• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1339-1344
• /
• 1998

To develop natural flavoring substances, optimal hydrolysis conditions for two stage enzyme hydrolysates (TSEH) using small kingfish (Maegari) were investigated. The optimal conditions for TSEH were revealed in temperature at $50^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours digestion with alcalase (Aroase AP-10, pH 8.0) at the 1st stage and 2 hours digestion at $45^{\circ}C$ with neutrase (Pandidase NP-2, pH 6.0) at the 2nd stage. From the results in quality tests of water extracts, autolytic extracts and 4 kinds of enzyme hydrolysates, TSEH processing method was superior to other methods on the aspects of yield, nitrogen contents, taste such as umami intensity and inhibition of off-flavor formation, and transparency of extracts. We may conclude that TSEH from small kingfish was more flavorable compared with the conventional seasoning materials, it could be utilized as the seasoning substances for fisheries processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.10
• /
• pp.1363-1368
• /
• 2008

The extraction and quantitative analysis conditions for astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, and the structural characteristics of H. pluvialis extract, H. pluvialis hydrolysate and synthetic astaxanthin were investigated using UV/visible and FT-IR spectrometers. Astaxanthin was dissolved in methanol, and then treated to enhance the solubility by sonication for 45 min. With sonication pretreatment, the solubility of astaxanthin increased up to 1.5 times compared to that without sonication. The extracts were hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase for the analysis of H. pluvialis extract containing astaxanthin ester. A HPLC method using reverse phase C18 column with methanol-water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase was developed to analyze astaxanthin. After hydrolysis, the absorption spectrum of H. pluvialis hydrolysat was changed to similar pattern to synthetic astaxanthin, confirming the extraction and analysis condition of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.606-613
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of a residual product of coffee (RC). RC oil extracted with n-hexane at $60({\pm}10)^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. In this study, the cytotoxicity of RC oil was observed against B16F10 melanoma cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by water solubletetrazolium salt-1 assay, and The RC oil measured by methods of DPPH radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. As a result, the RC oil treatment-related cytotoxic effects appeared on B16F10 melanoma cells from 0.125 to $2{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells from 0.125 to $0.5{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ concentrations in this study. RC oil is radical scavenging activity concentrations on dependent. The antimicrobial activity of RC oil ($150{\mu}l/{\ell}$) was determined by clear zone method. Straphylococcus epidermidis, Straphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans showed clear zone by each $11.3{\pm}0.4$, $12.{\pm}0.7$, $12.0{\pm}0.0$, $0.0{\pm}0.0mm$. It is suggested that RC oil have effects on the cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial that could be applicable to cosmetics as a new material.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2016

A purification method was established for high-purity chondroitin sulfate from skate cartilage. Hydrolytic extraction of skate backbone cartilage was investigated with the proteases alcalase and protamex, and the extraction contents of chondroitin sulfate were measured with several physicochemical processes. The yield of extract from skate cartilage with $40^{\circ}Brix$ concentration was 23.3% with 2% alcalase hydrolysis, which was decreased to 8.47% and 3.37% with the first and second additional ethanol purifications, respectively. The yield was 16.62% with one ethanol purification after hydrolysis with a mixture of 1% alcalase and 1% protamex. The content of chondroitin sulfate was measured as 39.88-45.08% with different ratios of ethanol solvent. The content was 42.92% at a solvent ratio of 1:1 with alcalase protease and 45.08% with a ratio of 1:2 using a protease mixture of alcalase and protamex. The molecular weight range of chondroitin sulfate was about 110-310 thousand Da, and the purity of chondroitin sulfate was 24.87-49.92% with a mixture of alcalase and protamex in GPC analysis. The maximum purity of chondroitin sulfate was 53.93% after ultrafiltration. The odor strength of chondroitin sulfate was decreased by 33% and 38% after ethanol purification and additional filtration with activated carbon, respectively. The odor concentration of ammonia and TMA from chondroitin sulfate was decreased by 52.1% and 37.89% with activated carbon filtration and two ethanol purifications, respectively, but it was necessary to eliminate the odor components efficiently using additional physicochemical processes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.475-481
• /
• 1999

Yeast extracts were prepared using either autolysis or enzymatic digestion methods for industrial application of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae B24 strain developed previously to have high RNA content. Extraction ratio of yeast extract from yeast cell reached 65% when autolysis of yeast slurry having 10% solid content was induced at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0 by agitating with 100 rpm. However, neither 5'-IMP nor 5'-GMP was detected from the autolyzate. In another attempt to prepare a yeast extract S. cerevisiae B24 culture was treated at $90^{\circ}C$ and then treated by various enzymes including ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$, phosphodiesterase (nuclease P1), adenylic deaminase, and a protease. The yeast extract prepared by the enzymatic digestion method contained 3.2g of 5'-IMP and 5'-GMP/100g dry yeast extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 1983

The composition of four rice protein groups is greatly affected by the extraction conditions. The extraction amounts of albumins and glubulines primarily depended on the temperature rather than the method of extraction. The total amount of glutelins, the major components of rice storage proteins, could be extracted by a successive extraction processes, extraction with 0.5% SDS-0.1M borate buffer(pH 8.3) followed by extraction with 0.5% SDS-0.6% ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol-0.1M$ borate buffer(pH 8.3). The extracted amounts of glutelin with these solvents were 54.1 and 45% respectively. The further purification of SDS soluble glutelins was achieved by Sephadex G-150 gel column chromatography. The molecular weight of the components in four protein groups has been estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol.$ The comparison of albumins and globulins by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 3.1 permitted us to identify seven rice varieties. However, at pH 8.95, the specific bands for Japonica type rice varieties were observed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2005

Potential for measuring mobile cadmium concentration in sandy soil using polymer magnetic beads with carboxyl groups was investigated. Experiments for extracting cadmium were performed with contaminated soils, de-ionized water and magnetic beads. In this neutral experimental condition, reacting cadmium with magnetic beads indicate total amount of cadmium that can be moved in soil. The results showed that the mobile fraction of cadmium in soil could be combined with magnetic beads in short time. After binding between cadmium and magnetic beads, the beads were separated from soil suspension by outer magnetic force. The bound cadmium was dissolved from magnetic beads by acid solutions, which were then analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). This method can determine mobile heavy metals in sandy soil effectively than existing method which use pollutant chemicals to environments such as EDTA.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.535-542
• /
• 2014

A simple and efficient preconcentration method was developed using three-phase liquid phase microextraction prior to HPLC-UV for simultaneous extraction and determination of tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline). The tetracycline antibiotics were separated simultaneously on a column ($C_8$, $3.0{\times}150mm$, $3{\mu}m$) with high selectivity and sensitivity using gradient elution. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, heptanal; pH of donor, 9.0; pH of acceptor, 1.0; stirring speed, 700 rpm; NaCl salt, 0%; and extraction time, 60 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 5.6 and 22.3. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of $0.08{\sim}0.8{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.4{\sim}1.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the range of $0.1{\sim}32{\mu}g/mL$ with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.995. The precision (as a relative standard deviation, RSD) and accuracy (as a relative recovery) within working range were 1.3~9.1% and 84~118%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 2010

When pine (Pinus densiflora) needles were fractionated into cold water (PD-CW), hot water (PD-HW) and methanol extract (PD-M), PD-M showed potent simulating activity (1.19-fold of the saline control) for proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells in vitro. MeOH extracts were prepared by homogenization, stirring or reflux to identify the method of methanol extraction, and MeOH extract by reflux method showed significantly highest intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.30-fold) in vitro. The intestinal immune system modulating effect of orally administered PD-M fractionated from pine needles also were studied in mice. Analyzing intestinal immune system modulating activity mediated Peyer's patch cells from C3H/He mice which had been fed with PD-M at different doses for 7 days, 1.0 g/kg of BW/day indicated that the bone marrow cells had proliferated (3.65-fold of 3% EtOH administered group). In addition, the amounts of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells at 1.0 g/kg of BW/day were increased (1.13-fold) whereas the production of GM-CSF was not dose dependent. These results indicate that oral administration of PD-M enhances the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and IL-6 from Peyer's patch cells, and these cytokines also act on modulator of bone marrow cell proliferation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.253-264
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to establish agricultural practices to control diseases and insects for chemical pesticide-free cultivation of leafy vegetables. Two diseases, gray mold(Botrytis cinerea) and soft rot(Erwinia carotovora), on lettuce were reduced by controlling temperature and humidity using air-circulation fan. The aphidophagous lady beetle(Harmonia axyridis) and primary parasitoids(Aphidius colemani) showed activity to control aphids density on Chinese cabbage. Co-application of cooking oil and yolk mixture (COY) and BT(Bacillus thuringiensis) decreased diseases including soft rot(Erwinia carotovora), downy mildew(Peronospora brassicae Gaumann), and powdery mildew(Eryslphe polygoni), and insects such as diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) and beet armyworm(Spodoptera exigua Hubner). Neem extract treatment reduced downy mildew(Peronospora destructor) on Welsh onion.