• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.511-518
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• 1998

In order to develop the aerosol bolus technique which is thought to be a potential tool for probing geometries or abnormalities of small airways, an experimental system of measuring fast time variations of particle concentration in the inhaled and exhaled breathing air was developed. The system generates monodisperse sebacic acrid particles of 1 micron size and 1.2 of geometric standard deviation in high concentration of $10^8$ particles/cc, delivers a short pulse of particles at the controlled instant during inhalation using a solenoid valve, and measures the fast change of particle concentration in using the laser light scattering. Successful operation of the generator and the measuring system was confirmed by smooth concentration profiles in inhalation. It was also confirmed that maintaining a constant breathing rate is essential to stable outputs and any disturbance in flow rate near the mode (maximum concentration) induces a large number of spurious peaks in the exhalation. Experimental data without strict control of breathing flow rate showed a substantial amount of scatter. The measured results showed an improvement in scatter over the existing results. When compared with theoretical predictions from 1-D convective diffusion equation and other experiments, general characteristics of dispersion for several penetration depths showed a good agreement, but there exists some difference in absolute values, which is attributed to the difference in body conditions. Improvements are needed in the theory, especially in relation to correcting for the effect of breathing flow rate.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 2009

We investigated the growth of ZnO thin films with prominent emission characteristics through minimizing the formation of defects by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). To do so, the ZnO films were deposited on sapphire(0001) substrates at the substrate temperature of $400-850^{\circ}C$ and then the variation of their structural and optical properties were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope and photoluminescence. As a result, all ZnO films were grown with c-axis preferential orientation irrespective of the substrate temperature. However, the crystallinity and stress state were dependent on the substrate temperature and the ZnO film deposited at $600^{\circ}C$ showed the best surface morphology and crystallinity with nearly no strain. And also this film exhibited outstanding emission characteristics from the viewpoint of full width half maximum of UV emission peak as well as visible emission due to defects. These results indicate that the emission characteristics of the ZnO films are strongly related to their structural characteristics influenced by substrate temperature. Consequently, ZnO films with strong UV emission and nearly no visible emission, which are applicable to UV emission devices, could be grown at the substrate temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ by PLD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2009

최근 광섬유 센서기술의 수요는 전 산업분야에 걸쳐 높아지고 있으며, 이에 비례하여 기업 간, 국가 간 경쟁이 첨예화되고 있다. 또한 소형화, 경량화, 고성능화 센서에 대한 요구도 높아지고 있어 종래의 각종 센서들의 형태와 개선을 위한 연구개발이 매우 활발하게 전개되고 있으므로 이를 대체할 수 있는 광섬유 센서의 수요가 급격히 늘어날 전망이다. 기존 침입자 감지 시스템은 태풍, 낙뢰, 폭설, 폭우 등의 기상변화나 지반 흔들림, 통행차량 진동 및 전자기 간섭 등에 영향을 받아 오작동, 오경보가 빈번히 발생된다. 이러한 문제의 해결책으로 광섬유 센서 케이블을 이용한 시스템이 대안으로 부각되고 있다. 현재 국내에서 군부대, 공항을 중심으로 펜스와 휴전선 철책에 힘입자 감지를 위하여 도입되고 있다. 광섬유 센서 케이블을 사용하는 광망경비시스템은 광섬유 센서 케이블을 그물망 형태(광망)로 만들어 경계 지역에 설치된다. 광망경비시스템의 원리는 광섬유에 광펄스를 입사시켜 순환시키는데 침입자가 광망을 절단하거나 외력을 가할 경우 발생되는 레일리 산란에 기인하는 후방산란과 접속점과 파단점에서 생기는 반사광을 OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)로 검출하여 침입상황 및 침입위치를 탐지한다. 그러나 이러한 침입자 감지를 위한 광망경비시스템의 핵심부품인 광섬유 센서 케이블은 기존에 전량 해외수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이며, 지금까지 국내에서 생산하기 위한 제작 기술과 노하우가 초보단계에 머물러 있다. 이러한 광섬유 센서 케이블 제작에 있어서 중요한 부분이 패키징 기술이라 할 수 있다. 이는 광섬유 센서를 일반적인 피복 구조로 패키징하게 되면, 센서 고유의 특성이 패키징 과정과 운반과정, 포설과정에서 변하게 되고 센서로써의 신뢰성이 크게 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 힘입자 감지용 광섬유 센서 케이블의 설계와 제작을 위한 제조공법을 확립하고, 이를 이용해 제작된 광섬유 센서 케이블의 신뢰성 특성을 평가하였다. 설계 제작된 광섬유 센서 케이블의 구조는 멀티모드광섬유(MMF) 에 0.9 mm Tight buffer를 코팅하고, 광심선 주위에 아라미드 얀을 삽입시킨 후 고문자 수지를 적용하여 외부 피복 (jacket)을 하였다. 제작된 광섬유 센서 케이블의 외경 측정결과 기준치 ($2.95\;{\pm}\;0.03$ mm)를 모두 만족하였고, 850 nm 파장에서의 광 손실 측정 결과 4.0 dB/km 이하였다. 또한 주요 항목의 신뢰성 특성 시험결과, 인장강도는 8~10 kg의 인장력을 갖으며 온도순환시험 ($-30^{\circ}C\;{\sim}\;+75^{\circ}C$)에서의 광 손실은 0.6 dB 이하로 나타나 침입자 감지용 광섬유 센서 케이블로 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2006

Currently, Most of the Backhual and Submarine's networks are being installed using DWDM and EDFA to deal with dramatically increasing internet traffic. In a conventional type optical system, the so-called 3R repeater, fiber non- linearity was not significant factor but it is one of the most important consideration when designing new DWDM network based on the EDFAs. To minimize the signal pulse distortion in long-haul optical network, Zero-dispersion fiber is indispensable but causes the fiber non-linearity. Therefore this conflicting problems should be managed to transmit a high-speed capacity traffic. In this paper, key technologies in DWDM submarine optic network were found out for a high capacity traffic and introduced the dispersion management way for solving the conflicting problems between Zero-dispersion and non-linearity. Lastly designed a dispersion map in section between Korea and Hong-kong.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.43-53
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• 2001

Wavelength conversion devices are essential to build an expanding all-optical network, and various types of wavelength conversion techniques are being researched. Among them, wavelength conversion based on the cross phase modulation in a directionally coupled semiconductor optical amplifier has been introduced and the concept has been experimentally proved. In this paper, a split-step method is applied to properly model the mentioned wavelength converter in the time-domain and various characteristics have been analyzed. It is shown that the present modeling approach can explain the results of the reported experimental results. Furthermore the wavelength conversion is shown to be well performed when the input signal wave and the converted wave travels in the opposite direction. The simulation shows that the positive and negative chirping appear simultaneously at both the leading and trailing of edges of the optical pulse.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

We fabricated the 4 channel wave function generator with variable frequency, pulse width, amplitude and rising/falling slope to develop driving method of charged particle type display. The selective sell driving is ascertained by fabricated panel with black and yellow particles. To measure CIE point, reflectivity, contrast ratio and viewing angle, experimental apparatus is integrated with optical circular$(1^{\circ})$ moving emitting/receiving part and spectrometer connected to emitting part. The yellow particles in glass have reflectivity of $35{\sim}40%$ and wavelength of 571.2nm and black one has reflectivity of $15{\sim}20%$ in case of only 1 layer of particle, and the case of 3 layer the optical property is promoted.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.967-972
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• 2014

The good light permeability and hardness of glass allow it to be used in various fields. Non-conventional machining methods have been used for glass machining because of its brittle properties. As one non-contact machining method, a laser has advantages that include a high machining speed and the fact that no tool making is required. However, glass has light permeability. Thus, the use of a laser to machine glass has limitations. A nanosecond pulse laser can be used at low power for laser-induced backside wet etching, which is an indirect method. In previous studies, a short-wave laser that had good light absorption but a high price was used. In this study, a near-infrared laser was used to test the possibility of glass micro-machining. In particular, when deeper machining was conducted on a glass structure, more problems could result. To solve these problems, microstructure manufacturing was conducted using ultrasonic vibration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.684-685
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• 2013

p-형 반도체인 Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ (CIGS) 광 흡수 층은 이보다 에너지 밴드 간격이 큰 n-형 반도체와 이종 접합을 형성한다. 흡수층과 윈도우층 사이의 결정구조 차이와 밴드갭 에너지 차이를 완화시키기 위해 버퍼층이 필요하다. 버퍼층을 형성하는 물질로 화학적 용액 성장법(Chemical Bath deposition)을 사용한 CdS가 많이 적용되어 왔으나 Cd의 유해성 및 습식 공정으로 인한 연속공정에 대한 어려움이 있다. 따라서 버퍼층을 Cd을 포함하지 않는 ZnS, $In_2S_3$, (Zn, Mg)O 등과 같은 물질로 대체하여 원자층 증착법(Atomic Layer Deposition), 펄스레이져증착법(Pulsed Laser Deposition), 스퍼터링(sputtering) 등과 같은 건식으로 성장시키는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 $ZnO_{1-x}S_x$ ($0.2{\leq}x{\leq}0.4$)를 반응성 스퍼터링으로 증착하여 큰 밴드갭 에너지와 높은 광투과율를 갖는 버퍼층을 제작하였다. CIGS 박막의 손상을 줄여주기 위하여 RF 파워는 240, 200, 150, 100 W로 변화시켰다. CIGS 태양전지의 I-V 측정 결과, RF 파워가 150 W일 때 10.7%의 가장 높은 변환 효율을 보였고, 150 W 이상에서는 파워가 증가할 때 단락전류는 감소하였으며 개방전압은 다소 증가하였다. 반면 100 W에서 단락전류는 다소 증가하는 것에 반해 개방 전압이 급격히 낮아졌다. 이것은 파워에 따라 결합되는 산소의 양이 다르기 때문으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.157-162
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• 2020

In recent years, laser induced graphene process have been intensively studied for eco-friendly electronic device such as flexible electronics or thin film based energy storage devices because of its simple and effective process. In order to increase the performance and efficiency of an electronic device using such a graphene patterned structure, it is essential to study an optimized laser patterning condition as small as possible linewidth while maintaining the graphene-specific 2-dimensional characteristics. In this study, we analyzed to find the optimal line pattern by using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser based photo-thermal reduction process. we tuned intensity and scanning speed of laser spot for generating effective graphene characteristic and minimum thermal effect. As a result, we demonstrated the reduced graphene pattern of 30㎛ in linewidth by using a focused laser beam of 18㎛ in diameter.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.215-219
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• 2018

In this paper we show that the localized surface-plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles produced by laser dewetting can be effectively utilized for improving the photocurrent and efficiency of a dye-sensitized $TiO_2$ solar cell. An Ag thin film deposited on a conducting glass substrate was dewetted into nanoparticles by a pulsed laser. A dye-sensitized $TiO_2$ solar cell fabricated on this substrate containing the Ag nanoparticles exhibited improved photovoltaic performance, compared to a reference cell. This is attributed to the increased light trapping that arises from the localized surface-plasmon resonance of the dewetted Ag nanoparticles.