• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.592-596
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• 2002

Can speak that DTD is meta data that define meaning of expressed data on XML document. Therefore, In case DTD information is damaged this information to base security of XML document dangerous. Not that attach digital signature on XML document at send-receive process of XML document in this research, proposed method to attach digital signature to DTD. As reading DTD file to end first, do parsing, and store abstracted element or attribute entitys in hash table. Read hash table and achieve message digest if parsing is ended. Compose and create digital signature with individual key after achievement. When sign digital, problem that create entirely other digest cost because do not examine about order that change at message digest process is happened. This solved by method to create DTD's digital signature using DOM that can embody tree structure for standard structure and document.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.1519-1522
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• 2003

기존의 웹 문서나 컨텐츠들의 표현적 한계를 극복하기 위한 방안으로 메타 데이터에 관한 다양한 연구가 수행되어졌고 그 결과의 산물중에 가장 대표적인 것으로 XML을 들 수 있다. XML은 문서의 내용뿐 아니라 구조까지도 기술할 수 있는 장점을 통해 향후 정보 교환에 핵심적인 역할을 할 것으로 기대되어지고 있으며 이에 따라 XML 문서를 효율적으로 저장하고 검색하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. BitCube는 Bit-wise 연산이 가능한 3차원 비트맵 인덱싱을 사용하여 XML 문서들의 구조적 유사성에 따라 클러스터링하고 사용자의 질의에 대한 처리를 수행하는 인덱싱 기법으로 그것의 빠른 성능을 입증하였다. 그러나 BitCube의 클러스터링은 XML 문서의 경로에 중점을 둔 것이므로 클러스터와 경로가 담고 있는 실제 단어들간에는 연관성이 없으므로 3차원 비트맵 인덱스는 하나의 평면을 제외한 모든 평면이 굉장히 높은 공간 사용량을 갖는 회소행렬이 된다. 본 논문에서는 늘어나는 방대한 문서의 양으로 인한 시스템의 성능 저하를 막고 안정적인 성능을 유지할 수 있도록 기존 연산의 성능을 저하시키지 않으면서 공간을 최소화 할 수 있는 연결 리스트틀 설계하고 3차원 비트맵 인덱스를 연결 리스트로 재구성하는 방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

${\mu}TESLA$ broadcast authentication protocol have been developed by many researchers for providing authenticated broadcasting message between receiver and sender in sensor networks. Those cause authentication delay Tree-based ${\mu}TESLA$[3] solves the problem of authentication delay. But, it has new problems from Merkel hash tree certificate structure. Such as an increase in quantity of data transmission and computation according to the number of sender or parameter of ${\mu}TESLA$ chain. ${\mu}TPCT$-based ${\mu}TESLA$[4] has an advantages, such as a fixed computation cost by altered Low-level Merkel has tree to hash chain. However, it only use the sequential values of Hash chain to authenticate ${\mu}TESLA$ parameters. So, It can't ensure the success of authentication in lossy sensor network. This paper is to propose the improved method for Tree-based ${\mu}TESLA$ by using XOR-based chain. The proposed scheme provide advantages such as a fixed computation cost with ${\mu}$TPCT-based ${\mu}TESLA$ and a message loss-tolerant with Tree-based ${\mu}TESLA$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10b
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• pp.213-217
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• 2006

기존의 Ontology를 이용한 이미지 검색 시스템이나 간단한 구조를 가진 메타데이터 기반의 분산 이미지 검색 시스템들의 단점들을 극복하기 위해 다양한 이미지 제공자들의 자율성을 보장하면서, Semantic 기반의 이미지 검색을 지원하는 분산 시각미디어 검색 프레임워크인 HERMES(The Retrieval Framework for Visual Media Service)가 제안되었다. 분산 환경에서는 시스템의 규모가 커지면서 사용자들의 상호작용 성능을 떨어뜨리지 않으면서 다수의 동시 사용자들을 처리할 수 있는 확장성(Scalability)이 중요한 이슈가 된다. 제안된 프레임워크에서는 서비스를 사용하는 다수의 사용자들이 Broker 서버에 동시에 접속했을 경우 발생하는 Overhead에 대한 문제를 해결 할 수 없었기 때문에 성능의 저하와 확장성을 고려할 수 없는 문제를 안고 있다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해서 Broker 서버의 내부 컴포넌트의 수행시간을 측정하고 이를 주기적으로 수집하여 저장하는 Monitoring System이 추가로 연구되었지만, 수집한 정보를 가공하여 다수의 Broker 서버에 대한 부하를 분산하는 알고리즘은 제공되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 다수의 동시 사용자들이 접속했을 경우에도 성능의 저하 없이 비슷한 수준의 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 Broker 서버를 증설하여 Monitoring System으로부터 각각의 Broker 내부 컴포넌트의 수행시간을 측정하여 저장하고, 저장된 데이터에 대하여 각 Broker들에 대한 우선순위를 결정하는 테이블을 작성한다. 사용자로부터 Query를 입력받는 User Interface는 Broker의 Ranking Table을 참조하여 다수의 Query 수행을 여러 서버로 분산처리하게 함으로써 성능에 대한 신뢰성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 Load Balancing System을 제안한다.할 때 가장 효과적인 라우팅 프로토콜이라고 할 수 있다.iRNA 상의 의존관계를 분석할 수 있었다.수안보 등 지역에서 나타난다 이러한 이상대 주변에는 대개 온천이 발달되어 있었거나 새로 개발되어 있는 곳이다. 온천에 이용하고 있는 시추공의 자료는 배제하였으나 온천이응으로 직접적으로 영향을 받지 않은 시추공의 자료는 사용하였다 이러한 온천 주변 지역이라 하더라도 실제는 온천의 pumping 으로 인한 대류현상으로 주변 일대의 온도를 올려놓았기 때문에 비교적 높은 지열류량 값을 보인다. 한편 한반도 남동부 일대는 이번 추가된 자료에 의해 새로운 지열류량 분포 변화가 나타났다 강원 북부 오색온천지역 부근에서 높은 지열류량 분포를 보이며 또한 우리나라 대단층 중의 하나인 양산단층과 같은 방향으로 발달한 밀양단층, 모량단층, 동래단층 등 주변부로 NNE-SSW 방향의 지열류량 이상대가 발달한다. 이것으로 볼 때 지열류량은 지질구조와 무관하지 않음을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 이러한 단층대 주변은 지열수의 순환이 깊은 심도까지 가능하므로 이러한 대류현상으로 지표부근까지 높은 지온 전달이 되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$-transierrin이 감염 병소의 영상진단에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.리를 정량화 하였다. 특히 선조체에서의 도파민 유리에 의한 수용체 결합능의 감소는 흡연에 의한 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(rho=0.9, p=0.04). 결론: $[^{11}C]raclopride$ PET을 이용하여 비흡연 정

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.2
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• pp.249-264
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• 2007

As the need for telematics contents services due to the frequent traveling of people is increasing, it is necessary to provide various telematics contents by connecting and integrating current telematics contents which are collected and provided by each individual data provider. However, it is difficult to integrate or exchange the current telematics contents, because the data providers use different telematics contents models. Therefore, we propose a 'telematics contents gateway(TCG); system, which enables to integrate different telematics contents, so that the contents can be interoperable. The TCG can be a solution for several problems in the current telematics contents providing system. First of all, it has been impossible to search the contents without any information about data providers, because of the absence of metadata in the current systems. For this problem, TCG supports a search function based on a web-service technology. Second, TCG provides a common road network model for interoperability, and the model can be a solution to integrate different road network models into the common model. Moreover, integration algorithm for enhancing the correctness of integration will be proposed. In addition, it is designed by multi threads and multi queue structure. The TCG developed with C# on a windows system has been running and we verified that there was no information loss in the integration process. In addition, the speed of content integration and transfer satisfied the requirement of telematics services providers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.393-413
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• 2021

Digital humanities, which creates new and innovative knowledge through the combination of digital information technology and humanities research problems, can be seen as a representative multidisciplinary field of study. To investigate the intellectual structure of the digital humanities field, a network analysis of authors and keywords co-word was performed on a total of 441 papers in the last two years (2019, 2020) at the Digital Humanities Conference. As the results of the author and keyword analysis show, we can find out the active activities of Europe, North America, and Japanese and Chinese authors in East Asia. Through the co-author network, 11 dis-connected sub-networks are identified, which can be seen as a result of closed co-authoring activities. Through keyword analysis, 16 sub-subject areas are identified, which are machine learning, pedagogy, metadata, topic modeling, stylometry, cultural heritage, network, digital archive, natural language processing, digital library, twitter, drama, big data, neural network, virtual reality, and ethics. This results imply that a diver variety of digital information technologies are playing a major role in the digital humanities. In addition, keywords with high frequency can be classified into humanities-based keywords, digital information technology-based keywords, and convergence keywords. The dynamics of the growth and development of digital humanities can represented in these combinations of keywords.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.227-252
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• 2018

The evolution of instant communication has mirrored the development of the Internet and messenger applications are among the most representative manifestations of instant communication technologies. In messenger applications, senders use emoticons to supplement the emotions conveyed in the text of their messages. The fact that communication via messenger applications is not face-to-face makes it difficult for senders to communicate their emotions to message recipients. Emoticons have long been used as symbols that indicate the moods of speakers. However, at present, emoticon-use is evolving into a means of conveying the psychological states of consumers who want to express individual characteristics and personality quirks while communicating their emotions to others. The fact that companies like KakaoTalk, Line, Apple, etc. have begun conducting emoticon business and sales of related content are expected to gradually increase testifies to the significance of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, despite the development of emoticons themselves and the growth of the emoticon market, no suitable emoticon recommendation system has yet been developed. Even KakaoTalk, a messenger application that commands more than 90% of domestic market share in South Korea, just grouped in to popularity, most recent, or brief category. This means consumers face the inconvenience of constantly scrolling around to locate the emoticons they want. The creation of an emoticon recommendation system would improve consumer convenience and satisfaction and increase the sales revenue of companies the sell emoticons. To recommend appropriate emoticons, it is necessary to quantify the emotions that the consumer sees and emotions. Such quantification will enable us to analyze the characteristics and emotions felt by consumers who used similar emoticons, which, in turn, will facilitate our emoticon recommendations for consumers. One way to quantify emoticons use is metadata-ization. Metadata-ization is a means of structuring or organizing unstructured and semi-structured data to extract meaning. By structuring unstructured emoticon data through metadata-ization, we can easily classify emoticons based on the emotions consumers want to express. To determine emoticons' precise emotions, we had to consider sub-detail expressions-not only the seven common emotional adjectives but also the metaphorical expressions that appear only in South Korean proved by previous studies related to emotion focusing on the emoticon's characteristics. We therefore collected the sub-detail expressions of emotion based on the "Shape", "Color" and "Adumbration". Moreover, to design a highly accurate recommendation system, we considered both emotion-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional indexes. We then identified 14 features of emoticon-technical indexes and selected 36 emotional adjectives. The 36 emotional adjectives consisted of contrasting adjectives, which we reduced to 18, and we measured the 18 emotional adjectives using 40 emoticon sets randomly selected from the top-ranked emoticons in the KakaoTalk shop. We surveyed 277 consumers in their mid-twenties who had experience purchasing emoticons; we recruited them online and asked them to evaluate five different emoticon sets. After data acquisition, we conducted a factor analysis of emoticon-emotional factors. We extracted four factors that we named "Comic", Softness", "Modernity" and "Transparency". We analyzed both the relationship between indexes and consumer attitude and the relationship between emoticon-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional factors. Through this process, we confirmed that the emoticon-technical indexes did not directly affect consumer attitudes but had a mediating effect on consumer attitudes through emoticon-emotional factors. The results of the analysis revealed the mechanism consumers use to evaluate emoticons; the results also showed that consumers' emoticon-technical indexes affected emoticon-emotional factors and that the emoticon-emotional factors affected consumer satisfaction. We therefore designed the emoticon recommendation system using only four emoticon-emotional factors; we created a recommendation method to calculate the Euclidean distance from each factors' emotion. In an attempt to increase the accuracy of the emoticon recommendation system, we compared the emotional patterns of selected emoticons with the recommended emoticons. The emotional patterns corresponded in principle. We verified the emoticon recommendation system by testing prediction accuracy; the predictions were 81.02% accurate in the first result, 76.64% accurate in the second, and 81.63% accurate in the third. This study developed a methodology that can be used in various fields academically and practically. We expect that the novel emoticon recommendation system we designed will increase emoticon sales for companies who conduct business in this domain and make consumer experiences more convenient. In addition, this study served as an important first step in the development of an intelligent emoticon recommendation system. The emotional factors proposed in this study could be collected in an emotional library that could serve as an emotion index for evaluation when new emoticons are released. Moreover, by combining the accumulated emotional library with company sales data, sales information, and consumer data, companies could develop hybrid recommendation systems that would bolster convenience for consumers and serve as intellectual assets that companies could strategically deploy.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.419-441
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• 2008

As the Web and digital libraries have become a commodity, they are used for a variety of purposes and tasks that may require a great deal of cognitive efforts. However, most search engines in the Web and digital libraries support users with only searching and browsing capabilities, leaving all the cognitive burdens of manipulating information objects to the users. We propose a two-level model for human-Web interactions, consisting of knowledge and information spaces, and a tool that provides knowledge space and inter-space operations in addition to searching and browsing at the information level. Knowledge space is an explication of user's conceptual view of the information objects being explored through interactions with the Web or a digital library. Topics are created and related with associations at the knowledge level and connected to information objects in information space. The tool implemented using the Topic Maps framework has been tested for efficacy as an aid to reducing cognitive burden under exploratory search task.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.42
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• pp.287-326
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• 2014

Documenting environmental conflicts will be a priority target for documenting localities, because those conflicts are critical events that make intensive 'place experiences' of local residents. This study is to design a narrative structure for documenting conflicts in the process of Transmission Towers Construction in Miryang. This study begins with analysing the characteristics of environmental conflicts, and draws a conflicts documentation model including basic rules, narrative structure and development process. Basic rules are set up as mixed documentation of memory and evidence, application of 'frame', and dynamic description. Based on the rules, this study suggests a dynamic and open narrative framework adopting the metadata model of ISO 23081. This model is applied to documenting Transmission Towers Construction Conflicts in Mi-ryang. The full narrative and 'frame' of the conflicts are set after analysing development and issues of the conflicts, stakeholder, and properties of each conflict problem. Records descriptions are related to the context(each event occurred in the conflicting conditions, mandates, and stakeholder) descriptions to make multiple narratives in digital environments. Event description contains elements for articulating the 'frame' of each party of the conflict. The merits of this model are; i) to accumulate the adequate context information systematically by adopting dynamic narrative model, and ii) to acquire the new items and connect them to related items easily and consistently through multi-entity description. This documentation model of environmental conflicts may support to shape the collective memory of community, and to achieve good governance by managing conflicts in the process of locating non-preferred facilities with due regard to values and perceptions of residents and communities.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.94-111
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• 2023

In order to establish an effective management strategy for invasive species early detection and regular monitoring are required to assess their introduction or dispersal. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is actively applied to evaluate the fauna including the presence of invasive species as it has high detection sensitivity and can detect multiple species simultaneously. In Korea, the applicability evaluation of metabarcoding is being conducted mainly on fish, and research on other taxa is insufficient. Therefore, this study identified the feasibility of detecting invasive species in Korea using eDNA metabarcoding. In addition, to confirm the possibility of detection by taxa, the detection of target species was evaluated using four universal primers (MiFish, MiMammal, Mibird, Amp16S) designed for fish, mammals, birds, and amphibians. As a result, target species (Trachemys scripta, 3 sites; Cervus nippon, 3 sites; Micropterus salmoides, 7 sites; Rana catesbeiana, 4 sites) were detected in 17 of the total 55 sites. Even in the selection of dense sampling sites within the study area, there was a difference in the detection result by reflecting the ecological characteristics of the target species. A comparison of community structures (species richness, abundance and diversity) based on the presence of invasive species focused on M.salmoides and T.scripta, showed higher diversity at the point where invasive species were detected. Also, 1 to 4 more species were detected and abundance was also up to 1.7 times higher. The results of invasive species detection through metabarcoding and the comparison of community structures indicate that the accumulation of large amounts of monitoring data through eDNA can be efficiently utilized for multidimensional ecosystem evaluation. In addition, it suggested that eDNA can be used as major data for evaluation and prediction, such as tracking biological changes caused by artificial and natural factors and environmental impact assessment.