• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.235-249
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the nature, role and development of pedagogical content knowledge in science teaching. Two research questions were considered: 1) What are the nature and the components of the pedagogical content knowledge in science teaching? 2) What is the value of pedagogical content knowledge and are there any routes and paths to developing pedagogical content knowledge for science teachers? In order to answer these questions instead of analyzing empirical data, former research literatures are reviewed. The results indicate that science pedagogical content knowledge is a special amalgam of science content knowledge and science method knowledge in a special context of science teaching that is uniquely the province of teacher based on their own special form of professional understanding. As a part of one's own distinctive bodies of knowledge, science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge is an important basis for professional development and competent teachers. It is knowledge of how to teach specific content in specific contexts, also it depends on each teachers' distinctive knowledge structure. Pedagogical content knowledge for science teaching is composed of five components: orientations toward science teaching, knowledge and beliefs about science curriculum, knowledge and beliefs about students' understanding of specific topics, knowledge and beliefs about assessment for teaching science, knowledge and beliefs about instructional strategies for teaching science. The development of science pedagogical content knowledge does not start until teachers have acquired a deeply principled conceptual knowledge of content, also it is promoted by the constant use of subject matter knowledge in teaching situations.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.223-266
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• 2020

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are played by millions of people around the world. Within MMORPGs, players explore, solve mysteries, craft items, battle against dungeon or raid bosses, or compete against other players, all while using a variety of information and information behaviors. Role-players in MMORPGs develop identities and engage in interactive storytelling with other role-players as their characters. An ethnographic approach combining overt participant observation and engagement, semi-structured interviews, and artifact collection was used to explore and describe the social information behaviors of role-players through the lens of the theory of information worlds. The social types evident in the role-playing community in WildStar, a science fantasy-themed MMORPG, are closely interrelated to and differentiated by social norms and information values that dictate acceptable characters, stories, character actions, and appropriate lore sources as well as how to role-play without violating the boundary between in- and out-of-character information worlds. Role-players maintained the in-character and out-of-character boundary using a set of specific information behaviors to enable engaging and immersive role-playing experiences. Implications of the findings for the theory of information worlds as well as potential applications of role-playing and MMORPGs are also discussed.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.333-359
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• 2010

Both in the East and the West, the most classical question in classical political philosophy was 'what is truly a human virtue and a good life?' 'Human virtue' and 'Good life', and 'good State' are thus essentially tied together. Platon And Confucianism. We began with Platon and Confucianism's definitions of human virtue & good life, and 'good State'. This Essay attempts to systematically approach to what Confucianism thinks as a human virtue and a good life in contrast with Platon. Confucius asserted that the most humane human life is a civilized life and it means to realize the value of 'benevolence as a human virtue. 'Mencius also concurred that Confucius's explication of the good life was right. Moreover, he argued that to realize this, political practice should follow. Mencius discussed about 'Four Virtues', the essential goodness of human, confirmed by 'Four Clues (四端)' to talk about the possibility of realizing the good life and a good state. On the other hand, he devised Politics of benevolence.)' as a practical tool for it. An classica eastern philosophy(platon and confucianism) consider a human beings as human relationship. Confucianism believe in reality of the human mind & it's nature. Confucian human mind & it's nature is comprised of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. Confucianism proposed that we have to approach to other man as benevolence.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.165-186
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• 2021

Startups are undergoing a change throughout the growth process of startups that appear in existing studies as they move away from the existing B2B or B2C frame and expand their target customer groups to O2O, C2C. In this regard, a new type of startup known as unicorns, a unicorn which has grown rapidly in a short period of time, is being created by successfully attracting government support and external investment in recognition of the potential value of the startup. This study examined the relationship between investment attraction and growth after founding for five representative unicorns in the U.S. and Korea. As a result, it was found that private investment in Korea is passive and defensive, and is attracted after the Series A stage, compared to the U.S., where the growth potential of the startup ecosystem is positively evaluated. In addition, it found that government's support policy throughout the startup's growth process is an abstract and comprehensive policy focusing on initial funding for startups. Therefore, it was suggested that the scope of government policies should be expanded to forster startups as unicorns, and that it is necessary to establish and implement differentiated support policies for each growth of the scale-up of startups. This study is significant in that it presented the criteria for the growth stage and support of startups as well as policy support for scale-up through practical case analysis of unicorns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.270-279
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• 2022

In this paper, system dynamics considering dynamics and time was examined to study the changes in system structure according to reinforcement (policy intervention) of regulation and punishment for fishing boats, and the strategizing directions were analyzed. Until now, regulations and punishments on fishing boats have been conducted temporarily and short-term as a precautionary measure to prevent accidents and imposed penalties. However, due to various anomalous side effects, the expected results were not achieved, negligent accidents occurred constantly, and follow-up measures were repeated. Resultantly, the regulation and punishment of fishing boats is a reinforced safety standard, and there is a necessity to improve facilities, equipment, and industry, and develop technology (including time delay) to prevent accidents. However, as the negative (illegal) activities continue without immediate and significant resistance, the safety blind spot for accident prevention cannot be minimized. Thus, policy intervention based on linear thinking without sufficiently considering variables of the dynamic mechanism and time can distort the basic values pursued by the policy. For the regulation and punishment of fishing boats, a strategy to supplement the mechanism should be prepared prior to the preparation of reinforced safety standards. Improvement and development of related technologies, mandatory training hours for anglers, fishing industry, and related organizations, proposal of specific action plan for Fishing Management and Promotion Act for growing fishing-related industries.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.315-347
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• 2019

(1986) and (1987) represent the society of 1980s in which the professional baseball game was initiated to cover the irrational military culture. The love and marriage of sports players were the headlines of the media, and the yearly salary of the players was the hottest issue of conversation. The military culture is represented in the scenes where the coaches train the failures and inapt players in extreme drills. The films pinpoint the absurdity of military culture and win-at-all-costs mentality. The collapse of the dictatorial leadership at the end of the films is a metaphor for the collapse of the fifth Republic of Korea. The episodes where the players talk about contract money, and the trade of players and sports business were a new phenomenon of the 1980's. The fact that Oh Hyesung of chooses love instead of victory deals a big blow to the secular ambition for money, victory and dictatorial leadership. His option provides catharsis for an audience oppressed under military leadership and success driven ideology. On the other hand, Oh Hyesung of dies right at the moment of winning the world champion. He achieves neither love nor success. While Oh Hyesung of is a symbol of pure love and gives spiritual comfort to the audience, Oh Hyesung of gives a sense of hopelessness to the audience. Both of the two sports films reflect the representation of the 1980's but received opposing reviews from audiences.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.543-563
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• 2020

This study explores how the teaching practices of two teachers changed during scientific modeling classes. It also aims to understand these changes in terms of the teachers' modeling pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) development. The study participants were two elementary school teachers and their fifth-grade students. The teachers taught eight lessons of scientific modeling classes about the human body. The data analysis was conducted for lessons 1-2 and 7-8, which best showed the change in teaching practice. The two teachers' teaching practices were analyzed in terms of feedback frequency, feedback content, and the time allocated for each stage of model generation, evaluation, and modification. Teacher A led the evaluation and modification stages in a teacher-driven way throughout the classes. In terms of feedback, teacher A mainly used answer evaluation feedback in lesson 1-2; however, in lesson 7-8, the feedback content changed to thought-provoking feedback. Meanwhile, teacher B mostly led a teacher-driven model evaluation and modification in lesson 1-2; however, in lesson 7-8, she let her students lead the model evaluation and modification stages and helped them develop models through various feedbacks. The analysis shows that these teaching changes were related to the development of modeling PCK components. Furthermore, the two teachers' modeling PCK differed in teaching orientation, in understanding the modeling stages, and in recognizing the value of modeling, suggesting the importance of these in modeling teaching practice. This study can help improve the understanding of modeling classes by revealing the relationship between teaching practices and modeling PCK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.274-290
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• 2019

In order for the science museum to play a role as a foundation for strengthening the national creative capability, which is the core of the advanced national development paradigm, it is important to gather the capacities of the nation's science museums and establish a platform to cooperate in a shared value system. Science museum is an independent operating system, and there is a lack of strong connections among national, public and private science museums. The existing integrated collaboration system of science museums-centered can be studied first and promoted to develop programs for the free school year according to a specific topic. The same system of science museum-inclusion which link local cultural institutions or cultural places as science culture program were also studied to do the same purpose. On the basis of problems drawn from studies of integrated collaboration systems of each participating science museum, we proposed a convergence integrated collaboration systems of science museum-centered and science museum-inclusion. To this end, data were collected from practitioners of 7 representing science museums including 5 national ones. In order to suggest improvements, we also contacted five international science museums to collect the exemplary cases. Considering the regional characteristics, science museum-inclusion integrated collaboration systems considering the cultural characteristics and the science museum-centered integrated collaboration systems for free school semesters, were developed and tried by practitioners who participated in this research. It was found that integrated collaboration system can be more activated for the community. This suggests that support from the national level or at the level of regional autonomy is essential and the connection with the curriculum is necessary for the integrated collaboration system program. Finally, professional experts such as program development or commentator can be a decisive role.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-92
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• 2006

Providing archival information services is one of the important tasks carried out by archives. The archives, now, make efforts to provide user-oriented information services which can help users to utilize records and archives more easily. This study reviews and compares user-oriented information services, which National Archives in UK, USA, and Australia have provided actively, in terms of learning support services, research support services, and Special services for public. And then, the study suggests the strategies for improving user-oriented archival information services for archives and the institutes of records management.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2000

Recently, tourism industry is on the trend of expanding its activity arena, boosted by revitalization of regional economy and reorganization of urban environment, undertaken for the purpose of place marketing. However, Korea has not been able to develop a variety of tourism itineraries that can attract the interest of tourists because most tourism resources are isolated with single function. This constraint has prevented tourism industry in Korea from attaining competitiveness. In attempting to overcome this constraint, this study seeks to develop tourism itineraries by constructing and utilizing database on historical and cultural tourism resources based on the case of Kangneung City. Through the construction of information system on historical and cultural resources and tourism support facilities, optimal tourism itineraries that take into account maintenance conditions, types, values, lodging availabilities and accessibility of tourism resource areas can be developed. Moreover, it is expected that this information system will have a high level of usage in the future, for it can provide a wide range of tourism services on the internet and education materials as well as facilitate resources management.