• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2019

This study investigates the decision-making processes of Iranian women in their twenties who purchased Hallyu beauty and fashion products. We conducted ten in-depth interviews of Hallyu enthusiasts who previously purchased Hallyu products. Interviewees were recruited using a snowball sampling technique based on nonprobability sampling. Interviews were conducted in the 1:1 in-depth interview format for one hour of each interview from April 11, 2017, to May 14, 2017, using semi-structured questionnaires, and recorded with consent. Our analysis of the characteristics of consumption behaviors of the women used seven steps of the purchase decision-making process. This study used interviews to analyze the following questions. Research Question 1. What is the decision process for Iranian women's consumer products purchase? Research Question 2. What are the characteristics and meaning of each stage of Iranian women's consumer decision-making process? Data collection in this study was limited to participants in their twenties; however, this research will be helpful for future Hallyu and Iranian consumer analysis. A follow-up study should examine the purchasing decisions of women in additional age groups in order to generalize the results.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.418-430
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze consumers' purchase decision-making process of buying avatar fashion items on the Metaverse platform. Drawing on the connection between the self-expression tendency of the MZ generation and that of avatars in the Metaverse, this study uses a qualitative research method to analyze how consumers express their self-image through the appearance of their avatars. Unlike previous studies on the clothing purchase decision-making process, this study shows that purchasing and consumption behavior involve the following six stages: recognizing desire, collecting information, evaluating alternatives, making purchases, evaluating the consumption, and post-purchase action-taking. In the first stage of the purchase decision-making process, consumers' desire arises with self-image expression and confirmation. In the second stage, consumers have a high tendency to shop in the best item category. In the alternative evaluation stage, consumers tend to seek items that match their highest standard while considering their personal preferences. In the fourth stage, when making actual purchases, unplanned purchase behavior often occurs along with an active practice of alternative evaluation. In the fifth stage, the evaluation of the consumption shows that consumers achieve satisfaction by applying a style to their avatars that they are unable to try in the real world. In the last stage, consumers often use their purchases to communicate their various styles with other online consumers. Therefore, we conclude that the online purchase decision-making process differs from the offline process as it is divided into six stages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.141-154
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to define 'sponsorship' as a kind of advertising tool, and to describe its effects on consumer brand attitude and actual purchase behavior. From previous research results, clothing sponsorship was defined as 'indirect advertisement', which has common ad traits as well as the uncommon ad traits, such as indirectness, emotional affinity, and symbolism. Results from empirical research using 1,227 data collected in Seoul and Kyounggi Areas were as follows ; (1) Television drama clothing sponsorship was proved to have effects on brand image, emotional & rational brand attitudes, decision making process, and actual purchase behavior. (2) Each of drama clothing sponsorship factors, such as 'drama', 'role', and 'actress', had different effects on brand memory and attitudes. (3) Consumer decision making process initiated by drama clothing sponsorship followed two different processes, which were called 'rational' and 'heuristic'. The rational process followed every steps of EKB model, which explained consumer's rational shopping, but heuristic model was closer to emotional and impulsive shopping.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.245-256
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• 2013

This study illustrates factors that determine consumer types based on ways in which they alternate between online and offline channels for searching and eventually buying their desired products. This study conducted an online survey targeting 1,040 consumers. As per the study, consumer types fall into five groups: 1) on-on type(online search${\rightarrow}$online buying), 2) off-off type(offline search${\rightarrow}$offline buying), 3) on-off type(online search${\rightarrow}$offline buying), 4) off-on type(offline search${\rightarrow}$online buying), and, 5) on-off-on type(online search${\rightarrow}$ offline search${\rightarrow}$nline buying). The primary factors that determine how the different consumer types switch between online and offline channels are price orientation, convenience orientation,, risk-aversion orientation, and channel familiarity. Although they feel cross-channel shopping can be cumbersome, the findings show that cross-channel consumers would gladly switch channels to buy cheaper and proven products. The findings of this study will be useful for businesses that have both online and offline channels and point out the theoretical aspects of the decision-making process as consumers switch between channels.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.16
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• pp.99-121
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• 2003

In consumer research area, familiarity has been frequently mentioned with relation to customers' product information processing and choice behavior. However, the familiarity has been utilized initially in this paper to examine if the relationship between consumers' evaluations of attributes of an internet shopping mall and their inquiry and purchase intentions on there is affected significantly by the degree of familiarity. The results have shown that the relationship between levels of the safety, the functional convenience, and the tangibility attribute of an internet shopping mall and consumers' willingness to inquire about/purchase products on there is affected significantly by the degree of familiarity. Interestingly, the relationship between the tangibility attribute of a mall and customers' inquiry willingness on there is not impacted significantly by the familiarity. Thus, we conclude that our model and hypotheses have been supported quite strongl.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.69-90
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• 2007

This study is set out to investigate the factors that influence customers' behavior of choice and switching between online and offline channels, separating the purchase decision into two stages, i.e., information search and purchase. Factors influencing channel choice are found to differ from stage to stage. The main results of this study are as follows. At the information search stage, customers' channel knowledge had impacts on the choice of the channel. Customers are more likely to visit offline bookstores when they have hedonic shopping orientation and higher involvement level with books. On the contrary, customers are more apt to search online when they have a lot of online shopping experiences. At the purchase stage, the results varied according to the search channel. When customers search for information online, the following variables lead to online purchases: online shopping experiences with books, price-focused shopping orientation, and time availability for shopping. Perceived risk made customers purchase offline even though they searched online. In case of offline searching, customers with more convenience-focused, hedonic-focused shopping orientation and less tim availability purchased offline.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.107-113
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• 2000

최근 인터넷 사용 증가는 물론 그에 따른 인터넷 사이트의 증가가 가히 폭발적이라고 할 수 있다. 전자상거래도 인터넷 사용증가에 힘입어 더욱 증가 추세에 있으며 관광산업 또한 예외는 아니다. 호텔에서도 웹사이트를 구축하여 온라인 예약과 각종 서비스에 필요한 정보를 제공하고 있으며 점차 온라인 예약이 증가추세이다. 하지만 인터넷 웹사이트의 급격한 증가는 풍부하고 다양한 정보를 제공한다는 긍정적인 면과 함께 정보과다(information overload)로 인해 정보 검색 등에 많은 시간과 비용이 요구되는 문제를 낳았다. 위와 같은 환경에서 사용자를 대신하여 원하는 정보를 찾아주는 역할을 수행하는 에이전트(agent)의 개념이 도입되었다. 현재 전자상거래 분야에서 활용 중인 에이전트는 구매자가 직접 판매자와 접촉하여 자신에게 필요한 여러 가지정보를 얻고 필요에 따라서는 협상 등을 진행한 후 최종 거래를 성사시키는 ‘사람과 사람간의 일 대 일 거래 과정’중 일부분만을 지원하고 있는 실정이다. 이와 같은 현존 에이전트의 문제점을 보완하기 위해서 구매자와 판매자를 대표하는 에이전트를 개발하고 이들 에이전트간의 직접적인 정보교환, 가격협상 및 이를 바탕으로 한 의사결정까지의 거래 모델을 수립하는 것이 필요하다고 인식된다. 따라서 본 연구는 인터넷상에서 구매자와 판매자간의 거래를 대행하는 인터넷 다중 에이전트(Internet Multi-Agents)의 개발을 위한 개념적 거래 모델을 연구하고, 이를 호텔 예약 분야에 응용하기 위한 각 에이전트의 필요 조건 및 기능을 제시하고자 한다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-66
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• 1995

본 논문은 전력수요와 내구재의 구매를 결정하는 과정을 모형화하고 소득효과를 추정해 보기 위한 것이다. 효용극대화 원리에 기초하여 개인의 의사결정과 관련된 동시성을 규명하고, 이를 논리적으로 설명할 수 있는 모형을 설정함으로써 전력소비와 관련된 보다 정밀한 정보를 얻을 수 있음을 보이고 있다. 소득효과를 추정하는데 있어서 소득이 소비에 주는 영향을 단기와 장기로 나누어 추정한다. 단기의 경우에는 내구재 보유수준이 정해져 있기 때문에 이용율만 상승한다. 그러나 어느 정도 시간이 지나면 효용을 극대화하기 위하여 내구재 보유수준을 높이고 이에 따라 소비수준이 더 늘어나게 된다는 가설을 미시자료(micro data)를 통해 실증적으로 분석한다. 소득효과는 계절별로, 그리고 소득계층별로 보이는 다양한 분포를 추정한다.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.248-260
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• 2002

The purpose of this study were 1) to examine underlying dimensions of two aspects of attitudes - cognitive beliefs and consumption feelings of well-known name brand apparel and 2) to examine predictiveness of those two variables in predicting buying intentions of well-known name brand apparel. The data were collected through questionnaire from convenient samples of 207 female college students. Statistical analysis of factor analysis, t-test and multiple regression analysis were performed in analysing the data. The major findings were as fellows: 1. The dimensions of evaluation criteria of well-known name brand apparel were design/brand name, clothing construction, and practicality. 2. The dimensions of consumption feelings were pleasure/confidence, active and regret. 3. In predicting buying intension of name brand apparel, consumption feelings fecund to be as more robust predictors than cognitive variables.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 2018

As fashion and distribution companies have increasingly turned to implementing marketing activities that use omni-channel strategies, it is imperative to explore consumer-oriented evaluations of omni-channel shopping for fashion products. Through contributing to the growing research flow of consumer behavior within omni-channel contexts, the current study explores consumer motivations for omni-channel fashion shopping and their impacts on the decision-making stages of fashion products. The authors first performed in-depth interviews with six Korean consumers and confirmed the four types of consumer motivation for omni-channel shopping, and how decision-making processes react to fashion companies' omni- channel marketing strategies. These findings were used to set survey items for the main study. Based on the results and findings of previous literature, an online survey was conducted with 300 participants who had actual experience with omni-channel shopping for fashion products. The statistic results from the survey revealed the following: First, the in-depth interviews allowed the authors to confirm four factors of omni-channel shopping motivation (ubiquity, efficiency, convenience, and impulsiveness). Second, the survey showed the authors that among the four factors of omni-channel shopping orientation, impulsiveness had the greatest effect on consumer behaviors at the preand on-purchase stages, while the ubiquity factor had the greatest effect at the post-purchase stage. As such, the study empirically tested the omni-channel-specific factors of shopping orientation and motivation. In addition, it showed the effect of omni-channel marketing on various stages of the decision- making process and the study's limitations and implications were discussed.