• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2020

Renewable energy (RE) is essential to comprise sustainable societies, especially, in rural villages of developing countries. Furthermore, application of off-grid RE systems to health care can improve the quality of life. In this research, a RE-based vaccination supply management system was constructed to enlarge the cold-chain in developing countries for the safe storage and delivery of vaccines. The system was comprised of the construction of RE plants and development of vaccine carriers. RE plants were constructed and connected to health posts in local villages. The cooling mechanism of vaccine carriers was improved and monitoring devices were installed. The effect of the system on vaccine cold-chain was evaluated from the field test and topographical analysis in the southern village of Nepal. RE plants were normally operated for the vaccine refrigerator in the health post. The modified vaccine carriers had a longer operation time and better temperature control via monitoring and RE-based recharging functionality. The topographical analysis estimated that the system can cover larger region. The system prototype showed great potential regarding the possibility of a sustainable and enlarged cold-chain. Thus, RE-based vaccine supply management is expected to facilitate vaccine availability while minimizing waste in the supply chain.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Most of the maritime accidents are the crash that occurred by complex coastal terrain, increased maritime traffic and frequent weather changes. Therefore, transportation safety is exactly determined using accurate environmental informations, but if informations are inaccurate or insufficient, accident risk can be increased. Therefore, ship need the system that can accurately generate transportation safety information. This paper proposes the transportation safety system and performance evaluation in the real environment. The proposed system includes database of environment informations and navigation algorithm using PPP method to estimate the accurate ship position. Therefore, this system can accurately calculate distance or freeboard between ship with other factors. Futhermore, when weather is deteriorated, crew can sail with database based 3-D monitoring module in the transportation safety system. To verify the function and performance, data of Kyungin ARA waterway and ferry is used to evaluation.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.138-146
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find cases of using information and communication technology and smart mobility technology in snow removal vehicles and equipment for rapid and efficient road snow removal in the event of a snowstorm, and to find ways to utilize them. Method: Cases of domestic and overseas snow removal methods are investigated, and snow removal operation methods incorporating new technologies are presented. Result: Most of the operation of snow removal equipment in Korea uses GPS, CCTV, and road traffic information systems, and in the case of overseas, road weather information systems and road snow removal monitoring systems are used. It is expected that snow removal technology using autonomous snow removal vehicles, which are smart mobility, will be developed in the future. Conclusion: The results of this study can contribute to the policy of using snow removal equipment and snow removal vehicles of local governments and related organizations.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 2016

Driving behaviors such as speeding and illegal u-turn which violate traffic rules are main causes of car accidents, and they can lead to serious accidents. Bus drivers are less aware of dangers of illegal u-turn, and infrastructures such as traffic enforcement equipment and watchmen are deficient. This research aims to develop technology for estimating driving behaviors based on map-matching in order to prevent illegal u-turns. For this research, 23,782 of u-turn permit data and 146,000 of speed limit data are collected nationwide, and an estimation algorithm is built with these data. Then, an application based on android is developed, and finally, tests are conducted to assess the accuracy in data computations and GPS data map-matching, and to extrapolate driving behavior. As a result of the tests, the accuracy results in the map-matching is 86% and the assessment of driving behavior is 83%, while the display of the data output yielded 100% accuracy. Additional research should focus on improvement in accuracy through the development of a robust monitoring system, and study of service scenarios for technology application.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Utilizing sequence control and numerical computing, embedded devices are used in a variety of automated systems, including those at industrial sites, in accordance with their control program. Since embedded devices are used as a control system in corporate industrial complexes, nuclear power plants and public transport infrastructure nowadays, deliberate attacks on them can cause significant economic and social damages. Most attacks aimed at embedded devices are data-coded, code-modulated, and control-programmed. The control programs for industry-automated embedded devices are designed to represent circuit structures, unlike common programming languages, and most industrial automation control programs are designed with a graphical language, LAD, which is difficult to process static analysis. Because of these characteristics, the vulnerability analysis and security related studies for industry automation control programs have only progressed up to the formal verification, real-time monitoring levels. Furthermore, the static analysis of industrial automation control programs, which can detect vulnerabilities in advance and prepare for attacks, stays poorly researched. Therefore, this study suggests a method to present a discussion on an industry automation control program designed to represent the circuit structure to increase the efficiency of static analysis of embedded industrial automation programs. It also proposes a medium term translation technology exploiting LLVM IR to comprehensively analyze the industrial automation control programs of various manufacturers. By using LLVM IR, it is possible to perform integrated analysis on dynamic analysis. In this study, a prototype program that converts to a logical expression type of medium language was developed with regards to the S company's control program in order to verify our method.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.541-550
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• 2024

The aim of this study is to find a way to improve the effectiveness of feedback that can contribute to the development of government work evaluation through comparison of systems between Korea and the United States. To this end, this study compared and analyzed the cases of Korea and the United States in relation to the feedback system of political affairs evaluation. In the case of the United States, it was confirmed that it was linked to a relatively high level of the learning dimension of the feedback system of achieving and improving policy goals, while in Korea, such linkage was segmented and controlled. In the case of Korea, it was confirmed that the government work evaluation system was in power, and its purpose was to improve policies and to control the evaluation target rather than learning for it. In the case of the United States, it is noteworthy that the autonomy of its own ministries is guaranteed as much as possible, the clarity and achievement of the goals presented by the ministries are prioritized, and the feedback also has a support and learning system as a regular system, not an ex post system. It is necessary to focus on policy improvement that can be linked to the achievement of policy goals in government work evaluation. It is also necessary to take a quarterly monitoring system, but to transform the ex post evaluation system into a learning and supportive system that can achieve policy goals, not control.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2014

Industrial control system (ICS) is a computer based system which are typically used in nation-wide critical infra-structure facilities such as electrical, gas, water, wastewater, oil and transportation. In addition, ICS is essentially used in industrial application domain to effectively monitor and control the remotely scattered systems. The highly developed information technology (IT) and related network techniques are continually adapted into domains of industrial control system. However, industrial control system is confronted significant side-effects, which ICS is exposed to prevalent cyber threats typically found in IT environments. Therefore, cyber security vulnerabilities and possibilities of cyber incidents are dramatically increased in industrial control system. The vulnerabilities that may be found in typical ICS are grouped into Policy and Procedure, Platform, and Network categories to assist in determining optimal mitigation strategies. The order of these vulnerabilities does not necessarily reflect any priority in terms of likelihood of occurrence or severity of impact. Firstly, corporate security policy can reduce vulnerabilities by mandating conduct such as password usage and maintenance or requirements for connecting modems to ICS. Secondly, platfom vulnerabilities can be mitigated through various security controls, such as OS and application patching, physical access control, and security software. Thirdly, network vulnerabilities can be eliminated or mitigated through various security controls, such as defense-in-depth network design, encrypting network communication, restricting network traffic flows, and providing physical access control for network components.

• 선박안전기술공단연구보고서
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• s.4
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• pp.1-108
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• 2007

2007. 7. 23 IMO의 NAV(항해안전전문위원회)53차 회의에서는 e-Navigation을 해상에서의 안전, 보안, 해양환경보호를 목적으로 전자적인 수단에 의해 선박과 육상에서 해양정보를 수집, 교환, 표시함으로써 항구와 항구간의 항해 및 관련된 서비스를 향상시키는 것으로 정의하고 있다.2005년 11월 영국의 교통부 장관 Stephen 박사는 Royal Institute ofNavigation에서의 연설에서 해상안전과 환경보호를 위하여 선박의 항해를 감시하는 관제소 및 항행하는 선박에 유용하고 정확한 정보가 더 많이 필요함을 역설하였다. 그리고 첨단 기술에 의해 자동화된 항공 항법분야를 예로들면서, 선박의 항법 분야도 항해와 관련된 모든 시설 및 작업을 전자적 수단으로 대체하는 개념인 e-Navigation으로 전환되어야 하며 영국은 이에 필요한 작업을 주도하겠다는 의견을 피력하였다. Stephen은 e-Navigation 도입으로 얻을 수 있는 이익으로 첫째, 항해 실수로 인한 사고 확률저감, 둘째,사고 발생 시 인명 구조 및 피해 확산을 위한 효율적 대응, 셋째, 전통적인항해시설 설치 불필요로 인한 비용 저감, 넷째 선박입출항 수속의 간편화 및항로의 효율적 운용으로 인한 상업적 이익 등을 들었다. 반면에e-Navigation 체계로 전환 시 예상되는 장애로는 첫째, 체계 구축을 위한 비용(특히 개발도상국가들의 경우 어려움 예상), 둘째, e-Navigation의 성과 달성을 위하여 세계 전 해역의 모든 선박이 e-Navigation 체계에 동참하도록유도하는 문제, 셋째, 전자해도 표시 및 선교 장비들에 대한 표준화 문제, 넷째, 육상에 설치할 e-Navigation 센터의 설계 및 구축 등을 꼽았다.IMO는 2005년 81차 MSC(해사안전위원회) 회의에서 영국이 일본, 마샬아일랜드, 네덜란드, 노르웨이, 싱가포르, 미국과 공동으로 제안한 ‘e-Navigation전략 개발’ 의제를 2006년 82차 MSC 회의에서 채택하고, NAV(항해 전문위원회)를 통하여 2008년까지 e-Navigation의 구체적 개념을 정립하고 향후 개발하여야 할 전략적 비전과 정책을 수립하기로 하였다. 이어서 영국을 의장으로 e-Navigation 전략개발 통신작업반이 구성되었는데, 지난 년간 19개국, 16개 전문기관이 참여하여 아래의 작업이 수행되었다. ○ e-Navigation 개념의 정의와 목적 ○ e-Navigation에 대한 핵심 이슈 및 우선 순위 식별 ○ e-Navigation 개발에 따른 이점과 단점의 식별 ○ IMO 및 회원국 등의 역할 식별 ○ 이행계획을 포함한 추가 개발을 위한 작업계획의 작성 IMO에서 수행되고 있는 e-Navigation 전략 개발 의제 일정은 2008년까지이다. 이 전략 개발에 있어서 중요한 요소는 e-Navigation이 포함할 서비스범위, 포함하는 서비스 제공에 필요한 인프라 및 장비의 식별, 인프라 구축및 운용비용을 부담할 주체에 대한 논의, e-Navigation으로 인한 이익과 투자비용에 대한 비교 분석 등이다. 이 과정에서 정부, 선주, 항만운영자, 선원등의 입장 차이와 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 경제 수준 차이는 전략 개발에있어 큰 어려움을 줄 것이므로, 이들이 합의된 전략을 만들기 위해서는 예정된 기간보다 다소 늦어질 가능성도 있다.e-Navigation 전략 개발이 완료되면 1단계로는 해상교통 관제시스템, 선박선교 장비, 무선 통신장비 등에 대한 표준화 작업이 이루어질 것이다. 이 과정에서 각국 간에 자국 보유 기술을 표준화시키기 위한 경쟁이 치열할 것으로 예상된다. 2단계에서는 e-Navigation 체계 하에서의 다양하고 풍부한 서비스 제공을 위한 관련 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어의 개발이 이루어질 것으로전망되는데, 이는 지난 10년간 육상에서 인터넷망 설치 후 이루어진 관련 서비스 산업의 발전을 돌아보면 쉽게 짐작할 수 있을 것이다.e-Navigation 체계 하에서 선박의 항해는 현재와는 전혀 다른 패러다임으로 바뀔 것이다. 예를 들어 현재 입출항 시 요구되던 복잡한 절차는one-stop 쇼핑 형태로 단순화되고, 현재 선박 중심의 항해에서 육상e-Navigation 센터가 적극적으로 관여하는 항해 체계로 바뀔 것이며, 해상정보의 공유와 활용이 무선 인터넷을 통해 보다 광범위하게 이루어질 것이 다.e-Navigation의 잠재적 시장 규모는 선박에 새로이 탑재될 지능형 통합 항법시스템 구축과 육상 모니터링 및 지원 시스템 등 직접 시장이 약 50조원,전자해도, 통신장비, 관련 서비스 컨텐츠 등 간접 시장의 규모가 150조원으로 총 200조원으로 대략 추산하고 있다. 향후 이 거대한 시장을 차지하기 위한 전략 수립이 필요한 시점이다. 지금까지 항해 장비 관련 산업은 선진국의일부 업체들에 의해 독점되어 왔다. 우리나라는 조선과 해운에서 모두 선진국임에도 불구하고 이 분야에서는 대부분 수입에 의존해 왔다. e-Navigation체계 하에서는 전체 시장이 커지고 장비의 사양이 표준화됨에 따라 어느 소수 업체가 현재처럼 독점하기는 더 이상 어려울 것으로 예상된다. 따라서e-Navigation은 우리나라도 항해 장비 분야 시장을 차지할 수 있는 좋은 기회라고 할 수 있다. 특히 조선 1위의 장점을 적극 활용한다면 다른 나라보다우위의 경쟁력을 확보할 수도 있다. 또한, 서비스 분야의 시장은 IT 기술과밀접한 관계가 있으므로 IT 강국인 우리나라가 충분한 경쟁력을 갖고 있다고 할 수 있다.그러나, EU를 비롯한 선진국에서는 이미 e-Navigation 에 대비한 연구를10여년 전부터 수행해 왔다. 앞에서 언급한 EU의 MarNIS 사업은 현재 거의마무리 단계로 당장 실용화 할 수 있는 수준에 있는 것으로 보인다. 늦었지만 우리도 이를 따라잡기 위한 연구를 서둘러야 할 것이다. 국내에서도e-Navigation의 중요성을 깊이 인식하고, 2006년에는 관련 산학연 전문가들로 작업반을 구성하여 워크숍 등을 개최한 바 있다. 또한 해양수산부에서도e-Navigation 핵심기술 개발을 위한 연구사업을 기획 추진하고 있다.그러나 현재 항해통신장비들의 기술기준은 ITU의 전파규칙(RR)과 IMO결의 및 SOLAS 협약을 따르고 있는데 이들 규약이나 결의에 대한 국제적인 추이와 비교할 때 국내의 기술은 표준화되지 못한 부분이 많은 실정이다.본 연구에서는 e-Navigation sytem중 표준화가 필요한 요소와 전자해도,AIS 등 e-Navigation(통합전자항법시스템)관련 국내산업현황 실태조사를 통해 국내 e-Navigation기술개발 동향에 대해 조사하고자 한다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2018

This study was carried out to analyze the risk attitude based on situation awareness of the Vessel Traffic Service Operator (VTSO) on the risk of collision between vessels during the monitoring of vessel traffic through the use of the VTS system. In general, when two vessels are in the close quarters situation, we analyzed the degree of risk of collision from the subjective viewpoint of the VTSOs through an administered survey. Chiefly, we analyzed the risk attitudes of each VTSO in the close quarters situation, by comparing it with the calculated value by the CoRi, which is the ship collision risk model from the VTSO's viewpoint. As a result, it was confirmed that more than 40% of the total VTSO was noted as being in a weak risk aversion type of category. Through a review of the results of analyzing the risk attitude of VTSO according to gender, age, VTS career, VTS center position, accident experience, and boarded career, it was found that there was a significant difference in the VTS career, VTS center position and accident experience. In addition, a regression model that is able to further explain the risk attitude of VTSO was derived as a factor that confirmed the significant difference and applied to CoRi to predict the collision risk according to the individual VTSO to be used as a fundamental information gathering tool for providing more accurate and safe VTS service at sea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 2023

In the present study, a deep learning model was established to predict the motion response of small fishing vessels. Hydrodynamic performances were evaluated for two small fishing vessels for the dataset of deep learning model. The deep learning model of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) which is one of the recurrent neural network was utilized. The input data of LSTM model consisted of time series of six(6) degrees of freedom motions and wave height and the output label was selected as the time series data of six(6) degrees of freedom motions. The hyperparameter and input window length studies were performed to optimize LSTM model. The time series motion response according to different wave direction was predicted by establised LSTM. The predicted time series motion response showed good overall agreement with the analysis results. As the length of the time series increased, differences between the predicted values and analysis results were increased, which is due to the reduced influence of long-term data in the training process. The overall error of the predicted data indicated that more than 85% of the data showed an error within 10%. The established LSTM model is expected to be utilized in monitoring and alarm systems for small fishing vessels.