• 한국노년학
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.195-209
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing file-up family stress in the caregivers of patients with dementia. Data was collected by questionnaires from 102 families with a member having a dementia, at neurology departments of hospitals, temporary shelter for dementia patient, and nursing homes for the elderly. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. In results, the score of file-up stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of level of family hardiness(r=-.200, p=.026), social support(r=-.361, p=.004), relative and friend support(r=-.416, p=.001), and F-COPES(r=-.345, p=.048). The multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of file-up family stress was family cost for patients with dementia. The results contribute to the understanding of Korean family caregivers' perceptions of caregiveing. Further researches should be conducted with the consideration of Korean traditional custom that family should take care of the elderly family members.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2005

In this research, composite alumina was prepared to add the various promoters by sol-gel method and examined its thermal stability. After sintering at $1,200^{\circ}C$, the thermal stability resulted in following order, $Si{\fallingdotseq}La$ > Ti > $Ba{\fallingdotseq}Ce$ > Y > $Zr{\fallingdotseq}Mg$, in accordance with adding the promoters. Especially in case of silica-added alumina, a phase transformation temperature to ${\alpha}$-alumina increased about $150^{\circ}C$ and after sintering at $1,200^{\circ}C$, it showed to maintain in ${\gamma}$-form and ${\delta}$-form alumina phase. Also it showed an increase of surface area from $3m^2/g$ to $71m^2/g$ compared with pure ${\alpha}$-alumina. In the case of silicaadded alumina, the characterization change of this alumina particle resulted in a delay of phase transformation because Si-O-Al bond was increased when sintered at high temperature. In case of lanthanum-added alumina, there was a sintering delay phenomenon in inter-particles as $LaAlO_3$ structure existed. The existence of lanthanum structure was confirmed by XRD and XPS analysis. It appeared on the alumina surface as $La_2O_3$ structure when it was sintered under $1,000^{\circ}C$, as the perovskite structure of $LaAlO_3$ at above $1,000^{\circ}C$ and as the magneto-plumbite structure of $LaAl_{11}O_{18}$ at above $1,300^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1754-1766
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• 2015

Packet classification carried out in Internet routers is one of the challenging tasks, because it has to be performed at wire-speed using five header fields at the same time. In this paper, we propose a leaf-pushed AQT bitmap trie. The proposed architecture applies the leaf-pushing to an area-based quad-trie (AQT) to reduce unnecessary off-chip memory accesses. The proposed architecture also applies a bitmap trie, which is a kind of multi-bit tries, to improve search performance and scalability. For performance evaluation, simulations are conducted by using rule sets ACL, FW, and IPC, with the sizes of 1k, 5k, and 10k. Simulation results show that the number of off-chip memory accesses is less than one regardless of set types or set sizes. Additionally, since the proposed architecture applies a bitmap trie, the required number of on-chip memory accesses is the 50% of the leaf-pushed AQT trie. In addition, our proposed architecture shows good scalability in the required on-chip memory size, where the scalability is identified by the stable change in the required memory sizes, as the size of rule sets increases.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2018

For conservation of biodiversity, we designate and manage the major areas that are habitats of organisms as ecosystem protected areas. It is necessary to evaluate the biodiversity of protected areas relatively in order to establish strategies to protect and secure the biodiversity of protected areas. In this study, we selected evaluation indicators by which we can compare objectively the biodiversity of protected areas corresponding to forest ecosystem, and applied them to Mt. Jiri and Mt. Bukhan National Parks. We reviewed literatures to select evaluation criteria. Frequently mentioned criteria and the structure of the forest which plays an importantrole of forest biodiversity were selected as the evaluation criteria. As the result, the selected evaluation indicators were 7-species diversity, species richness, evenness, rarity, disturbance species, indigenous species, and forest structure. In Mt. Jiri and Mt. Bukhan National Parks, species diversity were 3.492 and 2.943, species richness were 8.998 and 9.793, evenness were 0.849 and 0.680,rarity were 11.976 and 10.783, and disturbance species index were 0.214 and 0.357 respectively. Both national parks had abundant indigenous species and showed various forest physiognomies and stable 4-layer structure. It was found that crown density was higher in Mt. Jiri. Most indicators were implied high biodiversity in Mt. Jiri and Mt. Bukhan national parks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2011

It's been reported that the global warming effect has invoked the ever increasing typhoon intensity and long-term sea level rise which jointly cause severe wave overtopping over breakwaters or shore dykes. A simple measure to cope with this undesirable change may be just to increase the crest height of the dykes and breakwaters. This is surely effective to prevent wave overtopping, but it also decreases the seaward visibility of coastal waterfront. In this paper, a dynamic deformable rubber membrane parapet which not only reduces wave overtopping in storm period but also secures seascapes in normal days is presented. Several optimal configurations of the parapet are proposed. Through numerical analyses using a nonlinear finite element model and hydraulic experiments, the air controlled expansion and contraction of the parapets, their behavior against wave overtopping and structural stability are investigated.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

In this study, gelatin binding ability was increased by adding cross linking agent to improve adhesive characteristic of animal glue. Animal glue added genipin measured gel strength and viscosity, the structural analysis, the color retention degree, elution degree, and rupture strength. And the water resistance and ultraviolet light resistance with the addition of genipin were compared. As a result of the study, the gel strength and viscosity increased with the amount of genipin. As a result of the structural analysis, in gelatin, the absorption peak of the triple structure of collagen structurally stabilized was observed. As a result of the color retention degree, the film was observed because of the lowered brightness. The amount of elution glue was increased with addition of genipin at $50^{\circ}C$ distilled water condition and rupture strength has increased with the amount of genipin. In the water resistance and light fastness, there was no appearance before and after deterioration due to the addition of genipin. Based on the results of this study, it confirmed the adhesive characteristics of animal glue added genipin and examined the experimental method applicable for animal glue. After the addition of genipin, flexibility, re-solving, adhesive force, and curing speed, which are unique characteristics of glue, can be improved without disappearing, so it is expected that it will be applicable to production of animal glue and conservation of cultural heritage when homogeneous glue is secured.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2013

The current seismic design code prescribes that a structural wall should be designed as a special shear wall when the building height is more than 60 m and its seismic design category is classified as D. However, the use of a special shear wall has a negative effect on constructability and economic efficiency. In the present study, the seismic performance of a special shear wall and a special shear wall with relaxed reinforcement detail was evaluated through a cyclic reversal loading test. The specimens were constructed to measure the results of the experimental variable regarding the reinforcement details of the special boundary element. Next, the seismic performances of a special shear wall structural system and that of a special shear wall structural system with relaxed reinforcement detail was evaluated by methods proposed in the FEMA P695. The cyclic reversal loading test results of this study showed that the performance of the shear wall with relaxed reinforcement detail was almost similar to the performance of a special shear wall and has the performance which requested from standard. The results of the seismic evaluation showed that all special shear walls with relaxed reinforcement detail are satisfied with the design code and seismic performance.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

In the present study, pure RHO zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized by using 18-crown-6 ether as a structure directing agent(SDA), and the small gases adsorption was investigated. Synthesized RHO zeolite was a cube shape particle of which average edge length was around $1.2{\mu}m$ and composed of primary crystallites having a diameter of around 100 to 200 nm. RHO zeolite structure was stable under 3h calcination at $600^{\circ}C$. Water adsorption data announced that RHO zeolite has a specific surface area of 483.32 m2/g and its micropore diameter was about 4 A. Gas adsorption was studied in the pressure range of 50 to 500 kPa for $CO_2$, $N_2$, $O_2$ and $H_2$. It was evident that RHO zeolite showed a strong $CO_2$ adsorption behavior. Especially, RHO zeolite showed a transient $CO_2$ adsorption behavior. The 3h $CO_2$ up-take at 50 kPa and 500 kPa was 1.283 and 3.357 mmol/g, respectively. The $CO_2/H_2$ selectivity was around 16 at 500 kPa. Compared with gas adsorption data for some representative microporous adsorbents, it was certain that RHO zeolite is a beneficial adsorbent for $CO_2/H_2$ separation.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.421-428
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• 2006

In this paper, the way of remote installation and back-up of 3-tier structure is introduced for efficient utilizing the cluster system resources distributed at several places. Recently, cluster system is constructed as the system of over hundreds nodes under complex network system mixed with public networks and private networks. Therefore, the as installation method suitable for the large scale cluster system and the remote recovery of failure nodes are important. However the previous researches which are based on 2-tier architecture may not provide the efficient cluster installation and image back-up method when the network of cluster system is composed of several private networks and public networks. In this paper, RISE (Remote Installation Service and Environment) based on the 3-tier architecture is proposed to solve this problem. In our approach, the managing node's role is divided into the global master node (GRISE) and the local master node (LRISE) to provide the efficient initial system deployment and remote failure recovery of distributed cluster system under the various network systems. Also, LRISE's availability is ensured under the complex network environments by adopting the auto-synchronization mechanism between GRISE and LRISE. In this work, a 64-node cluster system with gigabit network system is utilized for the experiment. From the experimental result, the system image with 1.86GB data can be obtained in 5 minutes and 53 seconds and the image-based installation of 64-node system can be carried out in 17 minutes and 53 seconds.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.104-108
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• 2001

Naphthalene derived mesophase pitch WP) was spun into short fibers by using melt-blown technology. The pitch fibers oxidative stabilization were carried out heating rates of $2^{\circ}C/min,\;5^{\circ}C/min\;and\; 10^{\circ}/min$. The heating rate was a key factor to maximate the capacity of the Li-ion secondary battery through controlling the morphology of the graphitized fiber. The diameters of the melt-blown fibers prepared were in the range of $4{\mu}m\~16{\mu}m$ with functions of air jet speed, air temperature and the temperature of the nozzle. The graphitized fibers of $10{\mu}m$ diameters showed various morphological structure with heating rate of the stabilization. Radial, radial-random and skin-core cross-sectional structure of the fibers were observed at the respective heating rate of $2^{\circ}C/min\;5^{\circ}C/min\;and\;10^{\circ}C/min$. Most crystalline structure of graphite was obtained from the fiber stabilized at heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$ exhibiting the best anode performance with 400 mAh/g of capacitance and $96.8\%$ of charge/discharge efficiency.