• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 1997

The isolated soluble eye proteins from six species (Sepia esculenta, Sepiella japonica, Loligo chinensis, Todarodes pacificus, Loligo beka and Ocotopus minor) of class Cephaloopoda were compared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis methods using antibodies directed against total soluble eye proteins antigens. It showed a distinct antigen-antibody reaction between the species of order Sepioidea and various antiserum of class Cephalopoda. Our results suggested that the common precipitation lines of Sepia and Loligo species which were different from that of Octopus minor. By which obtained from elution of gel filtration chromatography and 12.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of Todarodes pacificus eye protein (crystallin) was determined in abut 20-35 KDa.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.483-494
• /
• 1993

Cell surface antigenic relationships between pathogenic mycobacteria have been investigated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using phenolkilled cells and their rabbits antisera. Homologous and heterologous reactions of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare antisera before and after homologous and heterologous absorption revealed a close antigenic relationship between strains of the same species and between species if they were members of M. avium(MA)-intracellulare(MI)-scrofulaceum(MG) complex. MAI sera showed a considerable reaction with M. kansasii(MK) and tuberculosis(MTB), but not with the other species. MA(K40004) antiserum reacted with other mycobacteria except few strains of MI and 50~89% of homologous reaction was reduced by heterologous absorption with cells of MI or MS. Intraspecific reaction of MI antisera was natural1y stronger than interspecific reaction and different in extent due to a magnitude of antigenic sharing. Antigenic relationships between N-260D, N-260R, N-260T, and K41014 was somewhat closer than that with N-242D, N-257T, N-28ID, and N-275T. M. nonchromogenicum(MNC) antisera showed a strong interspecific reaction with exception of M. chelonei(MC) and triviale(MTV) to which they reacted weakly or none. Antigenic sharing with M. terrae(MTR) and MG(K30003) was next to intraspecific sharing. NC-3 shared antigens considerably with MA, MC, and M. fortuitum(MF) while NC-11 did not. MTR antisera showed a strong cross-reaction with MI but their homologous reaction was not reduced by MI absorption indicating a paucity of shared antigen of MTR surface. Intraspecific antigenic sharing of course was large with on exception between T-8 and T-13. A considerable amount of antigenic sharing was also found with MNC, MC and MF. Unlike T-8 serum, T-13 antiserum strongly cross-reacted with MA, MG, MK, and MTB. In general, antigenic relationships of mycobacteria, that have been elucidated in this study, well conformed to taxons delineated by the various biological and biochemical means.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 1997

To develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of type D simian retrovirus (SRV) infection, an oligonucleotide primer pair was designed to hybridize to the sequences within env gene of SRV subtype 1 (SRV-1). The 3' proximal env sequences annealing to the primers had been rather conserved among three different subtypes of SRV, SRV-1, SRV-2, and SRV-3 (Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus: MPMV). The PCR using the primer pair targeting an env region successfully detected and amplified all three subtypes of SRV with excellent specificity after single round of reaction. The tests with peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected either with simian immunodeficiency virus or simian T-Iymphotropic virus type 1, major immunosuppressive viral agents together with SRV in simian, verified the specificity of the PCR by excluding any cross reactivity. Semiquantitative titration PCR, amplifying serially diluted plasmid DNA of each subtype, was performed to evaluate sensitivity limits of the reaction. Based on molecular weight of each cloned SRV genome, the PCR should be able to detect one SRV-infected cell per more than $5-7{\times}10^4$ uninfected cells after simple ethidium bromide staining of resulting products. The PCR must be very efficient screening system with its quickness, certainty, and sensitivity for SRV-infected animals used in human AIDS research model. Second round amplification of the reaction products from the first PCR, or Southern hybridization by radiolabeled probes shall render to compete its efficacy to ELISA which has been the most sensitive technique to screen SRV infection but with frequent ambiguity problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1998

자동차 항법장치의 디스플레이는 도로, 교통정보, 부가정도 등 ITS 정보를 운전자에게 직접전달 하는 부분으로 그 핵샘부품인 도로지도는 정보의 정확성 및 신뢰성의 획득과 함께 운전자의 안전 및 수 행도 향상 항법장치의 사용성 향상을 위하여 운전자가 쉽고 빠르고 정확하게 자신이 원하는 정보를 획 득할 수 있도록 운전자 중심의 설계가 실시되어야 한다. 이에 97년 G7 Navigation 시스템 제작기술 프 로젝트의 일환으로 실시된 본 연구는 지도의 회전방법(map-rotation)방법인 Heading-Up 및 North-Up 과 지도상 지형지물 명칭 문자정보의 회전(text-rota-tion)을 실험변수로 하여 운전자의 반응시간 에러발 생 정신적부하의 측면에서 교차로 유형별 지도진행방법에 따른 인간공학적 평가를 실시한다. 본 연구의 결과로 한국인의 정보인지 형태에 적합한 항법장치 도로지도 진행방법을 제시하며 각 진행방법의 특징 및 운전자의 정보인지에 영향을 주는 요인을 추출한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.917-925
• /
• 2006

The aim of our research was to apply experimental design methodology in the optimization of photocatalytic degradation of azo dye(Reactive orange 16). The reactions were mathematically described as a function of parameters amount of $TiO_2(x_1)$, and dye concentration($x_2$) being modeled by the use of the Box-Behnken method. The results show that the responses of color removal(%)($Y_1$) in photocatalysis of dyes were significantly affected by the synergistic effect of linear term of $TiO_2(x_1)$ and dye concentration($x_2$). Significant factors and synergistic effects for the $COD_{Cr}$, removal(%)($Y_2$) were the linear term of $TiO_2(x_1)$ and dye concentration($x_2$). However, the quadratic term of $TiO_2(x_1^2)$ and dye concentration($x_2^2$) had an antagonistic effect on $Y_1$ and $Y_2$ responses. Canonical analysis indicates that the stationary point was a saddle point for $Y_1$ and $Y_2$, respectively. The estimated ridge of maximum responses and optimal conditions for $Y_1:(X_1,\;X_2)$=(1.11 g/L, 51.2 mg/L) and $Y_2:(X_1,\;X_2)$=(1.42 g/L, 72.83 mg/L) using canonical analysis was 93% and 73%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 1989

Detection of antibody against pathogenic fungi in serum specimens of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or other lung diseases has been carried out(male) using the indirect fluorescence antibody technique and immunodiffusion tests. Immunodiffusion tests revealed that 104(36.5%) out of 285 patients examined showed a positive precipitin reaction against one or more of fungal antigens. The majority of ID positive patients 64(61.5%) reacted with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen and 49(47.1%) patients reacted with Candida albicans antigen ID positive reaction to A. fumigatus was found little more frequently among male patients, while Candida albicans reactors were found more frequently among female patients. Age distribution of ID positive reactors was high(49.1-43.3%) in age group of 40-59 years, but least or none in age group of less than 30 years. Age of fungal mycelium used as antigen did not effect sensitivity of the indirect flubrescence (IF) technique in detecting antibody to A. fumigatus. Antibody class against A. fumigatus that showed highest titer was IgG and thus FITC labeled anti-IgG immunoglobulin shoul be preferable. As relatively large amount of cell wall components of Aspergilli shared antigenically, a considerable cross-reaction was observed among A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger, but not much with C. albicans. While (IF) has much better sensitivity when compared with ID, relative specificity of the latter procedure cannot to be overried, so that they could be batter used together in order to obtain quantitative measurement of antibody with relative specificity.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2001

Two attenuated Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, Paf-CMV and Rs2-CMV that had been selected from CMV isolates associated with satellite RNA (satRNA) were tested for cross-protection effect in pepper plants. The viruses selected as attenuated strains appeared to be identical serologically and physically to the challenge virus (Mf-CMV), but they were lower in the dilution end-point of infectivity of crude sap than Mf-CMV When symptoms were observed in several indicator plants after inoculation, Paf-CMV and Rs2-CMV were symptomless or showed mild mosaic symptoms while another satRNA isolate Ap-CMV developed severe mosaic symptoms on the leaves as Mf-CMV. The nucleotide sequences of the satRNAs were determined by sequencing full-length cDNA clones. Paf-, Rs2- and Ap-satRNAs were 386, 335, and 347 nucleotides long, respectively, The sequences were then compared with the other known Y-satRNA, revealing that nucleotide sequences of the satRNAs consisted of 5'- and 3'-terminal conserved regions. However variations occurred on the middle regions of the sequences, especially those related to symptom interference, showing significant differences between Paf-satRNA and other isolates. Infectious transcripts of Paf-satRNA and Rs2-satRNA induced mild mosaic symptoms in pepper plants when supported by genomic RNAs of Mf-CMV. Under greenhouse conditions, Paf-CMV and Rs2-CMV were tested for cross-protection effect in pepper and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv, Xanthi nc) plants against Mf-CMV. No symptoms were developed on the plants vaccinated with Paf-CMV until 3 weeks after inoculation with the virulent strain; however another attenuated isolate, Rs2-CMV, showed less effectiveness in cross-protection. Depending on the concentration of the challenged virus, symptoms sometimes appeared later in the upper leaves. However, in plants challenged with low concentrations (below 0.2 mg/ml) of the challenge inoculum, symptoms caused by the virulent strain did not develop on the plants vaccinated with Paf-CMV. In the field experiments, the number of pepper plants with severe mosaic symptoms in the control plots was progressively increased after transplanting and reached approximately 50% after 50 days. On the other hand, the incidence of mosaic disease appeared very low on the plants that had received the protective inoculation with Paf-CMV.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.339-354
• /
• 1991

Localization and characterization of the antigenic components of sparganum which induced IgG and IsM antibodies in the host were studied by immunohistochemical techniques and SDS-PAGT and Western blotting. The antigen recognized by IgG antibody of rats or mice which were immunised by infection or injection of crude extracts of metacestodes of Spirometra erinacei, was located in the parenchyme of sparganum, especially at the cortex and around the calcareous corpuscles. The immunoreaction was demonstrated not only in the encysted fibrous wall of host but around the arterioles or venules in the connective tissue of host. The antigen recognized by IgM antibody of rats or mice was also observed in the parenchyme of sparganum and in the connective tissue of host. By 5∼20% gradient SDS-PAGE and EIBT, we detected antigenic components by IgG and 1gG antibodies of the rat or mouse immunized by infection or injection of crude extract of spargana. Twenty-three antigenic bands from crude extracts of spargana were recognized by IgG antibody and 15 components by IgM antibody of immunized rats. Out of the bands recognized by IgG and IgM antibodies, 15 were cross-reacted each other. Twenty components of eBlcretory-secretory proteins from spargana were recognized by IgG, and 5 components by IgM antibody of immunized rats. By IgG and IgM antibodies of immunized mice, 16 components of crude extracts were recognized by IgG antibody and 9 components by IgM antibody. Twenty components of excretory-secretory preparation were recognized by IgG antibody and 5 components by IgM antibody. Thirteen components of crude extracts were cross-reacted by IgG antibody of rats and mice.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2001

Single or dual ion implantations were performed onto the transparent polyethylene terephthalate(PET) sheet, and the surface hardness and the light transmittance in the visual-UV range were examined. Nanoindentation showed that the surface hardness was the highest at about 50 nm depth from the surface and was increased by about 3 times when nitrogen ions were implanted with energy and dose of 90 keV and $1\times10^{15}\textrm{/cm}^2$ respectively. When dual ions such as He+N and N+C ions were implanted into PET, the hardness was increased even more than the case only N ions were implanted. Especially, when PET were implanted with N+C dual ions, the surface hardness of PET increased 5 times more as compared to when implanted with N ions alone. The light at the 550 nm wavelength(visual range) transmitted more than 85%, which is close to that of as-received PET, and at the wavelength below 300 nm(UV range) the rays were absorbed more than 95% as traveling through the sheet. implying that there are processing parameters which the ion implanted PET maintains the transparency and absorbs the UV rays. It can be considered that the increase in the hardness of polymeric materials is attributed to not only cross linking but also forming hard inclusions such as hard C-N compounds, as evidenced by the formation of the highest hardness when both N and C ions are implanted onto PET.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1989

Serodiagnosis of parasitic infections is widely used, since parasites or their eggs are not always detected by ordinary methods. The sensitive tests such as ELISA are highly dependent on the purity of antigens used. To solve this problem. many workers have tried to find species-specific components of antigens, The present study was performed to determine the antigenic profile of crude saline extracts of 3, 5, 8 and 12-week old p. westermani worms, which were collected from experimentally infected cats, based on SDS-PAGE and immunoblot technique. The results were as follows: 1. The SDS-PAGE showed at least 30 Protein bands ranging from 229 kDa to 10 kDa molecular weight. The protein components of p. wsstermani changed chronologically during its developmental period. The 229 kDa band was recognized only in 12-week old worms ($$SEP_{l2}$). 2. Analysis by ELISA showed a significant increase in antibody levels at 3 weeks in infected cats using crude saline extract antigens ($SEP_3,{\;}SEP_5,{\;}SEP_8,{\;}SEP_{l2}$). 3. By EITB using $SEP_3$ and $SEP_5$ infected cats recognisea major protein bands with molecular weight of 60, 35, 28, 25 or 21 kDa at 3~12 weeks of infection, and 3 additional antigens, 19, 13 and 10 kDa, were detected at 8~12 weeks of infections. 4. Using $SEP_8$ 5 antigens, 91, 85, 31, 25 and 21 kDa, were consistently detected by all infected sera tested. In addition, 3 antigens of lg. 13 and 10 kDa were detected at 8~12 weeks of infection. Using $SEP_12$, similar results were obtained with that by using $SEP_8$ and 1 additional antigen of 229 kDa, specifically reacting with the sera from 12 weeks of in(traction, was recognized.