• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

This study was conducted to assess the relationship amongst serum ferritin, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic syndrome score (MSS) in Korean adults. The data of 16,096 adults (6,840 men as well as 4,916 premenopausal and 4,340 postmenopausal women) aged ${\geq}20years$ in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. The prevalence rate of MetS was 3,978 (24.7%) (men, 24.6%; premenopausal women, 11.1%; postmenopausal women, 40.3%). The key study results were as follows: First, after the adjustment for relevant variables, the serum ferritin level ($M{\pm}SE$) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the MetS group (men, $132.25{\pm}1.98ng/mL$; premenopausal women, $39.89{\pm}1.49ng/mL$; postmenopausal women, $73.45{\pm}1.14ng/mL$) than in the non-MetS group (men, $111.08{\pm}1.01ng/mL$; premenopausal women, $32.26{\pm}0.50ng/mL$; postmenopausal women, $63.26{\pm}0.98ng/mL$). Second, the serum ferritin levels increased as MSS increased in all groups (men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women) (p<0.001). In conclusion, MetS and MSS increases were positively associated with higher serum ferritin levels.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.313-333
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• 2020

This paper shows that when the exchange rate changes, there are conflicting effects on improving the quality and increasing market share of eco-friendly vehicles. In a vertically differentiated duopoly model consisting of high quality clean cars and low quality internal combustion engine cars, I set up a two-stage noncooperative game under perfect information that the quality levels and the prices of the cars are competitively determined. The vehicles are assumed to be produced in countries that use distinct currencies. When the exchange rate of the country that produces low quality cars rises, the producer prefers to intensify competition due to the relatively lowed cost, and the incentive for quality improvement arises from the intension of attempting to reduce the degree of differentiation of quality level. At this time, the clean car manufacturing firm tries to avoid competition due to weakened competitiveness, and increases the quality level to expand quality differentiation. However, in this case, the market share of eco-friendly vehicles shrinks. On the other hand, if the exchange rate changes in the opposite direction, the market share of eco-friendly vehicles is expected to increase, but the quality of both cars are deteriorated, causing a conflict effect.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the moderating effect of public health service utilization rate between public health resources and community mental health. The subjects included 144 local communities, from the data of 6th Community Health Plan and the 2015 Community Health Survey. Public health resources were measured by public health budget, public mental health budget and public mental health personnel; and mental health was measured by rate of perceived stress, rate of depressive mood and suicide rate. The hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify the moderating effects. The results were as followed. First, the effect of public mental health budget on rate of depressive mood was moderated by public health service utilization rate. Second, the effect of public mental health personnel on rate of depressive mood was moderated by public health service utilization rate. Third, the effect of public mental health personnel on suicide rate was also moderated by public health service utilization rate. Fourth, the effect of public health resources on mental health differed between the groups with high and low public health service utilization rate. In improving community mental health, the measures to improve the public health service utilization rate should be considered to ensure that reinforcing public health resources leads to the improvement of community mental health.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.101-115
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• 2014

This study examines if self-esteem mediates the relationship between marital satisfaction and parenting practice by using the Panel Study of Korean Children of Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, and empirically analyzes if household income causes the difference of mediating effect. For this research, the 3rd Panel Study of Korean Children (2010), including 1,802 children whose average age is 25.75 months (SD=1.37), is employed. Based on the preceding studies which demonstrated the effect of marital satisfaction on mothers' parenting behavior directly and indirectly, a research model is designed by predicting that marital satisfaction might have a positive effect on parenting practice through the mediation of self-esteem. Structuring equation was used to analyze the model as the appropriate research method. The result of the data analysis utilizing a structural equation model is as follows: Firstly, the higher the marital satisfaction of a mother is, the more it influences her positive child-rearing attitude, not only directly, but also indirectly through her self-worth. Secondly, the modifying effect in accordance with the level of the income of a household was found to be meaningful only in the influences of the marital satisfaction to the self-worth. This study result suggests that the enhancement of the self-worth of a mother will contribute to improving the quality of child-rearing, regardless of the level of the income of a household.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide the model for goal planning system and explore the affecting factors in suitability of goal planning system and possibility of goal attainment. The findings in a factor analysis of the sample of Korean firms indicate that the factors suggested by theories and previous studies can be summarized to 40 implications and then 7 groups including attachment of top managers, systemicity, participation system, motivation, alignment of top-down & bottom-up. adjustment for environmental changes, goal content. In addition, the findings in multiple regression analyses show that goal content, alignment of top-down & bottom-up, and adjustment for environmental changes are positively, significantly influence the recognition level of employees on the suitability of goal planning system. On the other hand, goal content, attachment of top managers, and motivation are significantly influence the recognition level of employees on the possibility of goal attainment. This study provides the checklist for the suitability of goal planning system and various implications for practitioners.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.111-136
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• 1997

정보시스템 기획(IS planning)은 경영환경의 변화로부터 야기되는 조직의 정보요구 를 제대로 파악함으로써 새로운 정보시스템의 구축이나 실행과정에 반영하는 중요한 과업중 의 하나이다. 하지만, 아직까지 정보요구를 반영한 정보시스템 기획유형에 관한 연구나 정 보시스템 기획의 효과성에 관한 영향에 대한 실증적인 연구가 없었다. 그리하여, 본 연구에 서는 기업의 경쟁력 강화 목표를 달성하기 위해 필요한 정보시스템의 효율적인 관리와 활용 을 위하여 정보시스템 기획에 관한 상황 이론적 접근을 시도하였다. 본 연구는 과업환경을 중심으로 발생하는 정보요구의 유형에 따라 정보시스템 계획을 어떻게 추진하는 것이 바람 직한 것인지를 파악하고, 정보시스템을 기획 시 정보요구 수준과의 적합성(fitness)에 따라 정보시스템 기획의 효과성은 어떻게 달라지는 지를 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구 에서 사용된 Construct와 변수들은 기존의 정보시스템 기획관련 문헌을 이용하였다. 본 연 구를 위하여 국내 매출액 1000대 기업을 대상으로 설문지를 우송하였으며, 그 중 187부가 회수되었다. 자료분석의 결과, 정보요구 수준과 정보시스템 기획유형간의 관련성은 긍정적 으로 관련되어 있었으며, 정보요구 수준에 따른 기획의 효과성에는 차이가 없었으나, 정보 시스템 기획유형에 따른 기획의 효과성은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 특히, 정보요구 수준과 정 보시스템 기획유형간의 적합성에 의한 정보시스템 기획의 효과성에 대한 t-test결과는 적합 한 조직(fit organization)보다는 적합하지 않은 조직(unfit organization)의 성과가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.성 형질전환 계통의 식물체 내에서의 바이러스 증식 및 이동과 관련된 저항성 기작, 여러 가지 PVY 계통에 대한 저항성 유무, 수량, 생육 특성 및 주요 화학 성분 함량 등을 발표하고자 한다.-glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었다. 아미노산은 Asp 및 Glu의 산성 아미노산과 Ala, Leu 등의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 비알칼리 추출물에서 Ser과 Thr의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS는 평균 분자량이 2,000 kD와 12kD에서 주 peak를 나타냈으며, 수용성 분획의 평균 분자량은 12kD이고 비수용성 분획은 36~2,000 kD의 평균 분자량 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. IR과 NMR 분석 결과 890 cm-1에서 흡수 peak를 나타내어 $\beta$-(1,3)0glucan과 $\beta$-(1,6)-glucan의 구조를 갖는 다당류로 확인 되었다. T-AS 분획은 C:H:O:N의 함량비가 38.9:5.7:49.6:1.84%이며, 이 물질의 융점은 163 $^{\circ}C$로 연한 갈색을 나타낸다. 분리된 GLG의 항암활성 기전 규명을 위해, in vivo 항암실험, 항보체 활성능, 항체 생성능, serum protein 분비능, 대식세포의 탐식능과 활성능 및 세포간 물질 분비 등의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 다당류 GLG 분획물들 가운데 항보체의 활성이 높았던 분획은 sarcome 180에 대한 항암 활성이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다. T-AS 분획은 mouse내의 특정

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2013

The state-of-arts of multiscale simulation (MSS) in science and engineering is briefly presented and MSS for process development (PD-MSS) is proposed to effectively apply the MSS to the process development. The four-level PD-MSS is composed of PLS (process-level simulation), FLS (fluid-level simulation), mFLS (microfluid-level simulation) and MLS (molecular-level simulation). Characteristics and methods of each level, as well as connectivity between the four levels are described. For example in PD-MSS, absorption column, fluidized-bed reactor, and adsorption process are introduced. For successful MSS, it is necessary to understand the multiscale nature in chemical engineering problems, to develop models representing physical phenomena at each scale and between scales, to develop softwares implementing mathematical models on computer, and to have strong computing facilities. MSS should be performed within acceptable accuracy of simulation results, available computation capacity, and reasonable efficiency of calculation. Macroscopic and microscopic scale simulations have been developed relatively well but mesoscale simulation shows a bottleneck in MSS. Therefore, advances on mesoscale models and simulation tools are required to accurately and reliably predict physical phenomena. PD-MSS will find its way into a sustainable technology being able to shorten the duration and to reduce the cost for process development.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of high school students' conceptual understanding about minerals and rocks. A questionnaire was developed to examine students' conceptions of minerals and rocks. The data were collected from 93 students in 10th and 119 students in 11th grades in a high school. The result showed that students' understanding of minerals and rock was on the moderate level. The 10th grade students showed a relatively lower level of understanding about igneous rocks while the degree of the 11th graders' understanding about certain concepts related with melting point in the rock domain was a little bit lower than the average. Although the understanding levels between the two grade levels were similar, there were some items for which students understanding seemed to be more sophisticated with the grade. In the questions about the characteristic of basalt surface, however, the frequencies of non-scientific conceptions were not decreased, rather increased along with the grade. It was also found that the conceptions students acquired from other science lessons as well as earth science classrooms did rather interfere with students' construction of the scientific concepts of minerals and rocks even though sometimes they were helpful for learning. It was suggested that the teachers should understand that some specific terms in earth science have different meanings as they were used in other subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1576-1584
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• 2013

This study is carried out to assess the relative effects of different doses of dietary glucose or fructose on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic metaflammation in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. KK/HlJ male mice were fed experimental diets as follows: 1) control (CON), 2) moderate glucose (MG, 30% of total calories as glucose), 3) high glucose (HG, 60% of total calories as glucose), 4) moderate fructose (MF, 30% of total calories as fructose), and 5) high fructose (HF, 60% of total calories as fructose) for three weeks. Food intake was not affected by treatments. Compared with HF, HG not only increased serum fasting glucose and area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test, but also decreased the levels of serum insulin and adiponectin. It indicated that glucose control was complicated via high glucose intake. High fructose treatment led to increased triglyceride in the serum and liver. In comparison to HG, high fructose diet activated NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome consisting of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), NLRP3 and caspase 1, which increases interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ maturation and secretion. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was accompanied by increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and IL-6. However, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and pro-inflammatory cytokines did not differ between CON and HG. These data suggested that dietary fructose triggers hepatic metaflammation accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and has deleterious effects on NAFLD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2003

최근 소득수준의 향상과 여성의 사회진출로 인해 우리의 식생활도 많은 부분이 사회화되고 있다. 즉 완전조리식품과 반조리식품이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 기존의 인스탄트식품이 저가격, 반건강 특성으로 생각되어진 반면 최근 고가의 건강 지향적인 반조리식품으로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 경향은 식품가공기술 및 식품포장기술의 향상과 사회적요구에 부합된 결과로 사료된다. 이에 대표적인 경우가 다양한 소스류의 상품화 경향이다. 본 연구개발 사업에서 이루어지는 냉면소스도 가정에서 하기에는 번거롭고, 건강지향적 식생활로 메밀의 수효가 증가하여 냉면의 소비가 증가하리라 생각된다. 현재 시판되고 있는 기존의 몇몇의 제품들이 있기는 하나 제조공정, 보존상태 등에서 많은 문제점이 있다. 따라서 문헌 통하여 기존제품의 배합비를 조사하고, 냉면소스 배합비의 최적화를 위해 10여차례에 걸쳐 20종류의 소스에 대하여 배합비의 변화와 관능검사에 의해 배주스, 양파, 겨자, 마늘, 설탕, 물엿, 소금, 미원, 참기름, 고춧가루, 진간장, 생강즙, 식초, 파인애플로 구성된 소스를 개발하였다. 개발된 소스의 pH, 당도, 염도, 색차를 측정하여 관능검사의 결과와 비교 검토하였고, 식품재료의 차이에 의한 맛의 변화를 보정하기 위한 근거로 사용하였다. 저장성 검사를 위해 일반세균과 대장균을 검사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 소비자들의 기호에 맞는 냉면소스를 개발하기 위해 다양한 식품의 배합을 시도하여 상품성이 있을 것으로 판단되는 recipe를 완성하였고, 일반인(주부)들을 상대로 한 호감도 조사에서도 좋은 성적을 나타내었다. 시료를 1주간격으로 한달간 실험한 결과 쇠고기가 들어 있는 제품을 제외하구 대장균은 검출되지 않았으며 일반세균은 위생법의 허용치내에 있었다. 쇠고기가 있는 제품은 가격상승과 저장성에 문제가 있어 이를 제하고 최종적인 레시피를 결정하였다.있었다. 그러나 식이 섭취상태와의 관련성은 나타나지 않았다. 이상에서 생활습관이 신체계측치 및 혈중 지질 농도와 일부 상관을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 건강위험 요인도 관찰할 수 있었다. 고지혈증은 심혈관계질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 알려져 있으며, 그 유발 요인에는 여러 환경적인 요인과 식이 요인이 있다. 또한 생활습관은 영양소의 섭취량에도 영향을준다. 이처럼 식이 요인과 생활습관은 단독 혹은 상호 영향을 주게 되므로 고지혈증 및 심혈관계질환을 개선하려면 식사요법과 생활습관 교정을 병행하여야 한다. 고지혈증의 원인 중의 하나로 지적되고 있는 음주와 흡연은 상호 유도작용이 있으므로 금연이나 절주를 하고자 할 경우 두가지를 동시에 자제해야 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. 폐경후 여성들에게 발생 빈도가 높은 심혈관질환의 위험요인인 고지혈증을 예방하고자 하는 노력은 폐경후 여성들의 삶의 질적 향상을 위해서도 매우 중요하다. 또한 균형식 섭취와 운동을 통해 혈중 지질 수준을 건강하게 유지하고, 비만으로의 이행을 방지함으로써 심혈관계질환을 예방하도록 하여야겠다.료보다 절반이하 수준이었다. Ferric citrate는 차이가 거의 없었으며 ferrous lactate는 70%수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 철분강화우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염은 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate였는데 특히 ferrous lactate는 제품의 이화학적 품질, 생이용성 측면 모두에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다. investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the inves