• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.300-304
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) alone and azaperone plus tiletamine-zolazepam in growing pigs, and to compare the various physiological parameters in both treatments. Cross experiment was accomplished at 2-week interval. Group 1 (TZ group): six pigs ($31.4{\pm}4.83$ kg) received 4.4 mg/kg of TZ alone. Group 2 (ATZ group); the same six pigs ($43.6{\pm}4.31$ kg) received 4.4 mg/kg of TZ twenty minutes after receiving 2 mg/kg of azaperone. All of the anesthetic drugs were injected into the trapezius muscles. The pigs were fasted for 24 hours before the experiments. Induction and recovery values were determined. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, $pO_2,\;pCO_2$ and pH were determined before administration and 5, 25, 45, 65 and 85 minutes after administration. Induction time of ATZ group was more rapid than that of TZ group (p<0.01). During recovery, sternal recumbency time, standing time and walking time of ATZ group were longer than those of TZ group (p<0.01). Heart rate, respiratory rate, $pO_2,\;pCO_2$, and pH did not show especial differences between the two groups. However, rectal temperature was significantly different between the TZ and ATZ group (p<0.05). As a result, ATZ group had a faster induction and a longer duration of anesthesia than TZ group did. Thus, it was concluded that ATZ combination could be usefully used for chemical restraint in pigs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.556-566
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the relationship between health behaviors and high levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) according to cardiovascular risk factors among Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the sixth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VI). Participants were 13,841 adults aged 19 years and older. Cardiovascular risk factors were stroke, myocardial infarction or angina, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, aging, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) under 40 mg/dL and HDL-cholesterol over 60 mg/dL. Cardiovascular risk groups were classified as very high risk (stroke, myocardial infarction or angina), high risk (diabetes mellitus), moderate risk (over 2 risk factors), and low risk (below 1 risk factor). The prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol was calculated using the LDL-cholesterol target level according to cardiovascular risk group. Results: The prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol was 25.5% in males and 21.7% in females. Complex sample cross tabulation demonstrated that the high LDL-cholesterol and normal groups differed significantly according to age, education, body mass index, percentage of energy from carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat and n-6 in males and females. These two groups were also significantly different according to smoking in males and the percentage of energy from n-3 in females. Complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for multiple confounding factors demonstrated that the probability of high LDL-cholesterol was significantly associated with current smoking (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.40-1.99), obesity (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.64-2.31) in males, and current smoking (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.19-2.52), obesity (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39-1.90), percentage of energy from n-3 (quartile 1 vs. quartile 2; OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96; quartile 1 vs. quartile 3; OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.94; quartile 1 vs. quartile 4: OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.87) in females. Conclusion: This study reveals the impact of smoking, obesity, energy percentage of nutrient intake on LDL-cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

Objectives : The study aimed to identify factors associated with suicidal attempt in Korean adults experiencing thoughts of suicide. Methods : This study analyzed outcomes of suicidal behavior in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2015, 2017, and 2019. This survey was administered by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). The suicidal idea group was divided into individuals who had attempted suicide (n=92) and those who had not (n=831). Complex samples crosstabs analysis was conducted to compare the two groups' sociodemographic, psychiatric, and clinical characteristics. In addition, factors related to attempted suicide were investigated using complex samples logistic regression analysis. Results : The attempted suicide group had significantly higher rates of depression, recent psychiatric counseling, and suicidal plan (p<0.001) than the non-attempting group. In addition, the groups differed significantly in the frequency of binge drinking and smoking (p<0.05). Adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of a suicidal plan (Odds ratio [OR]=8.46, 95% Confidential Intervals [CI]=4.72-15.00), daily binge drinking (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.26-7.84), psychiatric counseling within the past year (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.75-5.23), low income level (OR=2.89, 95% CI=1.17-7.10), and history of depression (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.29-4.42) were significantly associated with suicidal attempt. Conclusions : Factors associated with suicidal attempt among suicidal ideators in the general Korean population were identified across all sociodemographic, psychiatric, and clinical variables. Assessment of and intervention in suicidal plan, binge drinking, income level, and depression might prevent progression to suicidal attempt among those contemplating suicide.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2022

Recently, as word embedding has shown excellent performance in various tasks of deep learning-based natural language processing, researches on the advancement and application of word, sentence, and document embedding are being actively conducted. Among them, cross-language transfer, which enables semantic exchange between different languages, is growing simultaneously with the development of embedding models. Academia's interests in vector alignment are growing with the expectation that it can be applied to various embedding-based analysis. In particular, vector alignment is expected to be applied to mapping between specialized domains and generalized domains. In other words, it is expected that it will be possible to map the vocabulary of specialized fields such as R&D, medicine, and law into the space of the pre-trained language model learned with huge volume of general-purpose documents, or provide a clue for mapping vocabulary between mutually different specialized fields. However, since linear-based vector alignment which has been mainly studied in academia basically assumes statistical linearity, it tends to simplify the vector space. This essentially assumes that different types of vector spaces are geometrically similar, which yields a limitation that it causes inevitable distortion in the alignment process. To overcome this limitation, we propose a deep learning-based vector alignment methodology that effectively learns the nonlinearity of data. The proposed methodology consists of sequential learning of a skip-connected autoencoder and a regression model to align the specialized word embedding expressed in each space to the general embedding space. Finally, through the inference of the two trained models, the specialized vocabulary can be aligned in the general space. To verify the performance of the proposed methodology, an experiment was performed on a total of 77,578 documents in the field of 'health care' among national R&D tasks performed from 2011 to 2020. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed methodology showed superior performance in terms of cosine similarity compared to the existing linear vector alignment.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.629-643
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is, by using the demographic variables, to identify self-efficacy, social support, and quality of life of the elderly with depression and to assess the impacts of these factors upon their quality of life. By analyzing the factors which have an impact upon the life quality of the elderly with depression, this study aims to provide important information which help understand them, and to find out what kind of care is necessary for their happy and satisfactory life. The study took purposive sampling and survey of 215 people among the elderly with depression who were under care of the outpatient clinics, day hospitals, and mental health clinics located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province, Korea. This study was conducted from November 10th to 20th, 2008 and the data were collected using the questionnaires of self-efficacy, social support, and quality of life scales. Using a SPSS/WIN 15.0 program, the analysis of the data showed the following results. First, among the demographic characteristics, the elderly with depression who were male, had spouse, higher education, no public assistance, shorter period of depression, and were healthy turned out to have higher self-efficacy. In terms of social support, the participants who had higher education, no public assistance, and were healthy turned out to have more social support. Further, in terms of quality of life, the variables of spouse, public assistance, period of depression, and health condition were statistically significant. Second, as a result of hierarchical regression, it appeared that the elderly with depression, who had higher self-efficacy, more social support, spouse, good health, no public assistance, and shorter period of depression, turned out to have higher quality of life. Based on the study findings, the implications of social work practice, policy, and future research were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2000

Objectives : The present study was performed to reveal differences between female and male cases of alopecia in their alopecia related variables such as patterns of hair loss, psychiatric characteristics, associate illnesses, and methods of treatment, and to use them as basic materials for proper management and early prevention of the alopecia prone cases. Methods : In order to analysis the gender difference in hair losses, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the 51 cases of female alopecia and the 42 cases of male alopecia, who had visited to the department of psychiatry consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to December 1998. In data analysis, the subjects were statistically assesed by chi-squre test and analysis of varaiance, through SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V. Results : 1) Female subjects were more likely showed lower socio-economical level including lower eonomical level, lower educational level, or lower occupational level in their parent's job, were more likely to have larger number of siblings and to have many sisters comparison to the male cases. 2) Female subjects were more likely visited to the department of dermatology, more history of alopecia in their female family members, lesser history of alopecia in their male family members, more loss of hairs in vertex or frontal region of scalp, lesser loss of hairs in occipital region, and lesser nail changes in comparison to the male cases. 3) Female subjects were more suffered from intra-familial conflicts and economical changes, or their introverted personality makeup, lesser likely suffered from changes of business and health changes, and showed lesser conflicts related with poorer adaptaion in their job life. 4) Female subjects were more likely diagnosed as depression or conversion disorders, more frequently complaint anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, higher level of anxiety index, lesser complaint somatization or obsessive compulsive symptoms, and lesser diagnosed as anxiety disorder in comparison to the male cases. 5) Female subjects were more likely tended to show personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends than the male cases. 6) Female subjects were more significantly treated by antianxiety drug such as etizolam and dermatological therapies include tretinoin, and lesser treated by clotiazepam and prednicarbonate in comparison to the male cases. Conclusion : From the facts that The most important factors in developing hair loss in the female subjects in comparison to the male cases seems to be closely correlated with the serious psychopathology such as the presence of mental disorders including depression, the presence of complaining anxiety or depressive symptomatology, the presence of stressful life events such as intrafamilial life changes, and the presence of personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends, the authors confirmed that dermatologists act as the primary care physician are in a unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and execute meaningful intervention for female patients with the alopecia with psychiatrists.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

Traffic management is becoming an important issue in turfgrass practise on golf course. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined impact of different traffic times and types of fertilization. Traffic treatment was applied in morning (AM), noon, and afternoon (PM). Fertilizers used include faster-release fertilizer (21-17-17) and slow-release fertilizers (12-6-18, 11-3-22, 20-3-20, 10-3-10). Experiment was conducted from Oct. 1 to Nov. 30, 2005 on a nursery putting green of Incheon Grand Golf Club. The growth and quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis polustris cv. 'Seaside II') were evaluated on visual leaf color, leaf texture, shoot density, and root length. The measurement at 20 days after treatment, turfgrass color and leaf texture showed the best result on 10-15-10 + Noon-traffic plot. Turf quality and traffic tolerance were not different at Am and Pm traffic treatment. However, traffic stress in early morning and late evening caused the most severe damage to the turfgrass. Shoot density was the highest in 10-15-10 + Noon-traffic treatment but root length was not different among treatments after 30 day measurement. Among the fertilizers, slow release fertilizer resulted in higher turf quality and traffic tolerance than fast release fertilizer, however, shoot density did not showed a significantly different. For the fast recuperation of turfgrass from traffic injury in the early winter, it is recommended to avoid early morning and late evening traffic such as cup replacement and other maintenance practise. It is also recommended to delay the first tee-up time and ending early for last tee time during cold weather season.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.14-29
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• 2013

Objectives: Samul-tang and Rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L. have been frequently used in gynecologic disease. The purpose of the present study is to explore the behavioral and neurobiological effects of Samul-tanggahyangbuja (SGH) on ovariectomized rats and to form a basis for clinical treatment. Methods: Ovariectomized rats were repeatedly stressed for over 2 weeks. After orally medicated with SGH (200 or 400 mg/kg/day), the anxiety response was tested using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) in rats. The serum levels of estradiol and IL-4, and immunohistochemical changes of IL-4 in the Locus coeruleus (LC) and Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) were measured. Results: 1. In the EPM, SGH 400 mg significantly increased time spent on the open arms and decreased time spent on the closed arms, compared with the control group (p<0.05). 2. SGH tended to increase numbers of crossings in the open and closed arms in the EPM. However, it did not reach statistical significance. 3. SGH significantly increased the serum levels of estradiol compared with the control group (p<0.05). 4. SGH 400 mg significantly increased the serum levels of IL-4 compared with the control group (p<0.05). 5. IL-4 immunoreactivity was reduced in the control group compared with the normal group (p<0.05). However, SGH groups (200 and 400 mg) did not produce any significant effects on levels of IL-4 in the LC and PVN. Conclusions: These results suggest that SGH possesses the anti-depressant and immuno-modulatory effects on ovariectomized rats.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.3 s.8
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Traffic condition monitoring system serves as the foundation for all intelligent transportation system operation. Loop detectors and Video Image Processing are the most widely common technology approach to condition monitoring in korea Highways. Lane Usage is defined as the proportion of total link volume served by each lane. In this research, the lane Usage(LU) of two lane link for one day. Interval is 56% : 44%. The LU of three lane link is 39% : 37% : 24%. The LU of four lane link is 25% : 29% : 26% : 21%. These analysis reveal that each lane distributions of link are not same. This research investigates the general concept of lane usage by using collected loop detector data and the investigated that lane distribution is different by traffic lane and lane usage is consistent by time of day.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.844-852
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• 1997

Background : Recent studies have documented increased release of endothelin(ET) during acute attack of asthma. The purpose of this study is to observe the link between plasma level and urinary excretion of each and changes during acute exacerbation. Method : Plasma and 24 hour urine were collected from sixteen asthmatics during acute exacerbation, twice ; first day of symptomatic exacerbation and two weeks after treatment. Controls were ten healthy normal subjects. All patients were treated with corticosteroid and beta-2 adrenergic agonist on admission. ET was determined by radioimmmunoassay and had 100% cross reactivity with ET-1, 67% with ET-2, 84% with ET-3, and 8% with Big-ET. Results : Plasma ETs were significantly elevated during acute attack of asthma compared with those in remission and controls.,However, there was no significant changes in urine ET concentrations or total ET amounts in 24 hour urine during exacerbation upto two weeks. Those levels of urine ET in asthmatics were still higher than controls. ET concentrations in plasma or urine were not correlated with pulmonary functional parameters and hypoxemia. Conclusion : The findings suggests that increased plasma ETs are related with exaggerated release during acute asthma. Urinary ET excretion is increased in asthma. However, urine ET changes during exacerbation should be observed in a larger and longer scale.