• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.151-151
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• 2000

대기오염물질 배출계수는 국가기관, 연구기관, 학계, 배출사업장, 방지시설업체, 환경영향평가사업 등 수 많은 분야에서 실질적으로 활용하고 있는 자료로서 배출원에 대한 배출특성을 간접적으로 파악할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본부과금의 산정, 대기오염방지설비의 설계, 오염저감 계획의 수립 등에 매우 유용하게 활용중에 있다. 현재 가장 많이 활용하고 미국 배출계수(EPA AP-42)는 국내 실정에 부적합한 경우가 많아 국립환경연구원에서는 '99년부터 본격적으로 대기오염물질 배출계수를 개발하고 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

In Korea, more than 70% of the ammonia(NH₃) released into the atmosphere is known to originate from livestock manure. The total emission (kg year^-1) is calculated by multiplying the emission factor (kg head^-1 yr^-1) and the activity data (head). To improve the accuracy and reliability of the NH₃ emission estimation process, an accurate account of livestock manure production, calculation of NH₃ conversion and generation during the composting and liquefaction of manure, estimation of NH₃ generation in the storage and transportation of manure and compost, and a comparative study of NH₃ emission during the soil spreading process must be performed. Compared to the US and EU-28, in particular, the domestic emission factor is relatively even and the spatial/temporal scale is not broken down sufficiently to reflect the domestic situation. As a way to improve the accuracy and expertise of estimating NH₃ emission factors, a 'dynamic chamber-capture system' can be utilized, which allows complex considerations of compost, liquid manure, soil, and climate characteristics. By reviewing and comparing the data related to domestic and foreign NH₃ emission, we identified shortcomings in the current domestic system and the directions to be taken and suggested a chamber system that could estimate NH₃ emission flux. It is also necessary to establish a methodology for mesocosm systems in the field, in addition to indoor chamber systems, to be linked with practical policies, such as the calculation of new emission factors for missing sources.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.333-339
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• 2013

This study was conducted to build up the inventories of Pb isotopic compositions of major Pb pollution sources in South Korea. Since non-ferrous metal smelters are one of major anthropogenic sources, two smelters for zinc, each one of smelter for lead and copper were selected for the study. The Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions of metal ores, wastewater, sludge, metal rod and produced sulfuric acid were analysed to understand the Pb isotopic patterns in environment. The isotopic ratio, $^{206}Pb/^{207}Pb$, of zinc ores from zinc smelter were in the range of 1.179~1.198 and the ratio of waste, flue gas and products samples were 1.105~1.147. This results implied that the isotopic patterns of output samples showed mixing patterns between two distinct metal ore soerces. In 2011, major importing countries of zinc ore were Australia, Peru and Mexico. Thus Pb isotopic patterns from zinc smelter is originated from the mixing patterns between less radiogenic Australian ores and more radiogenic South America's ores. Lead smelters also showed the same mixing patterns with those of zinc smelters. However copper smelter showed same Pb isotopic patterns with more radiogenic South America's ores.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

In this study, the anthracite coal being used as fuel in Korea were classified into different types. These types include the domestically produced anthracite, imported anthracite used as raw material, and imported anthracite used as fuel. Each of the calorific values and greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated. The calculation of greenhouse gas emission factors resulted in the domestically produced anthracite as $111,477{\pm}4,508kg\;CO_2/TJ$, the imported anthracite used as raw material as $108,358{\pm}4,033kg\;CO_2/TJ$, and anthracite used as fuel was displayed as $103,927{\pm}8,367kg\;CO_2/TJ$. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emission based on these calculated emission factors was displayed as $6,216,942ton\;CO_2$, which resulted as 12.7% lower than the green house gas emission amount which was calculated without distinguishing anthracite coal in details. Therefore, collecting activity data through a detailed classification of anthracites facilitate a more accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emission amount compared to collecting activity data through combination. Furthermore, since the anthracite coal used domestically possesses characteristics differing from the anthracite coal proposed by the IPCC, anthracite coal should be classified for each purpose and calculated for the improvement of the national greenhouse gas inventory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2023

MARPOL (Maritime Pollution Treaty) 부속서 (Annex VI) 경우 대기오염 규제 내용이며, 최근 선박 배기가스 배출규제 강화 목적 개정됨에 따라 관련 규정을 충족하기 위한 적극적인 조치가 요구된다. 예를 들어 Sulfur Dioxide (SOx, 황산화물) 경우 2020년 기준 전 세계 해역 내 운항하는 선박은 황 함유량 0.5% 기준의 배출 요구 기준을 충족해야 한다. 배출규제 해역 지정 시 해당 해역 선박 배기가스 배출량 계산 산정 기준 확립이 필요함에 따라 대기환경에 대한 종합적인 분석이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 황산화물 배출량 산출 방법론으로써 그리드 셀 내 선박 점유시간을 계산한다. 점유시간이 길수록 선박 통항 및 배기가스 배출이 밀집되어 있음을 의미한다. 밀집도 분석에 더불어 선박의 특성이 반영된 시간당 배출량을 적용하여 배출 공간 인벤토리를 구축하였으며 분석 결과를 GIS (Geographical Information System) 환경에서 공간 지도로 시각화하였다. 기존 국내 황산화물 배출규제 해역의 효과 평가에 더불어 외항 범위까지 규제 확대 시나리오확립 후 비교 평가를 통하여 배출량 감소 효과를 정량적으로 확인하였다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.301-319
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• 2012

The primary purpose of Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is to facilitate investment in renewable energy technology. Since emission trading program has similar purpose, it is conceivable to attempt to link RPS and emission trading program through interlinked markets. RPS in Korea with single REC and emission allowance markets has particular advantages for constructing linkages between two markets. This paper provides a real option model to examine investment effects of linkage of RPS to the trading program. Emission permit price and REC price are assumed to follow stochastic processes and renewable investment is irreversible. The result shows that linked market provides further incentive for renewable investment by raising managerial flexibility for power companies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.493-518
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• 2005

It has been taken for 10 years since Climate Change Convention could it be made. And Kyoto Protocol will come into force as an international law as from 16. Feb 2005. As based on it, Annex I countries will implement their mitigation projects on GHG reductions and press developing countries on GHG reduction target. Korea has not duty target on it yet. But it will be held a COP(Conference of Party) on negotiation for reduction target of second commitment period. If Korea has a real duty, Industry sector should reduce GHG emissions. Then Market mechanism will be need to introduce for this. This study started having a question "Is it possible to introduce emissions trading in Korea?". To solve the problem, this study analysed GHG emissions, marginal abatement cost, market price with 11 companies of industry (about 36% of Korea emissions). minus target is impossible to implement reduction target ver base year (2002). And emissions trading scheme also can't make the market without additional policy and measures. This study suggest that it is need to import credits and give a subsidy of government to encourage it. The imported credit can reduce the demand curve within the marginal abatement cost curves. But the effectiveness of credit is not the same as continually growth. As a result, Allowing 40% credit into emissions trading market is the best to reduce costs. However, a subsidy is the little bit difference. A subsidy make marginal abatement cost curves down for itself. Giving 30% for subsidy, it is the best. Considering both of importing credits and subsidy, it is the best effects in the reducing cost for company. especially 30% is the best effects respectively. This Study show that government wants to consider designing emissions trading, encourage participants competitiveness, and encourage the early action, government has to allow credit trading and give a subsidy to participants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.391-392
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• 2000

국내 지형이 복잡하고, 대단위 배출시설들이 대도시 주변에 많이 위치하고 있기 때문에 굴뚝에서 배출된 오염물질이 주변에 미치는 영향을 정확히 파악하기 위해서는 굴뚝 주변에 위치한 건물에 의해서 발생하는 세류현상에 대한 세밀한 해석이 요구된다. 현재 국내에서 환경영향평가에서 건물세류현상을 평가하기 위해서 주로 미국 환경보호청에서 제공하고 있는 ISC3모델을 사용하고 있다(US EPA, 1995). (중략)

• Cement
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• s.200
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• pp.40-43
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• 2013

최근 탄소시장에는 3가지 이슈가 있다. 첫 번째는 EU 탄소시장의 회생 가능성이고, 두 번째는 중국 배출권거래제의 성공 여부이고, 마지막으로는 호주 탄소세의 지속가능 여부이다. 2015년부터 배출권거래제를 시행할 예정인 우리나라 입장에서는 EU나 호주 등의 실패사례와 중국과 같은 신규시장을 철저히 벤치마킹함으로씨 국내기업의 경쟁력 제고와 시너지 창출을 도모해 나가야 할 것이다. 여기서는 삼성경제연구소의 '탄소시장의 3대 이슈와 전망' 보고서를 통해 탄소시장의 구조와 현황, 주요 이슈, 국내 현황 및 시사점에 대해 살펴본다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

While increased use of energy and fossil fuel in the recent years could worsen air quality and climate change, only few studies have been conducted on estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and characterization of emission types by sectors and regions in Korea. In this study, greenhouse gases emissions based on resions(Si, Gun, Gu) and emitted sectors(industry, transport, cemmercial and institutional, residential, waste, agriculture, others) were investigated using GHG-CAPSS(Greenhouse GasClean Air Policy Support System) developed to support to national and regional greenhouse gases reduction strategies. GHG-CAPSS follows IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guideline methodology to categorize the emission sources and estimation of greenhouse gases using bottom-up approach. Estimated total greenhouse gases emissions were 588,011 thousand tons as $CO_2$ equivalent. Industry(50.1%) sector exhibited the highest portion followed by transport(17.6%), commercial and institutional(12.6%), residential(12.6%), waste(2.6%), agriculture(2.5%). Based on regional estimation, Gyeonggi(14.9%) demonstrated the highest emitted greenhouse gases among big cities followed by Jeonnam(12.4%), Gyeongbuk(11.0%), Ulsan(9.2%) and Seoul(8.9%).