• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.117-128
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• 2016

In order to extend FOO, this research has the object to demonstrate existing the difference of transferred essence and value between the types of factories(Original factory vs Extended factory). A safety product should save consumers from possible harm or risk, but it sometimes gives directly some damage to consumers. For example, like the issue of a germicide problem in 2016, a germicide killed consumers because of harmful chemistry even it should kept their health. This situation refer to 'Safety product betrayal', we expected that safety product betrayal presence/absence conditions moderate the relationship between types of factories, transferred essence and value. We selected a car air-bag as a safety product for study and implemented one study with total 213 participants. As a result, the participants evaluated the value of an air-bag manufactured throughout an original factory higher than the value of an air-bag manufactured throughout an extended factory. Futhermore, they evaluated the transferred brand essence of an original factory's air-bag higher than an extended factory's. However, in the safety product betrayal presence condition, the difference of value and transferred essence between an original factory and an extend factory was disappeared. Indeed, once consumers experienced or saw safety product betrayal, they avoided to buy or use safety products. Therefore, consumers evaluated the value and transferred essence of betrayed safety products is low without the types of manufacturing factories. From the past to now, there was no paper about the relationship between the types of manufacturing factories(Orignal factory vs Extended factory) and safety product betrayal in Korea. Therefore, this research on FOO and safety product betrayal can give new theoretical and operational contribution. In the conclusion, we discussed the contribution of the study results and proposed the limitation and future study.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-172
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• 2012

While e-commerce market(B2C) grows rapidly, many experts argue that EC(B2C) transactions have not reached its full potential. A notable difference between online and offline consumer markets that is suppressing the growth of EC(B2C) is the decreased presence of human and social elements in the online shopping environments. Generally online shopping lacks human warmth and sociability. In this study, social presence in online shopping mall was proposed as a substitute for face-to-face social interaction in the traditional commerce and author explored what variables affect social presence(human warmth and sociability) on online shopping malls and how human warmth and sociability can influence on online store loyalty. To achieve research objectives, we reviewed literatures related with marketing, psychology and communication research areas. Based on literature review, we proposed a research model on the online shopping mall. To examine the proposed research model, we gathered data by using a self-report questionnaire. Respondents consists of online shoppers with at least five or more times of purchase experience in online shopping malls. Because social presence is a feeling which needs frequent contacts with malls to experience, respondents must have enough purchase experiences. The empirical results are as follows : First, shopping mall's customization efforts influence perceived social presence on the mall significantly. Second, shopping mall's responsiveness influences perceived social presence significantly. Third, perceived activity of community of online shopping mall influences perceived social presence significantly. Mall managers have to activate their customer community to reinforce social presence, resulting in trust building. Finally, perceived social presence influences trust and enjoyment on the mall significantly. And then trust and enjoyment on the mall affect store loyalty significantly. From these findings it can be inferred that perceived social presence appears determinant which is critical to the formation of core variables(trust and loyalty) in existing online shopping papers.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1990

Some preliminary studies were conducted to find out whether the levee-burning could justifiable for the suppression of insect pests, particularly the smaller brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus F.). Density surveys on pests and their enemies (mostly spiders) were carried out upto the mid May at an experimental paddy field located in Suwon after of it's levee $(72\times1m)$ was burned on Feb. 20, 1987. Results were discussed in relation to density recovering of both pests and their possible enemies (spiders) and summarized as below. Not a single individual of any pest or enemy was found from the levee upto sometime after the levee-burning. Grasses started to grow more vigorously in burned ares than in unburned upto about 60 days after the burning. And densities of both pest and enemies grew higher in burned areas than in unburned from about 75 days after the burning (in Early may). It is suspected that all individuals of pests and enemies fond from the burned areas could have immigrated from the surrounding areas. If levee-burning was carried out in much wider areas, much longer time would be needed to recover the density of both pests and enemies to the center region of the burning. Wingless spiders would require even longer time than winged pest species to re-establish in the center region of the widely burned field. Pirata subpiraticus, the most abundant spider species in Korean paddy fields, starts to move about and searches for food at above $9^{\circ}C$ which is somewhat lower than the critical temperature for the pest species. Thus P. subpiraticus would require more food than other pest species early in the spring, and therefore, it would have lower probability to survive than pest species particularly in burned areas. Experiments for pest suppression with levee-burning would better be carried on in much wider areas, and its justification seems to be discussed after man other disciplines related to both pests and their natural enemies were throughly studied together with their density surveys. However, according to the present point of vie, the opinion that levee-burning is helpful for controlling pests which over winter on levee areas could not be justifiable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1873-1880
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to survey intention to purchase home meal replacement (HMR) made with eco-friendly food ingredients as well as need for development while analyzing importance and performance of HMR made with eco-friendly ingredients for its commercialization. From September 2014 to March 2015, questionnaires were filled out by respondents. Of the 422 questionnaires that were returned, 412 were used with 10 discarded as incomplete. Regarding reasons behind purchasing HMR, the highest percentages of both males and females answered 'ready to eat'. Almost all respondents spent 'less than 10,000 won' each time they purchased HMR. Regarding place they bought HMR, a higher percentage of respondents answered 'convenience store' and 'discount retail chain store'. In terms of improvements needed for HMR, the highest percentage of males answered 'development of a variety of menus' while the highest percentage of females answered 'change in food ingredients' at 37.7%. For development of HMR made with eco-friendly ingredients, most respondents replied that there is a need for development. Regarding intention for purchasing HMR made with eco-friendly ingredients, 66.7% of males and 73.5% of females answered they have intention to buy. Important performance analysis showed a need to improve performance of 'safety of food ingredients', which was located close to the second quadrant. To improve performance for 'safety of food ingredients', safety must be ensured through use of eco-friendly ingredients, and a systematic process for managing hazardous materials that could arise during the manufacturing process has to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze university student' perception of the price of coffee shops using price sensitivity measurements. The questionnaires were distributed to 640 university students in Changwon, Korea from March 13 to April 8, 2011. A total 571 were used for the final analysis, which excluded improperly-completed questionnaires. The results of this study were as follows. Indifference prices (IDPs) were \2,200 for on-campus coffee shops and \2,850 for off-campus coffee shops. The optimum price points (OPP) were \2,300 for on-campus coffee shops and \2,850 for off-campus coffee shops. The price stress range (PSR) was \100 (\2,200~2,300) for on-campus coffee shops and \0 (\2,850~2,850) for off-campus coffee shops. The point of marginal cheapness (PMC) was \1,100 for on-campus coffee shops and \1,500 for off-campus coffee shops, whereas the point of marginal expensiveness (PME) was \3,600 for on-campus coffee shops and \4,100 for off-campus coffee shops. The ranges of acceptable prices (RAP) were \2,500 (\1,100~3,600) for on-campus coffee shops and \2,600 (\1,500~4,100) for off-campus coffee shops. On the basis of IDP percentage, university students were more sensitive to off-campus coffee shops than on-campus coffee shops. In contrast, on the basis of PSR and RAP, university students were more sensitive to on-campus coffee shops than off-campus coffee shops. Therefore, the price increase for an americano should be recommended to be from \1,100 to \3,600 for on-campus coffee shops and from \1,500 to \4,100 for off-campus coffee shops. The manager of on-campus coffee shops should be careful when increasing the prices, and the manager of off-campus coffee shops should make it possible for customers to perceive service quality.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2001

This study aims to compare and analyze the environment of natural parks and Ulleung island using the plant taxa classified by five degrees based on their distributional ranges. The scores differentially given based on the importance of each degree; taxa belonging to the fifth degree are given to 20 scores each, fourth 10, third 5, second 3.3, and first 2.5, respectively. The total assessed scores were ranked as Mt. Halla, Seorak, Jiri, Deokyu, Is. Ulleung, Mt. Sobaek, Odae, Palgong, Chink, Taebaek, Songni, Juwang, Gaya, Duryun, Gaeryong, Bukhan, Naebyeon, Worak, Naejang, Cheongryang, Naeyeon, Myeongii, Jokye, Mudeung, Wolchul, Geumo, Juheul, Biseul, Hwangmae, Jangan, Seonun, Moak, Seonam, Chilgap, and Gibaek, in order, respectively. It is suggested that the natural environments assessing more than 1,000 of total scores such as Mt. Halla and Mt. Deokyu are regarded as the most excellent ones, and those between 700 to 1,000 of total scores such as Is. Ulleung and Mt. Odae are regarded as relatively excellent ones. Natural parks scored between 500 to 700 such as Mt. Palgong and Mt. Gaya are regarded as good ones and parks scored between 300 to 500 such as Mt. Duryun and Mt. Mudeung are regarded as normal ones. The area assessed less than 300 of total scores such as Mt. Wolchul and Mt. Gibaek are regarded as the most inferior ones. The total scores of the national parks are generally higher than those of the provincial and county parks. In addition, Ulleung island has a total of 882.9 scores. Therefore, according to the IUCN the Ulleung island should be included in the criterion of the preservative model of natural ecosystem, suggested by Ministry of Environment. At the same time, Ulleung island should be included to the superior model of natural scenery resources by its uniqueness of topography, geography and natural environments. Ulleung island is assessed as having relatively excellent natural environments as compared with other national parks, suggesting that the island should be designated as a new national park.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2012

It was carried out to detect anti-impotence drug-like compounds, sibutramine and their analogues in dietary supplements, which are doubtful whether they include illegal compounds. A total of 51 food products were bought online and have been investigated. The separation was achieved on a C18 column, with the mobile phase made up of water (5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate and 0.1% phosphoric acid) and 95% acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with gradient elution using by HPLC-DAD. The UV signals were monitored at 220 nm and 291 nm. LC-ESI-tandom MS was utilized to confirm that detected compounds in samples are the same as the reference materials. Two nutrient supplement foods and ginseng products were found to contain 1.3-82.1 mg of sildenafil, dimethylthiolsildenafil and pseudovardenafil per serving size. In addition, two other processed products were detected to contain 1.7 and 2.2 mg of didesmethylsibutramine, derived from sibutramine per serving size.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2000

This study has analyzed soft contact lens care-after-sale and periodic examinations at optical shops and eye clinics. And I wish to make that use of educational data for the soft contact lens lesson of the department of ocular optics. This questionnaire studied the status of care for soft contact lens and periodic examination, of students who wears soft contact lens. The results are as follows: First, 7.5% of students questioned wore soft contact lens. More women than men wore soft contact lens. The soft contact lens wearers purchased lens mainly at optical shops. 78.5% of them wore daily wear lens. Because of cosmetic advantages of soft contact lens. 47.9% of them wore soft contact lens. 72.5% of them wore soft contact lens less than 12 hours per a day. 32.0% of them has worn soft contact lens more than 6 months less than 1 year. 51.1% of them experienced irritation. 39.7% of them have exchanged soft contact lens between 6 and 9 months. Secondly, when purchasing lenses. 60% of soft contact lens wearers were given instructions of general care, such as duration of wearing lens, how to remove protein, how to store, and how to sterilize at both of eye clinics and optical shops. But the proportion of instructions, such as side effects and periodic examination which were given to soft contact lens wearers, is lower both at eye clinics and optical shops. Especially at optical shops, the proportion of instruction for periodic examination, is lower than at eye clinics(p<0.05). Thirdly, The proportion of operations of periodic examinations after use of soft contact lens both at eye clinics and optical shops, is low. The soft contact lens wearers have had more periodic examinations at eye clinics than at optical shops. But the rate of non-periodic examination at optical shop is 87.9%. And for periodic examinations, general care was done at optical shops. On the other hand, eye examinations, general care, and treatments were done more at eye clinics. Fourthly, 60.3% of the soft contact lens wearers understood the necessity of the periodic examinations, but actually, only 6.4% of them were given the schedule for the periodic examinations, and 2.5% of them were given at an optical shop(p<0.01).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop a diabetic-oriented convenience flood using 7 medicinal plants (Schisandra chinensis, Coix lachryma-jobi, Dioscorea batatas, Ophipogon japonicus, Lyicium chinense, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum) and chicken. Portion size was 310g, total calorie was 551.6 kcal and carbohydrate, lipid and protein were consisted of 53.0%, 20.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Calcium, zinc and iron content were 268.9mg, 5.4mg and 6.1mg, respectively. Crude fiber content was 22.9g. In sensory evaluation, the scores of taste, color, texture and overall acceptability were higher than normal diabetic meal. Hypoglycemic effect of the device meal for diabetic persons was excellent compared to that of normal diabetic meal. The above results indicate that the 7 medicinal plants can be used as functional ingredients fur diabetic-oriented convenience flood industry. Also, device meal can be used as ready-prepared food for weight control.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

Video camera can be a useful tool to capture images for use in colorimeter. However the RGB signals generated by different video camera are not equal for the same scene. The video camera for use in colorimeter is characterized based on the CIE standard colorimetric observer. One method of deriving a colorimetric characterization matrix between camera RGB output signals and CIE XYZ tristimulus values is least squares polynomial modeling. However it needs tedious experiments to obtain camera transfer matrix under various white balance point for the same camera. In this paper, a new method to obtain camera transfer matrix under different white balance by using 3${\times}$3 camera transfer matrix under a certain white balance point is proposed. According to the proposed method camera transfer matrix under any other white balance could be obtained by using colorimetric coordinates of phosphor derived from 3${\times}$3 linear transfer matrix under the certain white balance point. In experimental results, it is demonstrated that proposed method allow 3${\times}$3 linear transfer matrix under any other white balance having a reasonable degree of accuracy compared with the transfer matrix obtained by experiments.