• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2009

Recent research has revealed that hydrolyzed collagen peptides have beneficial effects in various diseases such as osteoarthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis and also play a protective role in skin by improving the activity of antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel mixture (AP-CPM01) containing collagen peptides and elastin peptides on photoaged hairless mice skin both in vivo and in vitro. To evaluate the effects of AP-CPM01 on UVBinduced skin wrinkle formation in vivo, the hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation and orally administered the AP-CPM01 at 333 mg/kg per day for 10 weeks. The effects on skin appearance and epidermal thickness were measured using bioengineering and histochemical methods. In addition, the influence of AP-CPM01 on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts was also investigated. The skin of mice in the AP-CPM01 treated group had better appearance and less wrinkling than that of mice in the control group. In the human fibroblast cells, the amount of de novo procollagen synthesis was increased after AP-CPM01 treatment, reflecting that AP-CPM01 can induce de novo procollagen synthesis and reduce UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation. These results suggest that AP-CPM01 is a potent candidate for antiphotoaging functions.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2010

New cinnamate group-containing copolymers for a self-curable, humidity-sensitive polyelectrolyte and polymeric anchoring agents were prepared by copolymerization of [2-[(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]dimethyl]propyl ammonium bromide(MEPAB), methyl methacrylate(MMA), 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate(TMSPM) and 2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate(CEMA). Photocrosslinkable copolymer composed of MEPAB/MMA/TMSPM/CEMA＝70/20/0/10 were used for humidity-sensitive membrane, and those of 50/0/20/30 and 0/0/50/50 were used for polymeric anchoring agents. 3- (Triethoxysilyl)propyl cinnamate(TESPC) was also used as a surface-pretreating agent for the comparison of capability of attachment of polyelectrolyte to the electrode surface with polymeric photocurable silanecoupling agents. Pretreatment of the electrode substrate with anchoring agents was performed to form a cinnamate thin film on the electrode through covalent bonds. When the sensors were irradiated with UV light, the anchoring of a polyelectrolyte into the substrate was carried out via the [2$\pi$+2$\pi$] cycloaddition. The resulting sensors using polymeric anchoring agents and TESPC showed water durability with increase of resistance by 60~85%, which is corresponding to the reduction of 2.25~3.15%RH, after soaking in water for 24 h. They showed good hysteresis (-0.2%RH), response time (90 sec) and long-term stability at high temperature and humidity.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.345-377
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• 2017

Jang Hyeongwang is one of the leading scholars since the era of Toe'gye and Yulgok in Korean Confucianism. Thus, this paper will summarize his schooling, i.e., education in local school(Hyanggyo), specific activities, and the meaning of moral education. Although Toe'gye and Yulgok recognized the problems of local school and their indictment revealed in 16th century, they sought different solutions to overcome the issues. Toe'gye paid attention to establishment of local academy(Seowon) and strengthening its stature in order to renew Confucian education while Yulgok kept an eye on reformation of local school as government educational institution for revitalizing schooling, fostering the talented and establishing moral discipline. In this context, I will summarize Yeoheon's perspective on schooling in terms of the difference with Toe'gye and Yulgok's ideas. Especially, I will analyze his problematique paying attention to restoration of moral order in local communities devastated since Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and how it makes connection with local education and its implication. Furthermore, I will systematically examine the educational regulation of Indong local school(Indong Hyanggyo) he proposed and what its contents and real body he intended. In addition to these, I will suggest how much Yeohon's ideas on local education are meaningful in moral education and what kind of insightful things they would give us in current educational environments.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2002

Effects of artificial and solar W-B radiation on five rhodophytes (Curdiea racovitzae, Gigaytina skottsbergii, Mazzaella obovata, Myriogramme manginii, Palmaria decipiens) from Antarctica have been investigated using PAM fluorescence in laboratory and in the field. Laboratory studies showed that there were significant differences in the UV sensitivity between different species, and that the differences appeared to be correlated with the depth of collection of the specimens. It was apparent from the observations that the samples such as M. manginii and P. decipiens collected from 20-30 m depths were move sensitive to W-B radiation compared with those collected from shallower depths, The present study confirmed that an acclimation to the surrounding light regime could be an important factor to determine the UV-sensitivity of a species or individuals and that PAM measurements are rapid and non-destructive methods to evaluate UV influences. From field studies on M. manginii and P. decipiens it was observed that both plants exhibited changes in the effective quantum yield, with the minimum values nt noon followed by n recovery in the evening. Photoinhibition occurred in these species could therefore be accounted for by so- called dynamic photoinhibition. It seems likely that this protective mechanism may contribute to survival of the species in shallow water where they may encounter intense solar radiation. The presence or absence of the W- B component under solar radiation differently affected the photosynthetic recovery process, and the rate of recovery was much stoney in UV- present than in W- absent conditions. Functional role of W- B appears to delay the recovery of photosynthesis in the studied macroalgae. Differential sensitivity to UV-B recognised between M. manginii and P. decipiens seemed to correspond well with the amount of UV-absorbing substances (UVAS) contained in the respective species. Higher tolerance to solar radiation by the latter species may be due to the higher amount of UVAS. There were variations of UVAS concentrations in algal thalli depending on the season and depth of collection.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 2008

Hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp dipeptide are the digestive products of collagen hydrolysate called collagen peptide. Some suggested that collagen peptides could improve aged or damaged skins, however, the effects of collagen peptides on the skin have not been known. In this study, we investigated the effects of digestive products of collagen peptides, hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp dipeptide on skin quality using the UV-damaged dorsal skin of hairless mouse as a model system. Female SKH hairless mice were pre-irradiated with UV for 7 weeks, and then hydroxyproline, Pro-Hyp dipeptide were orally administered for 7 weeks with UV irradiation. Wrinkle formation (by replica image), skin elasticity, barrier status (by TEWL, transepidermal water loss), epidermis thickness, and biophysical changes in the stratum comeum (by hematoxylin & eosin staining) were examined. With the oral peptide treatment, effects such as skin barrier maintenance, anti-skin thickening, and recovery of the stratum corneum were observed. These results indicate that oral intake of collagen peptides may have beneficial effects on damaged skin cells.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the lateral stem growth, and the change of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) status of 'Zenith' zoysiagrass under shaded conditions. Well-established turf was subjected to a full sun, 47%, and 77% shade in a field study. Three different rates of flurprimidol (FP: 0.2, 0.4, and $0.8\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), paclobutrazol (PB: 0.16, 0.32, and $0.64\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), and trinexapac-ethyl (TE: 0.04, 0.08, and $0.16\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) were applied. Lateral development of 'Zenith' zoysiagrass decreased with increasing shade levels. However, compared with control plots, total stolon length and stolon number increased two fold at 0.2, $0.4\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ FP, and $0.16\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ PB under full sun. Under 77% shading, stolon number increased by 170% and total stolon length increased by 140% at $0.8\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ FP. Tiller number increased by 40% at $0.08\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ TE under full sun, and by 72% at $0.16\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ TE under 77% shading. The TNC contents of turfgrass treated with $0.8\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ FP and $0.16\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ TE increased by 50% as compared with control. Remarkably, nonstructural carbohydrates (NC) partitioning was enhanced by PGRs from leaf tissue to lateral stem tissue, which increased lateral development and may have contributed to recuperative rate. These results suggested that treatments of proper rate of PGRs could enhance the recuperative rate of 'Zenith' zoysiagrass by increasing lateral stem growth especially in shaded conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

The authors examined the response of electrocardiogram (ECG) of Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio [Linnaeus] to light stimuli. The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of light stimuli (10, 100, and 400 lux) were given to fishes with an electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes. The results which are divided into by day and by night and then analyzed by fishes conditions are as follows : 1. Mirror carps reached a stable condition 5 minutes after anesthesia. In this condition, the average heart rate was 64.9 beat/min by day and 65.3 beat/min by night. And the average action potential was 36.9 nV by day and 32.9 nV by night. 2. The average heart rate by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 68.7 beat/min by day and 46.0 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 53.4 beat/min by day and 44.1 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 53.2 beat/min by day and 40.1 beat/min by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 67.9 beat/min by day and 57.2 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 68.8 beat/min by day and 61.0 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 69.6 beat/min by day and 63.6 beat/min by night. 3. The average action potential by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 59.1 nV by day and 24.0 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 26.8 nV by day and 45.6 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 71.7 nV by day and 14.4 nV by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 38.8 nV by day and 27.3 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 29.0 nV by day and 39.3 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 66.4 nV by day and 21.4 nV by night.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2004

Chronic exposure to solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet (UV) light, causes a variety of adverse reactions on human skin, such as sunburn, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage. And, repeated-UV irradiation activated the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and induced skin irritation. Therefore, the development of effective and safe photoprotectants that can reduce and improve the skin damage has been required. The purpose of this study was to investigate the photo-protective effect of several chinese medical plants (Juniperus chinensis) on the UV -induced skin cell damages. We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. Fluorometric assays of the proteolytic activities of MMP-1 (collagenase) were performed using fluorescent collagen substrates. UVA induced MMP-1 synthesis and activity were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin-based zymography in skin fibroblasts. We also examined anti-inflammatory effects by the determination test of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Expression of prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$) after UVB irradiation was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay(EIA) using PGE$_2$ monoclonal antibody. In the human skin we tested anti-irritation effect on the SLS-induced damage skin after appling the extract containing emulsion. We found that Juniperus chinensis extract had potent radical scavenging effect by 98% at 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. The extract of Juniperus chinensis showed strong inhibitory effect on MMP-1 activities by 97% at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and suppressed the UVA induced expression of MMP-1 by 79% at 25$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. This extract also showed strong inhibition on MMP-2 activity in UVA irradiated fibroblast by zymography. In the test of proinflammatory cytokines of human keratinocytes Juniperus chinensis extract decreased expression of interleukin 6 about 30%. The amount of PGE$_2$ by HaCaT keratinocytes was significantly increased at the doses of above 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of UVB (p < 0.05). At the concentrations of 3.2-25$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of this extract, the production of PGE$_2$ by HaCaT keratinocytes (24 h after 10mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ UVB irradiation) was significantly inhibited in culture supernatants (p < 0.05). In SLS-induced skin irritation model in vivo, we found to reduce skin erythema and improve barrier recovery after appling Juniperus chinensis extract containing emulsion when compared to irritated non-treated and placebo-treated skin. Our results suggest that Juniperus chinensis extract can be effectively used for the prevention of UV and SLS-induced adverse skin reactions and applied as anti-aging and anti-irritation cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.611-621
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of collagen peptide intake extracted from the tilapia fish (TFCP) on UVB-induced skin in hairless mice. To cause photoaging, the hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation three times a week and TFCP was administered with 545 and 1090 mg/kg once a day for 12 weeks. The level of wrinkle formation, thickness of the skin, acute erythema, skin hydration, amount of hydroxyproline, expression of MMPs and filaggrin were measured. Wrinkle formation, thickness of the skin, and acute erythema were significantly lower and skin hydration was higher in the TFCP intake group compared to the UVB-control mice group. In addition, the amount of the collagen and hydroxyproline of the collagen peptide intake group were much higher than the UVB-control group. Oral administration of TFCP inhibited the expression of the MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA level as well as activated MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by UV irradiation, and increased the protein expression of filaggrin in hairless mice skin. In summary, the oral administration of TFCP can inhibit wrinkle formation and protect the skin from UV-damage. Therefore, this study suggests that TFCP is a potential candidate material for skin functional foods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.564-567
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• 2012

Optical fibers are going to be used for telecommunication, image fibers, sensors under irradiation in nuclear power plants and various irradiation facilities. Especially, Temperature detection sensors using Raman light scattering, temperature or strain sensors using fiber gratings, magnet-optical sensors using photo-magnetic effect, are already commercialized. However, When fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation, color centers are formed in fibers which reduces their light transmission, and it is limited in applying under radiation environments. In this study, $Co^{60}$ gamma-ray induced optical attenuation on Ge-doped single mode(SM) fiber has been measured. Gamma-ray is irradiated for 4hours at the dose rate of 0.5kGy/hr, 2kGy/hr, 8kGy/hr. Consequently, gamma-ray induced loss based on radiation effects in Ge-doped SM fiber occur precisely. Furthermore, dose rate effect that the higher dose rate in the same total dose, the more increase loss of optical fiber and annealing effect that the higher the loss after irradiation, the more increase the recovery rate of the loss are observed in the fiber. This results plan to make use of bases in the study of the radiation-hardened optical fiber.