• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

There are three kinds of design method of the fire sprinkler systems. Grid type is connected all branch as a trapezoid. Loop type is connected cross-mains like circle. The last one is a tree type most commonly used. Grid type needs computer program to calculate the friction loss and flow rate apart from very simple form. In loop type, manual calculation is possible. Design engineer can draw up and calculate the demands without computer program. Because water supplies two direction in loop type, friction loss is smaller than tree type. Water distribution in operation area is uniform because of the small differences of sprinklers discharge pressure. Loop type is superior to tree type in respect of total pressure and flow rate. Using the small diameter pipe, the labor and construction cost will be decreased in the end. Loop type sprinkler design is rarely laid out because design engineers don't know the method. This paper is intended to inform that the loop type is better than the tree type in performance and economic point of view. And also this paper intend to use the loop type easily and widely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this study, to take the object of this thesis on understanding the characteristics on marketing structure and marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of prices trends which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, Analysis is divided into the prices trends. The investigation of prices trends and marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure. The periodic range of this thesis is limited from 1996 to 2000 and analytic articles is limited on 609 landscape materials(planting materials : 567 articles, facility materials : 7 articles, the other : 35 articles). The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.1%, 3.4%, 3.1% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. 2. GSP(Government Specified Prices) Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.7%, 1.2%, 2.6% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. This increase indicates a small price margin, particularly, the GSP price of planting materials should be adjusted to a realistic level. 3. Native and exotic product Prices trends of showing 3. types of landscape materials : In cases of Native planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.2%, 3.2%, 3.6% while cases of exotic was 3.1%, 1.0%, 5.8% for the past five years. The index number increase of prices of exotic landscape materials were fluctuated more than those the native landscape materials.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

Indoor air differs from outdoor atmosphere since it contains chemical and physical contaminants from building materials. This study deals with the biological effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from synthetic fiber carpet materials. One group of Tradescantia inflorescence was exposed to VOCs from the carpet sample in the environmental test chamber, while the other inflorescence group was exposed to a TO-14 standard gas mixture (1 ppm) for comparison. After the exposure, VOCs from the carpet were analysed by the desorber/GC/MS method, and micronuclei in the pollen mother cells of Tradescantia were scored under a microscope $({\times}400)$ to evaluate the genotocixicity induced by the exposure to VOCs. The chemical analysis confirmed that a total of 12 VOCs were released from the carpet materials, among which stylene $(71.9{\mu}g\;m^{-3})$ and toluene $(49.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3})$ were in the highest concentration. Twenty four hours of exposure to VOCs from the carpet in the environmental test chamber resulted in a micronucleus frequency as high as $7.73{\pm}0.75MCN$ per 100 tetrads, which was similar to that induced after exposure to the TO-14 standard gas mixture (1 ppm) for 4 hours. Meanwhile, two hours of exposure to the standard gas mixture did not cause a significant increase in the genotoxicity compared to the spontaneous micronucleus frequency. This result indicates that exposure for a long time to the air contaminated with VOCs from the carpet materials causes a genotoxic effect. The biological-chemical combination analyses in the study proved to be an effective tool for monitoring the indoor air contaminants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

This study aims to discuss the characteristics on marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of cognition on the present condition of marketing which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, the investigation of marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports and questionnaires, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure and problematic, improvement spot of marketing distribution. The periodic range of this paper is limited on 609 landscape materials and examination was performed from 21.Feb. to 15.Mar, in 2002. The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Differences of cognition on marketing distribution among four group toward problematic spot on product and marketing of landscape materials was summarized as follows : 1) Group of landscape design : Interest of government, Various articles. 2) Group of landscape construction : Communication of marketing information, Role of intermediary ecc. 3) Group of landscape materials and cooperation between company and university : Interest of government ecc, 2. Differences of cognition on marketing distribution among four group toward improvemental spot on product and marketing of landscape materials was summarized as follows : 1) Group of landscape design and construction : Network of marketing distribution on landscape materials, Criterion of articles, Quality adiministration through establishment of sale level ecc.. 2) Group of landscape materials : Employment of specialist education program ecc.. 3) Group of cooperation between company and university : Conscious reformation of comsumer ecc.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.73-82
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• 2006

Nowadays, the general stripping work of form has brought some problems; increase of total constructing cost resulted from the man-dependent form work procedure and environmental issues by wasting the debonded form. In this study, to effectively reduce unnecessary cost and resolve the environmental problems caused by these kinds of reason, a permanent form method using stainless steel fiber was introduced then its material and structural characteristics were evaluated. In the case of material characteristic, the permanent form had a good ductile behavior in the result of flexural test of the permanent form panel and pull-out test of insert bolt which is installed in the permanent form and perfect bonding capacity with a field concrete. In the case of structural characteristic, compressive and tensile behavior of the permanent form was evaluated. It also showed a good structural behavior in the view of load-deflection relationship, crack patterns and additional strengthening effect.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2007

Discharge variations of perforated hose and drip irrigation systems were examined to evaluate irrigation uniformity at different pressures and length of branch line. Evaluation using statistical uniformity indicated that button drippers performed at excellent level but drip tapes and drip hoses were a little lower level. Nominal discharge of drip irrigation systems showed at the high side within the range of regulating pressure provided by the manufacturer. It is desirable that the length of branch line for drip hose, drip tape, and button dripper should be limited to 50 m, 70 m, and 100 m, respectively. Irrigation uniformity of perforated hoses showed very low level. So it is recommended that the length of branch line for perforated hoses should be limited to $30{\sim}35m$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.6
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• pp.45-50
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• 1965

To confirm the increase effect of $MNH_4$ which has been compounded as a result of two years' potted rice experiments, we have established simple experiment areas in the paddy field of Kyung-Puk, Kyung-Nam and Chon-Puk Provinces and have done the completely randomized design experiments with the following results. 1. Comparison of the gross weight of the harvested rice (Straw included) : The $MNH_4$ 1-area has produced 10-28% more harvest than that of control-area. 2. Comparison of the weight of the Unpolished Rice: The $MNH_4$ 1-area has shown 10-23% increase compared with the control-area. 3. In the comparison of the nutrients of the rice from the $MNH_4-area$ with those of the rice from the control area, $MNH_4-area$ showed increase of $N_2$, $P_{2}O_5$ and $SiO_2$ but a slight decrease of $K_2O$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

종고대도현재하단전재건신양생방면점착흔중요위치. 의가(醫家), 도가(道家), 불가등위료보지건강타문주료흔다노력화각식적연구. 하단전시태아재모친복중생활적지방(下丹田是胎兒在母親腹中生活的地方), 시정자재부친체내생장적중요부위시생명성장적지방(是精子在父親體內生長的重要部位是生命成長的地方), 위료보유지건강적영혼화육체취요단련단전보지단전기중최보편적방법취시단전호흡화수기(爲了保維持健康的靈魂和肉體就要鍛鍊丹田保持丹田其中最普遍的方法就是丹田呼吸和手技)(침구(鍼灸), 약(藥), 안마(按摩)), 본고취시통과수기유지건강적단전소주적고찰(本告就是通過手技維持健康的丹田所做的考察). 한의학설(韓醫學說);(종동양사상주기초(從東洋思想做基礎))치인체질병유음양설(治人體疾病有陰陽說), 오행설등동양문화적근원음양설시포괄인간자연계적세계만물(五行說等東洋文化的根源陰陽說是包括人間自然界的世界萬物), 음화양적상대성(陰和陽的相對性), 상보성(相補性), 상련성등(相連性等) 원리주적관찰(原理做的觀察), 오행설시목(五行說是木), 화(火), 토(土), 금(金), 수자연계적삼라만상오류군적상생(水自然界的森羅萬象五類群的相生), 상극(相剋), 상화사득만물질서조율(相和使得萬物秩序調律), 인체시삼라만상(人體是森羅萬象), 우주중적소우주(宇宙中的小宇宙), 산화계곡(山和溪谷), 천화강해(川和江海), 동식물(動植物), 생활도구(生活道具), 건축물(建築物), 천체화무의등조성료인체구조자연화생명적조화중한의학시용침술화약재치료료인적질병(天體和巫醫等組成了人體構造自然和生命的造化中韓醫學是用鍼術和藥材治療了人的疾病). 저양조화유지료신체건강, 여과파배료저종조화상호보충적관계취회출현이상, 취회질인병기질병(就會疾引病起疾病), 소이위료유지신체적조화취요호호적이해신체적구성(所以爲了維持身體的調和就要好好的理解身體的構成), 관리호신체적각부분(管理好身體的各部分). 저시논문규명적취시신체내양생최중요적지방시단전, 하단전적구조이해지후취회명백유지신체조화적경혈적관계(下丹田的構造理解之後就會明白維持身體調和的經穴的關係).

• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

The sbdy iwestlgaled ihc propa-ties of Lhe dust\ulcorner rrom fe~~oallomya ~~ufacturTeh. e chemical composition, cornpasitlon material, p d c l e sire md shapes of the bulk dust, sired dust and magnetically separated durl were mvesligaled. As the re\ulcornerulL, we suppose that the dust from &gh Carbon Fenama~~gunesMc anuiact~vingP rocess is not sufiicient as solulce material of Mn because of ale low Mn canlenl (13.5%) and complicaled composition mate~ial. The dust from Bug F!lter or AOD Proccss is mi~inlym ade up of 0.2-2 pm Mn30, (Hausmam~iu)p iutlde in spherical shape and thc Mn content is 63.190.The dust from Cooler of AOD Process is inninly made up of coarse Ca(O1-Or)zM. n,FeyO,, SiO, and fine Mn30d.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

The greenhouse discrete optimum design program was developed using discrete optimum algorithm based on the genetic algorithm. The basic search method for the optimum design is the genetic algorithm, which is known to be very efficient for discrete optimization. In this paper, the objective function was the weight of the greenhouse structures and the constraints were the limits state design method. The design variables were galvanized steel pipes for plastic housing KSD 3760. Objective criteria were presented for the design of economic greenhouse structure and evaluation of its stability. The standardizations of greenhouse structure were used, as well as the normalization of greenhouse-related materials. Design examples were given to show the applicability of the optimum design using the discrete optimum algorithm based on the genetic algorithm of this study.