• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and the anti-inflammatory effects of Danpitang(DPT) extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : The macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were used and MTT assay was performed to measure the cell viabilities at the various concentrations of DPT($50-400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Nitric oxide(NO) was measured in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Expressions of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were also performed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 was confirmed by western blot. The anti-oxidant activities of DPT was measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. There was no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells treated with DPT compared to the control. 2. DPT treated group significantly inhibited NO production compared to the LPS treated group. 3. DPT treated group significantly decreased mRNA expressions of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 compared to the LPS treated group. 4. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, Adverse events, SCORAD Index Assessment were conducted; There were no severe adverse events during this study. And SCORAD Index showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group in baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Therefore, it is suggested that products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. 5. DPT was found to have high DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Conclusions : According to the above results, DPT can be used as a therapy in various anti-inflammatory skin diseases.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the usability of and satisfaction with two types of computer-aided design (CAD) software among users who had experience with dental implant CAD software and those who did not. Materials and Methods: Dental technicians (n = 20) who had previous experience with dental implant CAD Software and students from the College of Dentistry (n = 12) who had never designed implant custom abutments were asked to evaluate two types of CAD Software, Exocad and Deltanine. In addition, the participants were asked to fill out a structured questionnaire (Section 1: Entering basic information and retrieving files; Section 2: Setting conditions before abutment design; Section 3: Setting abutment design; and Section 4: Overall satisfaction). For the statistical analysis of the collected data, Mann-Whitney U test was used (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: The ease of design and satisfaction with the implant CAD Software, evaluated with respect to 21 statements divided into four Stages, were significantly higher for Exocad in both groups for Secion 1. For Sections 2 and 3, participants with experience evaluated Deltanine to be significantly better. For Section 4, both groups evaluated Exocad Software to be better. Conclusion: Overall, the Exocad Software was evaluated as having better usability and offering greater satisfaction. However, in terms of performance in the core of the design process, i.e. Sections 2 and 3, Deltanine was rated higher by the experienced users. Thus, if the user interface design parts are supplemented, Deltanine CAD Software could be put to a wider use in clinics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.24-58
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the Efficacy and Safety of "Functional cosmetics containing Humulus japonicus Extract" on dry skin due to mild atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 48 patients who visited Semyung Oriental Medical Center from March 20th, 2018 to July 5th, 2018 were included in the study. In this study, the patients were treated with Functional cosmetics containing Humulus japonicus Extract and positive control group. For 6 weeks of gross examination, instrumental assessment were made before and after the study to evaluate how well the products for treatment group with positive control products for control group in recovering the dry skin barriers by mild atopic dermatitis. Results : 1. In the primary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase and Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL) showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group between Baseline and 6 weeks. 2. In the secondary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase in treatment group between Baseline and 3 weeks, but TEWL showed no statistical significance. 3. In the secondary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase in treatment group between 3 weeks and 6 weeks, but TEWL showed no statistical significance. 4. In the secondary endpoint, Change of Skin Hydration and TEWL between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 6 weeks. 5. In the secondary endpoint, Change of Skin Hydration of 1cm below the medial aspect of the elbow between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 3 weeks. 6. In the secondary endpoint, Change of Skin Hydration between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 3 weeks and 6 weeks except Center between the medial aspect of the elbow and the wrist in 3 weeks, and Change of TEWL between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 6 weeks. 7. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, Adverse events, EASI Score, Itching Symptoms Assessment, vital sign check were conducted; There were no severe adverse events during this study. And both experimental group and control group showed no abnormal level. Therefore, it is suggested that products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. Conclusions : According to the above experiments, it is suggested that "Functional cosmetics containing Humulus japonicus Extract" should be effective for dry skin due to mild atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2019

Objectives: The effects of particulate matter and ozone on health are being reported in a number of studies. These effects are likely to be stronger on the elderly population, but studies in this regard are scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of particulate matter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ and ozone on the acute health status of the elderly population. Methods: In order to analyze the health status of the elderly population, the NHIS-Senior Cohort data was used. In this study of people 60 years or older in Seoul, the number of outpatient visits and ER visits between 2002 and 2013 were calculated. Each disorder and the lag effect were analyzed separately. Particulate matter and ozone were analyzed using both the single exposure model and the adjusted multi-exposure model. Results: In the single exposure analysis with PM2.5 as the exposure variable, with each increase of $10{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0081 times, vascular disease 1.0065 times, chronic pulmonary disease 1.0086 times, and diabetes 1.0055 times. In the multi-exposure model adjusting for ozone, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0066 times. There was a one-day lag effect and 1.0066 times increase between PM2.5 and ER visits in the multi-exposure model and 1.0057 times when adjusted for ozone (p value <0.10). There was a one-day lag effect in all multi-exposure models with ozone as the main variable, and when the particulate matter was adjusted, there was a one-day delay and 1.0143 times increase in ER visits. Conclusions: In our study, an increase in the number of outpatient and ER visits in the elderly population in accordance with the increase in PM2.5 and ozone was found. The association found in our study could also produce a socioeconomic burden. Future studies need to be performed in regards to younger populations and other air pollutants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

Objectives : The processing of Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma is a crucial step to reduce the severe acrid irritation mainly due to the needle-like crystals (raphides). Ginger, alum and bile juice have been used as adjuvant materials for the processing. Methods : Bibliographic research on ancient processing and experimental processing was performed to investigate the toxicity reduction mechanisms of the processing with ginger, alum and bile juice. Results : Ginger has been a major adjuvant for the processing of Pinelliae Tuber, followed by alum and bile juice since Song (宋) and Myeong (明) dynasties, and Arisaematis Rhizoma has been mainly used as Damnamseong (膽南星). The raphides consisting of calcium oxalate, lectin, agglutinin and polysaccharides can induce acrid irritation and the inflammatory reactions. The lipophilic components in the ginger denatured the structure of raphides and 6-gingerol-contained ginger extract attenuated the inflammatory reaction. The calcium ion (Ca²⁺) of calcium oxalate was substituted to the aluminium ion (Al³⁺) of the alum, which damaged the calcium oxalate structure. Lectin attached to the surface of raphides was dissolved in alum solution and consequently its structure was denatured. The cholate in the bile juice formed the complex with the oxalate anion or the calcium cation. Moreover, the enzymes activated by Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium during the fermentation promoted the fragmentation of oxalate. Conclusion : The adjuvant materials damaged the raphides by denaturing or degrading the calcium oxalate, resulting in the reduction of acrid irritation. Further experimental studies would support the toxicity reduction mechanism of the processing.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2021

In removable partial dentures, many types of retentive systems have been studied and applied in clinical treatment. One of those systems is the double crown denture system which is widely used in European countries such as Germany and Sweden. Telescopic double crown dentures have several advantages such as convenience in maintaining oral hygiene, enabling to transfer occlusal force along the long axis of the abutment, and secondary splinting effect between the abutments which leads to higher clinical performance compared to conventional removal partial dentures. In this clinical case, the patient was initially restored with a maxillary hybrid telescopic double crown denture with friction pin using remaining natural teeth as abutments. After 7 years, due to lack of recall check-up and poor oral hygiene, the abutment teeth were affected by periodontitis and 4 out of 5 of the abutment teeth had to be extracted. 3 additional implants were placed and the original abutment tooth with the inner crown was maintained. The mandible had fixed prostheses including implants but nevertheless, with strategic implant placement, the patient adapted well and was satisfied with the new maxillary tooth-implant combined double crown denture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.79 no.6
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• pp.323-331
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for management of pain during and after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic tumor. Materials and Methods: All patients were divided into non-TPVB (4 patients, 4 sessions of RFA for 4 tumors) and TPVB group (5 patients, 7 sessions of RFAs for 7 tumors). Ultrasound (US)-guided TPVB was performed at T7 level. The 15 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine was injected into right paravertebral space before RFA. If patients complained pain and asked analgesics or experienced pain with verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) of more than 4, fentanyl $25{\mu}g$ (up to $100{\mu}g$), pethidine 25 mg, and midazolam 0.05 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) were sequentially given intravenously during RFA. Results: Total intravenous morphine equivalence of analgesics before, during, and after RFA was 129.1 mg and 0.0 mg in non-TPVB and TPVB group, respectively. Conclusion: US-guided TPVB may be an effective and safe anesthetic method for decreasing or eliminating pain during and after RFA for hepatic tumor and helpful in decreasing the usage of opioids.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction effects of individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation on the onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. A total of 50,954 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2012 and aged 30 years or above were included. We classified patients into six groups according to individual income level and neighborhood deprivation: 'high in advantaged,' 'high in disadvantaged,' 'middle in advantaged,' 'middle in disadvantaged,' 'low in advantaged,' and 'low in disadvantaged.' We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of onset of diabetes complication and diabetes-related hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazard model, with the reference group as diabetes patients with high income in advantaged regions. Results: In terms of the interaction effects of individual income level and regional socioeconomic level, even with the same low individual income level, the group with a high regional socioeconomic level (low in advantaged) showed low HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.08) compared to the 'low in disadvantaged' group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). In addition, the 'high in advantaged' group showed slightly higher HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to the 'low in advantaged' and it appeared to be associated with slight mitigation of the risk of diabetes complication. For the low-income level, the patients in disadvantaged regions showed the highest HRs for diabetes-related hospitalization (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Although we need to perform further investigations to reveal the mechanisms that led to our results, interaction effects individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation might be associated with on onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.262-271
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• 2020

To restore a tooth with a fracture line extending below the marginal bone level, a surgical crown lengthening procedure accompanied by ostectomy could be considered to expose the fracture line and reestablish the biologic width. However, this procedure could lead to esthetic failure, especially in the anterior teeth. Therefore, orthodontic extrusion, which elevates the fracture line from within the alveolar socket without sacrificing the supporting bone and gingiva, is recommended. This technique allows for the proper placement of the crown on a sound tooth structure, with the reestablishment of the biologic width. Alternatively, surgical extrusion is an one-step procedure that is simpler and less time-consuming than orthodontic extrusion; placing and adjusting the orthodontic appliance does not require multiple visits. This study presents successful restoration in 2 cases with a crown-tooth root fracture of the maxillary central incisor treated using a multidisciplinary approach through orthodontic extrusion or surgical extrusion followed by successful restoration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2021

Skin hypopigmentation, which is observed in albinism or vitiligo, occurs when melanin synthesis is decreased by genetic, epigenetic, and other factors. To identify drug candidates that can promote melanin synthesis in cells, we screened an epigenetic modulator library consisting of 141 cell-permeable, small molecule drugs. B16/F10 murine melanoma cells were treated with each drug at 0.1 𝜇M and melanin synthesis and cell viability were subsequently monitored. As a result, (-)-neplanocin A, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), and DZNep hydrochloride were found to increase cellular melanin synthesis without causing cytotoxicity. Because these three structurally related drugs exhibited similar dose-dependent effects on melanin synthesis and cell viability, DZNep was selected as a representative drug for additional experiments. DZNep increased intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity. DZNep also induced the expression of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) at the mRNA and protein levels. DZNep also induced the mRNA and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanin synthesis. DZNep is a specific inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and it caused the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine that inhibits histone methyltransferases in cells. This study suggests that melanogenesis can be modulated by targeting S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in certain cellular contexts.