• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2002

This study was carried out to find out the optimum harvesting time on the basis of physiological characteristics, yield and commercial value in four years old ginseng. For this purpose, the changes of agronomic growth characteristics of the aerial and underground parts with different growing stages were examined with fourth year ginseng. The leaf growth was dramatically increased from the mid-April (shooting stage) to the mid-May (flowering stage), and the growth was nearly completed by the mid-May, but the stem growth continued by the mid-August. The weight of fresh root decreased from the April (20.7g) to the June (18.2g), but increased from the June to the October(45. 1g). The yield of fresh root per "Kan" was 1.5 kg, 1.2kg and 1.3kg at the April, the May and the June, respectively, thereafter continually increased to 2.9 kg of the October, which showing the maximum yield. In conclusion, the ginseng root was generally harvested from the September to the October at farm-house, but it had better be harvested after the mid-October rather than from September to October considering the weight of dry root and the yield of fresh ginseng.h ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2016

The application of animal manure on farm fields is one of the most economical ways. However, the continuous application of manure in paddy fields might change soil properties influencing the growth of rice plant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected chemical and biological properties of soils and rice production as affected by the applications of two different fertilizer sources, which were the consecutive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM) and chemical fertilizer (CF), during the three experimental years, from 2012 to 2014. Application amount of LSM was based on 100% of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate for rice cultivation estimated by soil testing. Plant height and tiller number in rice at the first year of liquid swine manure manure plot were lower than those of chemical fertilizer plot. Height and tillers of rice in liquid swine manure plot were higher than those of rice in chemical fertilizer plot after consecutive application for 3 years. Rice yield In the first year of application was decreased by 7% than that of chemical fertilizer, but the yield of rice in the third year of application in LM 100% plot was increased by 8% compared to the chemical fertilizer. Toyo-taste value of milled rice in LM 100% was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing rate of perfect grain. The K and Zn contents in the soil were increased in the plots of consecutive LSM application. The results implied that the liquid manure may neither decrease the yield of rice and nor increase soil properties except K and Zn in the soil, and decrease rice quality.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out to develope a new planting system from the economical point of view, using the various sizes of mulberry saplings ranged from 3mm to 7mm (3, 4, 5 and 7mm) in diameter of branches. They were planted densely (2,285 trees/10a) in vinyl film-and non-mulching system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. There are no differences in growth and yield of the planting year between 6mm and 7mm saplings. 2. The vinyl mulching affords an abundant growth of the saplings due to retaining of soil temperature and moisture. The dense planting with vinyl film mulching gave rise to 26% and 7% increase of leaf yield, using the saplings sized of 7mm and 5mm, respectively. 3. On the other hand, it was evident that the use of 6mm saplings in non-mulching and 5mm ones in mulching redused possibly the sapling cost. It was also noteworthy an additional profit took places in the yield increase, the cost reduction of saplings and weeding by using the 7mm and 5mm saplings in mulching system. It amounted to the increase of ￦33,800 and ￦24,520, respectively over the use of 7mm saplings in non-mulching system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the difference among 3-years-used Polyolefin films which were J-1, J-2 and J-3 having differences in film thickness, infrared absorption and ultraviolet penetration from Jan. 16,2006. And 1-year-used Polyethylene film K-1 used from Jan. 16,2008, for covering film of greenhouse for korea melon cultivation. J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were better for keeping heat in order, and J-2 film was the best in plant growth at early stage. The first blooming and harvesting days in J-2 film were earlier 10 days than those in K-1 film. Chromaticity and soluble solid of harvested fruit in J-3, J-1 and J-2 films were higher than those in K-1 film. Marketable yields in J-2, J-1 and J-3 films were higher in order.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the difference among 3-years-used polyolefin films which were J-l, J-2 and J-2 having differences in film thickness, infrared absorption and ultraviolet penetration from Jan. 16, 2006. And 1-year-used polyethylene film K-1 used from Jan. 16, 2009, for covering film of greenhouse for oriental melon cultivation. J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were better for keeping heat in order, and J-2 film was the best in plant growth at early stage. The first blooming and harvesting days in J-2 film were earlier 15 days than those in K-1 film. Chromaticity and soluble solid of harvested fruit in J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were higher than whose in K-1 film. Marketable yields in J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were higher in order.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2004

This experiments was conducted to study on the substitute cotton wastes for ricestraw compost media on cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. This results were as follows. The results of yield according to the mixture rate of cotton wastes($4000{\sim}5500kg/198m^2$), rice hull(4.5%), chicken manure(50%), gypsume(1.5%), urea(2%), tobacco powder((2.5%), seasame meal(5%) and $MgSo_4$(5%) was effected to 57.2% increasement with 64.33kg in summer season, 65.21kg in winter season, 39.6kg in control, respectively. The results of yield according to the mixture rate of cotton wastes($4000{\sim}5500kg/198m^2$), cotton hull(1.25%), rice hull(4.5%), chicken manure(50%), gypsume(1.5%), urea(2%), cigarette powder(2.5%), seasame dregs(5%) and $MgSo_4$(5%) was effected to 62.3% increasement with 61.0kg in summer season, 62.3kg in winter season, 39.6kg in control, respectively. The results of yield according to the mixture rate of cotton wastes($2000{\sim}2500kg/198m^2$), cotton hull(($2000{\sim}2500kg/198m^2$), rice hull(2.5%), chicken manure(37.5%), gypsume(1.5%), urine(2%), cigarette powder((1.25%), seasame dregs(2.5%) and $MgSo_4$(3%) was effected to 40.4% increasement with 57.33kg in summer season, 58.34kg in winter season, 39.6kg in control, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.268-272
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• 2007

우리나라는 아시아몬순지역에 속하면서 수도작을 주로 하는 지역으로 오래전부터 저수지나 보를 만들어 농업용수를 공급하여 왔으며, 이러한 농업용수의 사용에 대해서는 관행적으로 수리권을 보호해왔다. 그러나 최근 그동안 안정적으로 보호되던 농업용수의 기득 수리권에 대한 재검토와 농업용수의 이용에 따른 사회 경제적 요소의 편익을 기준으로 하는 물 이용의 우선순위 재조정논의가 제기되고 있는데 이는 국가전체 물 수요와 농촌지역사회의 변화 등에 기인한 것이다. 농업용수의 개발과 이용이 기존의 농업생산기반 확충 위주에서 농촌 삶의 질 향상 차원의 농촌 개발로 농업 농촌정책의 방향이 전환되고 있으며, 이와 더불어 농촌의 생활용수, 환경용수, 관광용수, 지역용수 등 농업용수 외의 수자원 수요가 증대하고 있다. 즉 지금까지 농업용수는 주로 농촌의 관개용수 위주로 개발 공급되어 왔으나 농촌지역의 생활양식의 변화 및 생활수준의 향상과 더불어 위생적이고 편리한 생활용수 및 공업용수 등 다양한 목적의 농업(농촌)용수의 수요가 증대 되고 있고 이러한 추세가 지속될 것으로 예상된다. 또한 기계화 영농, 직파 재배 등 영농방식의 변화에 따라 농업용수의 수요가 증가되고 있으며, 농업으로 인한 환경오염을 경감시킬 수 있는 환경친화적인 농업이 요구되고 있어 농촌지역의 한정된 수자원을 합리적으로 이용하여 21세기 물부족 사태에 대비할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 이미 낙동강, 영산강, 섬진강 유역과 남부 해안 및 도서지역의 가뭄이 심각해지는 등 물 부족 문제로 국토 균형개발이 곤란해지는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 여건 변화 속에서 지속가능발전위원회의 제67회 국정과제보고회의(2005년 10월 19일)에서는 농업용수 10% 절약 대책과 유역단위의 통합적 물 관리를 요구하게 되었다. 우리나라는 현실적으로 매년 홍수 피해가 발생하고 있지만, 다른 한편 인구밀도가 높고 1인당 가용 수자원이 상대적으로 적기 때문에 국지적 물 부족 문제를 경험하고 있다. 최근 국제적으로도 농업용수의 물 낭비 최소화와 절약 노력 및 타 분야 물 수요 증대에 대한 대응 능력 제고가 매우 중요한 과제로 부각되고 있다. 2006년 3월 멕시코에서 개최된 제4차 세계 물 포럼에서 국제 강 네트워크는 "세계 물 위기의 주범은 농경지", "농민들은 모든 물 위기 논의에서 핵심"이라고 주장하고, 전 프랑스 총리 미셀 로카르는 "...관개시설에 큰 문제점이 있고 덜 조방적 농업을 하도록 농민들을 설득해야 한다. 이는 전체 농경법을 바꾸는 문제..."(segye.com, 2006. 3. 19)라고 주장하는 등 세계 물 문제 해결을 위해서는 농업용수의 효율적 이용 관리가 중요함을 강조하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 국내외 여건 및 정책 환경 변화에 적극적으로 대처하고 물 분쟁에 따른 갈등해소 전략 수립과 효율적인 물 배분 및 이용을 위한 기초연구로서 농업용수 수리권과 관련된 법 및 제도를 분석하였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.15
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• pp.145-153
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• 1974

Five different levels of Ethephon were treated on tobacco cultivar yellow Special A and Coker and harvested for curing. Changes in dehydration properties, yellowing, chlorophyll, nicotine, sugar and starch contents during the processes of curing were studied in order to justify feasibility of adoption an idea of 3-stage-curing method instead of the 5-stage. Ethephon-treated-tobacco leaves showed marked degradation of chlorophyll, greater dehydration and greater reduction in nicotine contents while little change in either sugar, starch and other chemical components. They showed also shorter hours of curing period allowing possible curing response at a relatively low temperature than those without treatment. Thus they undergo only 3 stages of flue-curing processes, yellowing, calor-fixing and vein-drying, and need 72 hours to finish curing, but the ordinary leaves need 100 hours for it.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 1991

The volatile components, normal hydrocarbons, organic acids, and nonvolatile fatty acids in the various parts of Luffa cylindrica(L.) Roemer(sponge-gourd) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than 150 volatile components were separated and thirty seven components were identified and quantified. The contents of essential oil were 0.05%, 0.05%, and 0.08% on a dried weight base in leaves, stem, and seeds respectively. Fruit juice and sap contained 0.06% and 0.03% oil on the fresh weight base. Twenty six components of normal hydrocarbons in leaves, stem, seed, and unripe fruit were separated, identified, and quantified. The total concentrations of the hydrocarbons were $75.5\;{\mu}g/g$ in leaf, $52.0\;{\mu}g/g$ in stem, $46.6\;{\mu}g/g$ in fruit juice, and $32.8\;{\mu}g/g$ in seed fractions. The major hydrocarbons in leaves, stem, and fruit juice were $nC_{25}$, $nC_{27}$, $nC_{29}$, and $nC_{31}$, $nC_{16}$, $nC_{17}$, $nC_{18}$, and $nC_{19}$ were abundant in seeds mainly. The concentration of malonic acid among the five organic acids was highest in leaves, stem, and flowers. Unripe fruit contained 24.5 mg/g of the five organic acids and malic and citric acids were higher. The concentrations of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were higher concentration in the various parts of sponge-gourd and palmitic acid was distributed in the most parts. The concentrations of organic and fatty acids in the sap were negligible.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the effect of seminal sections of tuber and staking methods on growth and yield of a chinese yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne). Tuber was divided into top head, head, median and tail which were used as seminal sections of tuber. The emergence of shoots was delayed in median and tail sections by 15 days as compared with top head and head sections. Sections from head and tail exhibited yield increase as high as 16 and 15%, respectively, compared to top head sections. Although flowering and bubil setting occurred almost at the same time in all staking methods, fresh weight of stem and leaves was higher in ${\wedge}-$, I-type stake supporting net than in the conventional stake. In the cultivar, 'Dan-ma', tuber yield didn't show a meaningful increase statistically by all staking methods. But ${\wedge}-$ and I-type stake supporting net increased the yield of the cultivar, 'Jang-ma', as high as 11 and 8%, respectively, compared to conventional stake. Also I-type stake was ideal supportor of net, considering the cost of management.