• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.570-579
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• 2015

Lindera sericea, which belongs to genus Lindera in the Lauraceae family, is labeled under Least Concerned (LC) among Korean rare plants, floristics specific species IV grade and also flagpole species of the Mudeung National Park. It is distributed in Mt. Mudeung, Mt. Cheonbong and Mt. Chogye within gradients from $12^{\circ}$ to $51^{\circ}$. The slope area is from northeast to northwest sides and the altitude range of distribution site is between 220 m and 533 m. The vascular plants in the quadrate where Lindera sericea were studied were identified as a total of 72 taxa; 37 families, 54 genera, 66 species, 5 variants and 1 forma. Among the floristics specific species, IV grade species was Lindera sericea and III grade species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Acer palmatum. Korean endemic species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Carex okamotoi. As for the vegetation group, Quercus mongolica and Q. serratak - Lindera sericea, Styrax japonicus populations were found in Mt. Mudeung area where Lindera sericea appeared, Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Cheonbong areas, Carpinus laxiflora - Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Chogye area, and Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Songgwangsa area. A total number of 662 Lindera sericea individuals were examined. The number of trees with 1 trunk including younger individuals was 353 (53.32%), and the number of trees with 2 to 5 stems was 270 (40.79%). The number of trees with the greatest number of sprouts was 27. Of 662 trees in total, the total number of sprouts was 1,198. Among these, 699 trees (58.34%) were between 50 cm and 150 cm in height. The tallest tree was 585 cm. The most common root-collar diameter of sprouts (992, 82.81%) was under 1 cm, followed by the sprouts with collar diameter from 1.0 to 1.5 cm(156, 13.2%). Among them, the largest root-collar diameter was 3.2 cm. This Lindera sericea specimen had the tallest trunk (565 cm) which was torn lengthwise on one side. Its root and breast parts were decayed by 50% and 25 respectively. Some branches of the three trunks that were more than 4 m in length were dead in the apical portion. Therefore, it is proposed that the Korean Lindera sericea maintains an apical dominance tree type while showing morphological adaptation as a typical shrub because it autonomously decays some branches and trunks over a certain height while increasing the number of its sprouts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the ecological characteristics of Namhan Mountain Fortress Walls vascular plants through investigation and analysis of Namhan Mountain Fortress Walls and to provide basic data when establishing a plan for conservation and management of Namhansanseong Fortress Wall vascular plants. The result of this survey revealed 249 taxa composed of 77 families, 169 genera, 222 species, 5 subspecies, 19 varieties and 3 forms. In terms of life form of Namhan Mountain Fortress Walls, the appearance rate of Hemicryptophytes(H) was high. Rare plants was 1 taxa and Korea endemic plants was 5 taxa. The total number of floristic regional indicator plants was 15 taxa, gradeI 9 taxa, gradeII 2 taxa, gradeIII 3 taxa, gradeIV 1 taxa. Among them, Polygala tatarinowii Regel is considered to the most important(gradeIV), and it is first description because in Gyeonggi-do, as no additional forms have been confirmed other than this site. Plants identified as rock vegetation were found in 21 taxa. Invasive alien plants were identified 20 taxa. Plants distributed on the walls of Namhan Mountain Fortress, such as Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai, Clematis heracleifolia DC. var. tubulosa (Turcz.) Kuntze, Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba and Polygala tatarinowii Regel etc, are feared to decrease the number of species and individuals due to the loss of walls, the spread of invasive alien plant and human interference, so conservation and management measures are needed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1990

An interactive computer program has been developed to design a pattern and risers for the production of castings of high quality. In our system, the user models the shape of a final product by using the system's modeling capability, a pattern is generated in a three dimensional model by eliminating the holes and adding shrinkage allowances and drafts, the proper riser is created automatically, and they are united together to yield the three dimensional model of the portion of a mold assembly. The mold can be completed after the runners and the gating systems are designed, modeled, and united, which will be described in part 2 of this work. The unique feature of this work is a realization of an automatic design of the pattern and risers by integrating the modeling capabilities and the design equations used in the real practice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2016

현재 댐운영 계획 수립 시 매월 유지해야 하는 저수량의 범위를 나타낸 기준수위가 사용되고 있으며 매년 홍수기 말에 현재의 수문 상황과 장래의 전망을 통한 시기별 연간, 월간 댐운영 계획을 수립하고 있다. 물관리의 이수측면에서 댐수위 운영계획 수립과 홍수기 운영목표 수위를 결정하는데 활용하기 위해서는 계절단위, 연단위의 기상정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기상청에서 운영하고 제공하는 전지구 계절예측시스템 GloSea5(Global Seasonal forecasting system version 5)자료를 활용하여 금강유역에 적용하고자 하였다. GloSea5는 전지구계절예측시스템으로 대기(UM), 지면(JULES), 해양(NEMO), 해빙(CICE)모델이 서로 결합되어 하나의 시스템으로 구성되어 있으며 공간 수평해상도는 N216($0.83^{\circ}{\times}0.56^{\circ}$)으로 중위도에서 약60km이다. Hindcast자료는 유럽중기예보센터(ECMWF)에서 생산된 ERA-Interim 재분석장을 대기 모델의 초기장으로 사용하며 기간은 1996~2009년의 총 14년이다. 예보자료의 검증은 예보의 질을 결정하는 과정으로 Brier Skill Score (BSS), Reliability Diagrams, Relative Operating, Characteristics (ROC)등을 통해 정확성과 오차에 의한 예보의 성능을 검증하였다. 또한 Glosea5의 통계적 상세화를 수행하여 다양한 변수가 갖는 계통적인 지역 오차를 보정함으로써 자료의 신뢰도를 향상시키고자 하였으며 이는 이후 수문모델과의 연계 시 보다 정확하고 효율적인 댐운영에 활용할 수 있는 기후예측정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2018

차꼬리고사리(Asplenium trichomanes L.)는 남방계식물로 제주도에 자생하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 잎에 광택이 있고 총생하는 식물이다. 주로 실내 외 조경 및 분화소재로 이용되며, 한방에서는 철각봉미초라하여 뿌리를 포함한 전초를 이질, 임병, 만성질염, 월경불순 및 요통의 약재로 사용한다. 또한 식물구계학적 특정식물종 IV급, 적색자료목록 준위협 (NT)에 분류된 식물로 보호가 필요하다. 본 연구는 차꼬리고사리의 대량생산을 위한 기내전엽체 증식 및 기외포자체 형성조건을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 실험재료는 포자를 기내 발아시켜 전엽체를 획득한 다음 8주 간격으로 계대하면서 확보하였다. 전엽체의 증식과 생육에 적합한 배지를 비교하고자, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2MS와 Knop배지를 조성하여 배양하였다. 배양은 전엽체 300mg을 메스로 균일하게 다지는 방법을 이용하였으며, 배양환경은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 광도 $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 광주기 16/8h(light/dark)로 조절되었다. 실험결과, 1MS배지에 배양된 전엽체의 생체중이 4.3g으로 가장 많이 증가하였다. 형태형성발달도 하트형의 전엽체로 정상적으로 유도되었으며, 생식기관도 관찰되었다. 전엽체로부터 포자체의 형성을 유도하고자, 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토의 비율을 5종류로 달리하여 혼합된 토양을 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 충진하였다. 전엽체 1g과 증류수 25mL를 핸드블랜더로 10초간 분쇄하여 토양표면에 분주하는 실험방법을 사용하였다. 재배환경은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 광도 $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 광주기 16/8h(light/dark)로 유지하면서 12주간 재배되었다. 실험결과, 원예상토 단용, 원예상토와 펄라이트가 2:1(v:v)로 혼합된 토양, 원예상토와 마사토가 2:1(v:v)로 혼합된 토양에서 각 31.7, 24.3, 19.3개의 포자체가 생산되었다. 한편 포자체의 생육은 원예상토 단용 토양에서 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭 등의 수치가 비교적 우수하였다. 따라서 차꼬리고사리의 전엽체는 MS배지에 배양하고 증식된 전엽체를 원예상토에 분주하여 포자체의 형성을 유도하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.699-713
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• 2012

Palustrine wetland is often used for development work and green area creation. However, the ecological characteristic of vegetation is not frequently considered in planning. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate vegetation characteristic according to land-use of palustrine wetland and to provide basic materials in assessment of palustrine wetland and restoration and creation of wetland. Survey sites were caterogized into paddy, field, and mountain. Each category had two sites, so total 6 survey sites were investigated for vegetation. As a result, with a range of 61~92 species, total 216 taxa were confirmed, consisting of 71 families, 168 generic, 187 species, 2 variety 1 forma 1 subforma. Mountain received a high score in the evaluation score range of floristic regional indicator plants, and it was found that there were 10 families and 28 species of naturalized plant. Mountain showed low appearance, and fiddy and field showed relatively high appearance. Naturalized plants with slightly high vegetation cover ratio are Erigeron annuus, Amorpha fruticosa, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Trifolium repens, Erigeron Canadensis, Ambrosia trifida, Oenothera odorata, Bidens frondosa, etc. Such naturalized plants should be removed to prevent terrestrialization of wetland and its harmful damages. Long-term monitoring and proper management of naturalized plants are expected to improve palustrine wetland into high quality biotope of rural area in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.309-332
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• 2015

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing in Mt. Taebaeksan, a survey was conducted from April, 2014 to October, 2014. The flora of Mt. Taebaeksan was classified as a total of 406 taxa comprising of 79 families, 238 genus, 352 species, 4 subspecies, 43 varieties and 7 forma. Among them, 8 taxa were identified as endemic plants in Korea including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Anemone koraiensis Nakai, etc. 16 taxa of Korean rare plants species were identified including 4 taxa in the degree of VU (Asplenium spinulosum (Maxim.) Milde, etc.) and 12 taxa in the degree of LC (Clematis koreana Kom., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., etc.) The floristic special plants were a total of 107 taxa which consist of 3 taxa in degree V(Polypodium virginianum L., etc.), 14 taxa in degree IV(Asplenium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz., etc.), 31 taxa in degree III (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim., etc.), 32 taxa in degree II(Lycopodium chinense H.Christ, etc.) and 27 taxa in degree I(Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, etc.). For the naturalized plants, 16 taxa were identified (Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Rumex crispus L., Cerastium glomeratum Thuill). Also, the percentage of urbanization index was 5 %, and the naturalized plant index was 3.9 % respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.819-841
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• 2015

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing at Halmibong(1,026m) and Gusibong(1,014m) in Baekdutrail, we surveyed from March in 2013 to March in 2014. The flora of Haimibong and Gusibong in Baekdu trail were found to be; 528 taxa; 95 families, 287 genus, 454 species, 4 subspecies, 59 varieties, 11 forma. Rare plants were found to be; 15 taxa, 10 families, 14 genus, 13 species, 2 varieties. Among them EN degree was found to be 1 species(Rhododendron tschonoskii Maxim.), VU degree; 2 species(Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge, Lilium cernuum Kom.), LC degree; 12 species(Abies koreana Wilson, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai, Viola albida Palib. etc.) respectively. In all surveyed areas, a total of 15 taxa(Heloniopsis koreana Fuse, N.S.Lee & M.N. Tamura etc.) were found to be endemic to Korea. Distribution of floristic special plants in the surveyed areas were found to be divided into five classes (class I~V). The floristic special plants found in surveyed areas were 2 taxa of grade V, 6 taxa of grade IV, 12 taxa of grade III, respectively. The naturalized plants were investigated as 23 taxa; Rumex crispus L., Amorpha fruticosa L., Veronica arvensis L. etc..

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.277-291
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• 2009

The flora in the region of Songnisan National Park ($N36^{\circ}28^{\prime}05^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}36^{\circ}46^{\prime}38^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, $E\;127^{\circ}47^{\prime}06^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}127^{\circ}57^{\prime}50^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) was surveyed from April 2000 to July 2006. Vascular plants in 26 collections included a total of 723 taxa: 115 families, 392 genera, 629 species, 4 subspecies, 72 varieties and 18 forms. Ninety-three of these taxa were first records for the region. In the flora of Songnisan National Park, 27 taxa were Korean endemic plants, 19 taxa were rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Forty-five of the taxa were with the levels III, IV, V in the floristic regional indicator plants which was designated by Korean Ministry of Environment, and 29 taxa were alien plants now naturalized in Korea. Owing to their unusual phytogeography and low number of populations, the taxa Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel., Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Baker & S.Moore, Bupleurum euphorbioides Nakai, Phacellanthus tubiflorus Siebold & Zucc., Lilium cernuum Kom., Gastrodia elata Blume and Cephalanthera erecta var. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kud ) Ohwi were considered the most important. Based on these results, it is clear that appropriate plans to conserve the natural habitat of Songnisan National Park must be made immediately.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2021

본 연구는 서부 DMZ 및 접경지역에 속하고 인천광역시 강화군 강화읍에 위치한 퇴모·혈구산(466m) 을 대상으로 수행되었다. 강화군은 우리나라에서 4번째로 넓은 면적의 섬으로 알려져있고, 인천광역시 서북부 경기만의 한강 하구에 위치하고 있으며, 서쪽으로는 석모도 등 부속섬과 서해안, 북쪽으로는 북 한의 황해도 연백시, 동쪽으로는 김포시와 강화대교와 강화초지대교가 육지로 연결되어 있다. 2019년 4 월부터 2020년 10월까지 7회에 걸쳐 계절별로 식물상 조사를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 확인된 해명산 일대에 분포하는 관속식물의 현황은 92과 257속 353속 4아종 41변종 4품종 총 402분류군으로 확인되었다. 양치식물은 6과 9속 10종 2변종 12분류군, 나자식물은 3과 4속 8종 총 8분류군, 쌍자엽식물은 74과 198속 268종 4아종 30변종 3품종 등 305분류군, 단자엽식물은 9과 46속 67종 9변종 1품종 등 77분류군으로 조사되었다. 또한, 식물구계학적 특정식물 IV급은 등 1분류군, III급은 물박달나무, 병아리꽃나무 등 6분 류군, II급은 갯장구채, 꼬리조팝나무 등 8분류군, I급은 야산고비, 일엽초 등 20분류군으로 파악되었 다. 희귀식물은 산림청 지정 희귀식물 취약종(VU)에 속하는 산들깨와 약관심종(LC)에 속하는 쥐방울덩굴 등 총 2분류군이 확인되었다. 특산식물은 백운산원추리 및 병꽃나무 등 4분류이 파악되었다. 침입외래식물은 애기수영 및 유럽점나무도물 등 39분류군으로 확인되었고, 생태계교란식은 가시박 등 4분류군으로 파악되었다. 주변의 신산저수지 및 고비고개에 큰 공사가 진행되고있어 침입외래식물의 개체수는 크게 증가할 것으로 예측었다. 따라서 장기적인 생태계 보전대책 수립이 필요하다고 판단된다.