• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.240-253
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• 2019

Archaeological heritages are precious cultural relics and public assets that must be preserved, conserved, and shared with people all over the world. Investigating archaeological heritage is valuable and plays an important role for the public good; our ancestors' cultures can be restored, and it helps with developing a clear understanding of the cultural and social aspects of a historical period as well as teaches about historical factors unreported in the literature. One of the most basic and important conditions necessary for recognizing the value and importance of archaeological heritage investigation, expertise, and quality improvement is to establish detailed criteria for investigation services and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage. Observation of detailed criteria and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage can partially demonstrate society's recognition of strengthening transparency, public property, and the objectivity of the investigation of archaeological heritage. However, the detailed criteria for investigation services and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage currently implemented as administrative rules are neither followed by all institutes in the public and private sectors nor the government. Thus, there are serious problems in terms of the effectiveness and stability of institutions. The detailed criteria for the qualification examination breach the principle of statutory reservation, the principle of statutory regulation, and regulations on the announcement and management of orders and rules. Non-compliance with compensation criteria for investigation services or with detailed criteria for the qualification examination of archaeological heritage will be one of the reasons for the failure of the investigation foundation for archaeological heritage in the future. That is, it will result in the expansion, reproduction, and repetition of a vicious cycle of conflict between developers, who are the decision-makers responsible for selecting an investigating organization for archaeological heritage and determining the cost, and investigating organizations. This includes the impractical shortening of investigation periods and reducing costs by developers, distrust of the values and the importance of investigations of archaeological heritage, a decrease in quality, accidents caused by a lack of safety, a lack of occupational ethics, and non-recruitment of new experts, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to change the structure from a vicious cycle to a virtuous cycle, and promote the enactment of regulations that will ensure effectiveness and stability in the process of attaining the goals of the institution and application of the institution, as well as the continuous advancement of work to fill the gaps with reality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2015

현재 태양광에너지 시장은 해마다 빠른 속도로 성장하는 추세이며 50 GWp/년 이상의 시장으로 변화하였고 앞으로도 전체적인 성장세는 지속 유지될 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 이와 아울러 각 Value chain 별로 많은 기업들이 생겨나게되어 각각의 기업들이 제품을 고효율 저가화 함으로서 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 많은 노력들이 기울이고 있으며 본 강연에서는 이러한 측면에서 태양광 에너지의 분야별 고효율/저가화를 위한 기술동향을 살펴보고자 한다. 태양광 산업은 아직은 다소 높은 발전단가로 인해 일부 정부의 지원이나 정책에 의해 산업의 규모가 결정되게 되는데 주요한 지원제도는 RPS 제도와 FIT 제도가 있으며 우리나라는 초기 FIT 제도로 국가에서 태양광에서 생산된 전기를 높은 가격에 사주었으나 근래에들어 RPS 제도를 운영하게 되었으며 매전을 하면서 SMP에 준하는 수익을 창출하고 이와 아울러 REC 를 확보하여 확보된 REC 단가에 의해 추가적인 수익을 창출하는 구조의 발전사업이 진행되고 있다. 그리고 RPS나 FIT와 같은 정부의 지원없이도 발전단가의 경쟁력을 확보하는 시점을 그리드패러티라고 하며 이는 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 태양광의 저가화는 그리드패러티 달성을 확보하기 위해 필수적으로 필요한 사안이며 앞으로도 이러한 저가화 / 고효율화 기술노력은 계속 진행될 것으로 판단된다. 우선 소재의 가격을 줄이기 위해 웨이퍼의 두께가 점점 박형화 되어가고 박형화 되면서도 안정적인 공정수율 및 효율을 향상시키기 위한 기술개발이 진행되고 있으며 Cell 분야에 있어서도 고효율을 위한 다양한 Texturing 기술 및 패시베이션 기술의 개발이 이루어 지고 있으며 고효율 컨셉의 MRT cell, Back contact cell 등 고효율 구조의 cell의 양산을 진행하고 있는 등 최근 n-type 기반의 고효율 cell 기술이 활발하게 양산화 검토가 이루어 지고 있다. 모듈 분야에 있어서는 저가/고효율화와 아울러 제품의 신뢰성 확보가 무엇보다도 중요하게 다루어 지고 있으며 이는 모듈이 최소 25년 이상 Field 에서 운용되어 수익창출이 가능해야 하므로 가장 중요한 요소중에 하나라고 할 수 있다. 신뢰성 측면에서 중요하게 다루어 지고 있는 것 중 하나가 PID 저감을 위한 노력이며 이와 관련된 각 소재의 개발이 가장 활발하게 진행되고 있으며 이와 아울러 장수명을 보장하기 위한 내구성이 겸비된 봉지재의 개발 또한 많은 관심을 불러 일으키고 있다. 저가/고효율화를 위해 CTM loss를 줄이기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있으며 특수 형태의 리본으로 빛의 흡수를 증가시키거나 컨택저항을 최소화 하기위한 소재의 개발이 이루어 지고 있다. 태양광 시스템 분야의 경우 발전량과 수익창출에 있어 직접적인 영향을 미치는 분야로서 전체 시스템의 loss 를 줄이고 최적의 환경에서 최대한의 발전량을 확보하기 위한 array 설계 및 운용기술이 활발하게 개발되고 있으며 시스템에서의 loss를 줄여줄수 있는 마이크로 인버터나 multi string 인버터의 적용도 이루어 지고 있으나 저가화를 위한 추가적인 노력이 필요한 상황이다. 본 강연의 마지막으로 이러한 노력들의 산물인 특수 태양광 제품 및 시스템의 기술동향에 대해 살펴하고자 한다. 사막은 전체면적의 1/3을 차지할 정도로 넓은 면적을 자랑하지만 밤과 낮의 기온차 그리고 계통 선로의 부재 등 적용하기 어려운 환경적인 제약도 함께 존재하며 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안에 대해 살펴보고 최근 Hot issue 중의 하나인 수상 태양광 시스템의 장, 단점과 기술적 특성 등을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.556-559
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• 2007

고탁수 장기화 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로는 고탁수층을 선택취수하여 우선 배제함으로써 하류하천의 고탁수 발생일수를 최소화하는 방법이 있는데, 이와 같은 선택적 취수기법은 저수지 운영에 있어서 고탁수층을 우선 배제한 후 홍수기 이후에 저수지내로 유입되는 청수를 담수하여 호소 내 탁도 저감 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 선택취수 시 성층수괴의 동수역학적 변화를 분석하기 위하여 국내에서 처음으로 Two-tank 기법을 이용하여 성층구조를 구현해 내었는데, 소금물의 밀도변화를 이용하여 수심 1m의 성층수조를 만들었고, 밀도경사가 상이한 성층구조에서 취수조건을 변화시키면서 비교란 유속계인 PIV 시스템을 이용해 유속의 흐름을 Vector와 Contour로 분석하였다. 선택취수에 대한 흐름의 동수역학적 분석결과 취수유량보다는 밀도성층경사 변화에 더 민감한 반응을 보였다. 취수유량을 줄이거나 밀도성층경사를 급하게 했을 때에는 선택취수 영역(withdrawal zone)의 수직방향 폭은 줄어드는 반면, X축으로의 영향범위는 증가함을 나타냈다. 취수유량을 증가시키거나 성층밀도경사를 완만히 했을 땐 선택취수 영역(withdrawal zone)의 수직방향 폭은 증가하였고 X축으로의 영향범위는 축소됨을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 Richardson 수로도 판단되어지는데, Richardson 수가 증가하면 유속에 비해 상대적으로 밀도성층경사가 크다는 것인데 이럴 경우 선택취수 영역(withdrawal zone)의 수직방향 폭 최대가 되고 선택취수 영역(withdrawal zone)의 수직방향 폭은 최소가 된다. 선택취수 영역(withdrawal zone)의 수직방향 폭이 최소가 되면 취수구 직경 D의 1.8배의 값을 가지고 Richradson 수가 최소가 되더라도 취수구 직경 D의 3.3배를 벗어나지 않는다는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다.링 목적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 영상수위계는 한강홍수통제소 관할의 전류, 청담대교 등 4개소 낙동강 홍수통제소 2개소, 지자체 등에 적용되었으며, 적용 결과 비교적 안정적이면서 정확하게 수위를 측정하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 기존 CCD 카메라 이외에 CCTV를 이용한 영상수위계를 개발하여 영상의 화질 개선뿐 아니라 하천화상 감시 기능을 강화하였다.소류의 섭취율은 높았다. 집단간의 상관도를 보면 교육별로 김치, 장아찌, 콩이 각각 p>0.5 수준에서 유의한 차가 없었고, 나머지는 유의한 차가 있었다. 연령별로는 멸치가 유의한 차가 없었고(p>0.5), 수입별로는 콩이 유의한 차가 없었다(p>0.5). 4. 영양지식(營養知識) 검토 가정생활(家庭生活)에 필요(必要)한 일반적(一般的)인 영양지식(營養知識)은 대체적으로 낮은 편이었다. 어린이 영양, 편식의 해로움, 비만증의 해로움, 임신부 그리고 수유부 영양에 대하여는 일반적으로 알고 있다고 하였으며, 그다음으로 이유기 영양, 어린이 발육에 필요한 식품, 식품과 영양소와의 관계, 우유의 성분, 노인영양에 대하여 잘 알고 있는 비율이 낮았으며, 인체의 영양소, 식단작성여부, 간식의 이론, 식품감별법에 대하여는 가장 낮은 비율을 나타냈다. 각 영양지식은 교육정도가 높을수록 영양지식이 높았고, 교육별 집단간의 유의한 차가 나타났다. (0.001

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.786-800
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• 2014

The aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the change of the diversity of the industrial structure, and regional employmentability and the intensification of regional competitiveness, and consequently, is to present policy implications. As a result of the analysis of the whole industry such as the primary, secondary and tertiary industry in Chungnam Province, the existing strategic implementation on the employmentability and regional competitiveness throughout the policy on the existing specialized industries can be regarded as appropriate. However, under the condition that danger and stability in each industry are fluctuated and the internal and external circumstances are varied, the detailed analysis and rapid policy prescription on the primary and tertiary industry are required. Along with these results, policy implications are as follows; Firstly, in terms of effectiveness, regional policy are simultaneously conducted along with industrial, technological and regional development's policies while consider ing complex and comprehensive characteristics of the regional industry and rapid changing the global market conditions. Secondly, with respect to equity, regional policy is needed to implement by reducing the socio-economic gap across regions and mixing regional and sectoral policies along with regional and local uniqueness.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2009

In Korea, Red pine(Pinus densiflora) stands at a very important place, historically, culturally, and emotionally and it is one of the tree species that can produce domestic timber as forest resources economically. The growing space for Red pine forest in Korea is gradually reducing while the space for deciduous tree forests including oak series is gradually increasing. Thus, it is required that the research work should be done on renewal for pine forest retention and its related forest management practices. This research aims at developing stable, sustainable management forests and inducing nature renewal by grasping growth environment and succession process through the pattern of stand and structure analysis of the red pine(Pinus densiflora) for central region. The pine forests in central region were classified into four communities, such as Acer pseudo-sibolianum, Quercus acutissima, Lindera erythrocarpa, and Pinus densiflora and they are showing different characteristics by pattern according to their growing district. There appeared a lot of red pines in the upper layer, but there existed high weight of broad-leaved forest tree species, such as oak series in the middle layer and the appearance of the red pine was meager in the lower layer. Therefore, it appears that the red pine has a high influential ecological strength in terms of correlativity; however, if the red pine in tree layer is dead by aging in nature state with the lapse of time, it is considered that oak species, such as Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, and Quercus serrata will be dominant below sub-tree layer. In addition, there appear differences in characteristics and growth pattern of the red pine forest depending on stand pattern, so it is considered that a differential application method should be employed in the pine forest management.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.193-196
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• 2019

The design and control of thermal flow is important for the operation of high-power laser diodes (LDs). It is necessary to analyze and improve the thermal bottleneck near the active layer of an LD. As the error in prediction of the thermal resistance of an LD is large, typically due to the hyperbolic increase and saturation to linear increase of the thermal resistance as a function of thickness, it is helpful to use a simple, modified divergence model for the improvement and optimization of thermal resistance. The characteristics of LDs are described quite well, in that the values for simulated thermal resistance curves and the thermal cross section followed are almost the same as the values from the model function. Also, the thermal-cross-section curve obtained by differentiating the thermal resistance is good for identifying thermal bottlenecks intuitively, and is also fitted quite well by the model proposed for both a typical LD structure and an improved LD with thin capping and high thermal conductivity.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.60-72
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• 2022

A number of wooden built heritage remain in Korea, and most have been damaged by various biological factors including termite. Owing to the irreversible damage caused by termites, wooden built heritage are losing their authenticity and structural stability. In this study, Area-Wide Integrated Termite Management(AW-ITM) was proposed to prevent termite damage. First, to understand the locational characteristics of these sites, the distance from adjacent forests and surrounding forest areas was analyzed for 182 national designated wooden built heritage(national treasures, treasures) using the Geographic Information System(GIS). By analyzing existing pest control projects(2003-2020) and the components of the ITM, the characteristics of termite control for cultural heritages were determined. Based on these results, the cultural heritage sites and their surrounding spaces were divided into three areas, and the types of cultural properties were divided into six types according to the location and number of buildings. Along with this, termite control measures were proposed for each area and type. The concept of AW-ITM has been partially applied to the "Comprehensive Control of Termites in wooden built heritages Sites" by the Cultural Heritage Administration. Caution must be taken with regard to the establishment of a cultural heritage management policy; AW-ITM should be applied on a trial basis with the results then being carefully analyzed and reflected in the establishment of policies pertaining to the conservation management of cultural heritage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2007

The centromere is a highly differentiated structure of the chromosome that fulfills a multitude of essential mitotic and meiotic functions. Alphoid DNA (${\alpha}$-satellite) is the most abundant family of repeated DNA found at the centromere of all human chromosomes, and chromosomes of primates in general. The most important parts in the development of Human Artificial Chromosomes (HACs), are the isolation and maintenance of stability of centromeric region. For isolation of this region, we could use the targeting hook with alphoid DNA repeat and cloned by Transformation-Associated Recombination (TAR) cloning technique in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method includes rolling-circle amplification (RCA) of repeats in vitro to 5 kb-length and elongation of the RCA products by homologous recombination in yeast. Four types of $35\;kb{\sim}50\;kb$ of centromeric DNA repeat arrays (2, 4, 5, 6 mer) are used to examine the stability of repeats in homologous recombination mutant strains (rad51, rad52, and rad54). Following the transformation into wild type, rad51 and rad54 mutant strains, there were frequent changes in inserted size. A rad52 mutant strain showed extremely low transformation frequency, but increased stability of centromeric DNA repeat arrays at least 3 times higher than other strains. Based on these results, the incidence of large mutations could be reduced using a rad52 mutant strain in maintenance of centromeric DNA repeat arrays. This genetic method may use more general application in the maintenance of tandem repeats in construction of HAC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

The concrete-filled tube column has the excellent structural performance. But it is difficult to connect with column and beam because of closed section. It suggests that pipe should be produced by welding two sides together where two shapes are joined after a channel is pre-welded onto the three sides in order to form an internal diaphragm. The upper diaphragm of the connection used the horizontal plate and the lower diaphragm used the Vertical plate. This research performed 6 monotonic tension experiments describing the connection upside and downside in order to evaluate the structural capability of the offered connection. And the cyclic loading experiment was performed about 2 T-Type column to beam connections. As to the experimental result edge cutting geometry, there was no big effect. An increase in the number of holes of the plate ultimate strength was increased by 5% and The thickness of the plate increases, the maximum strength was increased by 4%. T-Type connections until it reaches the plastic moment showed a stable behavior.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2583-2591
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• 2013

A number of cities have been constantly decreasing their residents by the low quality of life and environment. A creative industry is being noticed for not only securing the competitiveness of the city but also increasing the number of population. Thus, the urban structure for inducing creative industry population becomes to major issue to the most of local governments. This study aims to suggest the relationships between urban structure and creative industry population based on different urban sizes. To measure the population of creative industry, this study used the 'National Business Survey' by the National Statistical Office, which classified the statistical data of industrial places on a basis of city, district, and borough. Based on the results of expert questionnaire surveys, it conducted an analysis on the importance of urban structure and drew some critical factors that have an important effect on attracting the population of creative industry. The relationships between creative industry population and urban structure evaluated by multiple regression analysis. This study found out that the cultural factors like cultural space or culture events were drawn as very significant factors that have a positive effect on the population of creative industry population. It is judged that the creation of culture environment, which can enrich the creative industry, is needed to strengthen the competitiveness of the cities.