• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.2 s.46
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• pp.96-106
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• 2006

Among several different hydrogen production technologies, solar hydrogen system for water splitting is the only clean and sustainable energy supplier. Hydrogen production by water-splitting utilizing solar energy has attracted considerable interest since the pioneering work of Honda and Fujishima in 1979, who discovered that water can be photo-electrochemically decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen using a semiconductor ($TiO_2$) electrode under UV irradiation. Most efforts to utilize solar ray lead to explore visible responding photocatalysts, PEC cells and other fusion technology like bio-photocatalytic conversion. In this paper, photon utilization technologies for water splitting have been briefly reviewed except solar thermal utilization technology.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2010

This paper deals with an economic evaluation of domestic immersing type photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. We also make some sensitivity analysis of hydrogen production prices by changing the values of input factors such as the initial capital cost, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency, and the system duration time. The hydrogen production price of the immersing type photoelectrochemical system was estimated as 8,264,324 won/$kgH_2$. It is expected that the production cost by photoelectrochemical hydrogen production can be reduced to 26,961 won/$kgH_2$ if the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency is increased to 14%, the system duration time is increased to 20,000 hours, and the initial capital cost is decreased to 10% of the current level. The photoelectrochemical hydrogen production is evaluated as uneconomical at this time, and we need to enhance the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency and the system duration time as well as to reduce prices of the system facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.266-266
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• 2015

전 세계적으로 무한한 청정에너지 개발에 대한 연구가 주목받고 있다. 그 중, 수소에너지는 화석연료의 고갈과 환경문제를 동시에 해결할 수 있는 자원이며 수소 생산 방법 중에서도 태양에너지를 이용한 수소 생산 기술은 가장 이상적인 수소 생산 시스템이라 할 수 있다. 대표적인 광전극 소재로는 $WO_3$, ZnO, $Fe_2O_3$, $BiVO_4$ 등과 같은 무기 소재가 주로 사용되고 있으며, 최근에는 Si, CIGS 등과 같은 태양전지와 상기 광전극을 집적하는 탄뎀형 소재/소자가 개발되고 있다. 광전반응이 우수한 전도성 고분자는 광전기화학 전지의 소재로 개발되고 있다. 그러나 유기물의 수중 불안전성 문제 때문에 직접적으로 물에 침전시키는 것이 아니라 외부의 인가 전원용으로 그 사용이 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 유기계 소재의 direct energy conversion을 위한 효율 및 수중 안정성 향상을 위하여 Ni계 촉매 및 그래핀옥사이드가 융합된 유기기반 광전기화학전지를 개발하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2022

친환경 수소에너지로의 전환은 온실가스 감축, 미세먼지 저감 등을 통해 청정하고 안전한 사회로의 진입을 가져올 것이다. 그러나 현재 주된 수소 생산방식은 이산화탄소를 수반하는 부생수소와 추출수소 방식에 의존하는 형태가 대부분이라, 향후 그린수소 형태로의 수소생산 제조에 관한 기술 상용화 및 경쟁력 방안 확보가 절실한 상황이다. 이에 본 고에서는 광전기화학 기반의 수소생산 기술의 성능 향상과 실효성 개선을 위한 핵심 요소 기술 및 경쟁력 확보방안에 관한 부분을 논하고자 한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.227.2-227.2
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 양극산화된 $TiO_2$ 전극(anodized tubular $TiO_2$ electrode, ATTE)을 수소제조용 PEC(Photoelectrochemical)시스템에서 광어노드와 기존의 백금전극을 대체하고 $H^+$ 환원능을 향상시키기 위하여 엔자임(Pyrococcus furiosus, Pfu)을 고정화한 후 캐소드로 동시에 활용하였으며, 엔자임 고정을 위한 crosslinker 종류 및 금속담지 여부, ATTE 길이를 통한 수소발생양에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. ATTE 표면과 엔자임의 amine group의 연결을 위하여 heterobifunctional crosslinker로써 사슬 길이가 상대적으로 짧은 Sulfo-SDA가 유리하였으며, 금속담지의 경우 짧은 튜브의 경우 1% 내에서 효과가 증진되었으나 긴 튜브의 경우는 오히려 광전류 및 궁극적으로 수소발생속도에 불리하게 작용하였다. 또한, 튜브 길이가 긴 ATTE가 짧은 ATTE 보다 수소발생양에서 더욱 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 텅스텐산화물 담지의 가시광감응에의 담지 효과는 예비 실험 결과로 나타나지 않아, 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.595-603
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• 2010

This paper deals with an economic evaluation of domestic window type photoelectrochemical hydrogen production utilizing solar cells. We make some sensitivity analysis of hydrogen production prices by changing the values of input factors such as the initial capital cost, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency, and the system duration time. The hydrogen production price of the window type photoelectrochemical system was estimated as 1,168,972 won/$kgH_2$. It is expected that hydrogen production cost can be reduced to 47,601 won/$kgH_2$ if the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency is increased to 14%, the system duration time is increased to 20,000 hours, and the initial capital cost is decreased to 25% of the current level. We also evaluate the hydrogen production cost of the water electrolysis using the electricity produced by solar cells. The corresponding hydrogen production cost was estimated as 37,838 won/$kgH_2$. The photoelectrochemical hydrogen production is evaluated as uneconomical at this time, and we need to enhance the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency and the system duration time as well as to reduce prices of the system facilities.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.741-748
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• 2011

Hydrogen is clean and renewable, and recognized as a very promising energy resource to solve both depletion of petroleum and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels. Extensive researches have been performed worldwide on the production technologies of hydrogen. In this paper, the technology trend of photo-electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production was scrutinized based on the patent and paper analysis. Open/registered patents of US, JP, EP, and KR and SCI Journals related to the PEC hydrogen production technology between 1996~2010 were reviewed. Patents and papers were gathered by using the key-words searching method and filtered by desirable filtering criteria. The technology trend was discussed by classifying each patent and paper based on the publishing year, country, and organization, and analyzing the core patents and papers.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.507-514
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• 2022

There is growing interest in sustainable energy sources that can reduce fossil fuel dependence and environmental pollution while meeting rapidly growing energy demands. Hydrogen have been investigated as one of the ideal alternative energies because it has relatively high efficiency without emitting pollutants. The light-sensitized enzymatic (LSE) system, which uses hydrogenase-enzymes, is one of the methods towards economically feasible system configurations that enhance the rate of hydrogen generation. Hydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes a reversible reaction that oxidizes molecular hydrogen or produces molecular hydrogen from protons and electrons. In this paper, utilization of [NiFe]-hydrogenase (from Pyrococcus furiosus) in photoelectrochemical hydrogen production system such as handling, immobilization, physicochemical and electrochemical analysis, process parameters, etc. was introduced.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2023

Holmium-doped TiO₂ nanotubes (Ho-TNTs) were manufactured through anodization treatment and electrochemical deposition, and optimization experiments were conducted using various Holmium doping concentrations and time as variables. Surface as well as electrochemical characteristics were analyzed to study the prepared photocatalysts. Ho-TNTs were found to exist only in anatase phase through X-ray diffraction analysis. Ho-TNTs with 0.01 wt% 100 seconds shows a photocurrent density of 3.788 mA/cm² and an effective photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.30%, which is more efficient than pure TiO₂ nanotubes (pure-TNTs) (at bias potential 1.5 V vs. Hg/HgO). The photocatalytic activity of the aforementioned Ho-TNTs for hydrogen production was evaluated with the result of -29.20 µmol/h·cm².

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

CdS and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were made by the precipitation method and sol-gel method, respectively, and they were mixed mechanically and then treated with the hydrothermal processing. CdS-$TiO_2$ composite particulate films were thus prepared by casting CdS-$TiO_2$ mixed sol onto $SnO_2$ conducting glass and a subsequent heat-treatment at $400^{\circ}C$. Again, the physico-chemical and photoelectrochemical properties of these films were controlled by the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution. The photocurrents and the hydrogen production rates measured under the present experimental conditions varied in the range of $3.5{\sim}4.5mA/cm^2$ and $0.3{\sim}1.8cc/cm^2$-hr, respectively, and showed the maximum values at the $CdS/[CdS+TiO_2]$ mole ratio of 0.2. Also, the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution caused a considerable improvement in the photocatalytic activity, Probably as a result of close contacts between the primary particles by the etching effect of $TiCl_4$ It was found that the photoelectrochemical performance of these particulate films could be effectively enhanced by this approach.