of the metabolic syndrome. Results: After controlling the confounding factors, the odds ratio of cataract in the metabolic syndrome group was OR 1.30, which was significantly high (p<0.01). Furthermore, the odds ratio of cataract was significantly high in the case of males, as the age increased, educational level decreased, with exercising habits of less than 3 days a week, sun exposure of at least 5 hours, with hypertension and diabetes (p<0.01). The results of analyzing the odds ratio for the occurrence of cataract with the components of metabolic syndrome were OR 1.36 (concurrent high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol), OR 1.63 (concurrent high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, high waist circumference) and OR 1.33 (high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high waist circumference), which showed significantly high odds ratio for cataract occurrence (p<0.05). Conclusions: We come to know that the relation between metabolic syndrome and components are associate with cataract. Therefore the thorough management of metabolic syndrome and components is needed to prevent cataract.