• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2000

A number of atomization and droplet breakup models have been developed and used to predict the diesel spray characteristics. Of the many atomization and droplet breakup models based on the breakup mechanism due to aerodynamic liquid and gas interaction, four models classified as mathematical models, such as TAB, modified TAB, DDB, WB and one of the hybrid model based on WB and TAB models were selected for the assessment of prediction ability of diesel spray dynamics. The assessment of these models by using KIVA-II code was performed by comparing with the experimental data of spray tip penetration and sauter mean diameter(SMD) from the literature. It is found that the prediction of spray tip penetration and SMD by the hybrid model was only influenced by the initial parcel number. All the atomization and droplet breakup models considered here was strongly dependent on the grid resolution. Therefore it is important to check the grid resolution to get an acceptable results in selecting the models. At low injection pressure, modified TAB model could only give the good agreement with experimental data of spray tip penetration and both of modified TAB and DDB models were recommendable for the prediction of SMD. At high injection pressure, hybrid model could only give the good agreement with the experimental data of spray tip penetration and the prediction of all of the selected models did not match the experimental data. Spray tip penetration was increased with the increase the $B_1$ and the increase of $B_1$ did not affected the prediction of SMD.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.607-625
• /
• 2018

This study is on mid-seventies female gamblers who went through Korean modern history. The purpose is to analyze interviews on their life of understanding what their true self is, and to redefine gambling. The concept of 'existential self-regulation' was proposed and the materials were acquired through narrative interviews. The materials were then investigated according to Mandelbaum's framework for analysis of which suggests dimension, turning, and adaptation. The self-narrative revealed that the process of being addicted to gambling is as in the following: compensating her emotional deficiency via money and child's education, getting rid of the emotional deficiency via gambling, becoming free from emotional deficiency. The meaning of gambling has shifted to a comfort to existential vacuum, a source of anxiety ruining life, pastime for boring everyday life. Life events that control the impulse to gamble through 'existential self-knowledge' occurred in the second and the third stage. Based on the results, the study suggests mid-seventies female gamblers to write her autobiography, and proposed the necessity of self-examining programs.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.459-468
• /
• 2001

The Average Coordinate Referenee System (ACRS) method is developed to reduce experimental errors in human locomotion analysis. Experimentally measured kinematic data is used to conduct analysis in human modeling, and the model accuracy is directly related to the accuracy of the data. However. the accuracy is questionable due to skin movement. deformation of skeletal structure while in motion and limitations of commercial motion analysis system . In this study. the ACRS method is applied to an optically-tracked segment marker system. although it can be applied to many of the others as well. In the ACRS method, each marker can be treated independently. as the origin of a local coordinate system for its body segment. Errors, inherent in the experimental process. result in different values for the recovered Euler angles at each origin. By employing knowledge of an initial, calibrated segment reference frame, the Euler angles at each marker location can be averaged. minimizing the effect of the skin extension and rotation. Using the developed ACRS methodology the error is reduced when compared to the general Euler angle method commonly applied in motion analysis. If there is no error exist in the experimental gait data. the separation and Penetration distance of the femoraltibial joint using absolute coordinate system is supposed to be zero during one gait cycle. The separation and Penetration distance was ranged up to 18 mm using general Euler angle method and 12 mm using the developed ACRS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.573-582
• /
• 2021

In this study, a series of processes for evaluating the effective protection against barriers that should be equipped in institutions that perform reliability tests on high-risk ammunition, such as high-explosive ammunition, were introduced. The impact that high-explosive bombs can have on personnel includes damage to the eardrum and lungs caused by explosion overpressure and penetrating wounds that can be received by fragments generated simultaneously with the explosion. Therefore, a high-explosive with COMP B explosives as its contents were set up, and an explosion protection theory investigation to calculate the degree of damage, numerical calculations and simulations were performed to verify the protection power. A numerical calculation revealed the maximum explosion overpressure on the protective wall when the high-explosive exploded and the penetration force of the fragment against a 50 mm-thick protective wall to be 77.74 kPa and 41.34 mm, respectively. In the simulation verification using AUTODYN, the maximum explosion overpressures affecting the firewall and personnel were 56.68 kPa and 18.175 kPa, respectively, and the penetration of fragments was 35.56 mm. This figure is lower than the human damage limit, and it was judged that the protective power of the barrier would be effective.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2017

Stress concentrations around discontinuities, such as a hole in cross section of a structural member, have great importance because the most materials failure around the region may be occurred. Stress on the point applied by concentrated load reaches much larger value than the average stress in structural member. In this paper, stress analysis was performed for the plate with a partial through-hole to find the difference of the principal stress distribution. The difference between maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress in photoelasticity is equal to the value obtained by multiplying the isochromatic fringe order by the fringe constant of the material divided by the distance through which the light passes, that is, the thickness of the specimen. Since the difference of principal stress is proportional to the photoelastic fringe order, the distribution of the principal stress difference by the finite element analysis can be compared with the photoelasticity experimental result. ANSYS Workbench, that is the finite element software, is used to compute the differences of principal stresses at the specific points on the measured lines. The computation values obtained by ANSYS are compared with the experimental measurements by photoelasticity, and two results are comparable to each other. In addition, the stress concentration factor is obtained using the stress distribution analyzed from the variation of hole depth. Stress concentration factor is increasing, as the depth of hole increase.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2014

Through silicon via (TSV) technology is to form a via hole in a silicon chip, and to stack the chips vertically for three-dimensional (3D) electronics packaging technology. This can reduce current path, power consumption and response time. In this study, Cu-filling substrate size was changed from Si-chip to a 4" wafer to investigate the behavior of Cu filling in wafer level. The electrolyte for Cu filling consisted of $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$, $H_2SO_4$ and small amount of additives. The anode was Pt, and cathode was changed from $0.5{\times}0.5cm^2$ to 4" wafer. As experimental results, in the case of $5{\times}5cm^2$ Si chip, suitable distance of electrodes was 4cm having 100% filling ratio. The distance of 0~0.5 cm from current supplying location showed 100% filling ratio, and distance of 4.5~5 cm showed 95%. It was confirmed good TSV filling was achieved by plating for 2.5 hrs.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2008

In this study, new moment-resisting precast concrete beam-column joint is proposed for moderate seismic regions. It has the connection reinforcing bars, penetrated the joint and lap-spliced with the bottom bars of precast U-shaped PC beam. To evaluate the performance for noncontact lapped splice, experimental and analytical works were conducted. Major variables for tests are the length of lap, the diameter of connection reinforcing bars, and the distance between lapped bars. Analytic research was performed nonlinear finite element method. Analytic research focused on crack pattern, load-deflection curve, comparison of internal force, evaluation of ductility strains of reinforcement bar. Results of experimental and analytical works show that the these variables has much influence on flexural strength and ductility, and joint behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2011.06b
• /
• pp.290-293
• /
• 2011

치아 스케일링은 치아에 단단하게 결착된 치석을 제거하는 치과 시술로서 치아 우식 및 잇몸염증을 예방하는 중요한 시술이다. 특히 요즘에는 치료시간의 단축을 통한 효율성 증대의 목적으로 전기적 에너지를 미세한 진동에너지로 바꾸는 원리를 활용한 초음파 스케일링 기법이 많이 행해지고 있다. 하지만 치아 및 치석 확보에 따른 어려움으로 인해 스케일링 시술을 충분히 훈련하기란 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 사용자가 가상현실을 통해 시각 및 촉각 피드백을 받으며 초음파 스케일링 시술을 훈련할 수 있는 치아 스케일링 시뮬레이션을 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 치아, 치석 및 잇몸의 볼륨모델과 스케이러 팁을 구성하는 각 부문의 관통깊이를 이용한 햅틱 랜더링 기법을 적용하여 스케일러의 모양에 따른 햅틱 피드백을 생성하였다. 그리고 치아의 손상을 줄이기 위해 스케일러의 팁 부문이 치아 표면에 되도록 평형을 이루어야 한다는 점에 입각하여, 치석을 구성하는 복셀들의 치아 디스턴스필드 값 비교를 통해 치석과 치아 사이의 접착면을 추출하고 스케일러의 팁 부분과 충돌하는 추출된 집착면의 각도를 고려한 스케일링 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 또한 수동 스케일링과는 달리 초음파 스케일링은 초음파의 진동에너지에 의해 점진적으로 치아와 치석 사이의 결속력이 감소된다는 점에 착안하여 치아와 치석의 접착면을 구성하는 지점 사이의 거리에 따른 결속력 감쇠 모델을 고안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 1995

철도는 대량수송 및 정시제 운행이라는 중요한 역할을 하면서도 다른 한편으로는 철도연변에 거주하고 있는 사람들에게 상당한 소음공해를 미쳐 정온한 생활환경을 누릴 권리를 침해하고 있음에도 불구하고 철도소음을 관리하는 기준이나 대책등이 아직 미미한 실정이다. 향후 5년 내에는 고속철도의 등장도 확실하지만 기존 재래식 철도에 대한 소음 실태 자료마저 충분치 않아 철도연변의 소음진동 문제를 해결하기 위한 기본적 수단인 소음 기준 제시를 위해서는 폭넓은 기초 자료확보와 새로운 관련연구가 요청되었다. 이러한 필요성에 따라 전기기관차를 중심으로 영동선, 중앙선, 태백선, 경인선, 경원선 및 대도시 도심지를 관통하는 호남선 및 경부선 중에서 측정환경이 양호한 22개 지역을 선정하여 기존 철도의 구간별 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 3시간 등가소음도를 측정하였고 선로의 조건, 열차의 종류 및 속도, 거리권별 등에 따른 개별열차 통행시의 소음특성을 조사하여 철도소음의 기준 설정과 방지대책 강구시에 활용할 수 있도록 하며, 열차 통행속도로부터 최고소음도를 추정하여 주변지역의 등가소음도를 산정할 수 잇는 예측식을 도출하여 측정방법 개정에 활용하고, 그리고 선로변에 위치한 공동주택을 대상으로 층별 철도소음 노출도와 열차통과시의 공동주택 실내.외의 소음도를 비교조사하여 벽체 차음 효과를 조사하였고 철도소음에 대한 주민반응 조사를 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.257-257
• /
• 2010

디스플레이 산업의 발달로 화상 영상폰, 디지털 카메라, MP4, PMP, 네비게이션, LCD TV등의 가전 제품의 수요증가에 따라 이에 장착되는 LCD 패널의 생산력 향상과 원가 절감을 위한 검사 기술이 요구되고 있다. LCD 검사를 위한 Probe unit은 미세전기기계시스템(MEMS) 공정을 이용하여 제작된다. LCD 검사용 Probe unit는 LCD 가장자리 부분에 전기적 신호(영상신호, 등 기신호, 색상신호)가 인가되도록 하는 수 십 내지 수 백개의 접속 단자가 고밀도로 배치되는데, 이러한 LCD는 제품에 장착되기 전에 시험신호를 인가하여 화면의 불량여부를 검사하기 위한 점등용 부품으로 50 um 이하의 Pin간 거리를 유지하면서 정확한 Pin Alignment를 요구하는 초정밀 부품이다. 본 연구에서는 반도체용 Si wafer에 마스크 공정 및 slit etching 공정을 적용하여 목표인 30 um pitch의 Probe unit을 개발하기 위해 Deep Si Etching(DRIE) 장비를 이용하여 식각 공정에 따른 특성을 평가하였다. 마스크 공정은 500 um 두께의 양면 연마된 반도체용 Si wafer를 이용하였으며, thick PR을 사용하여 마스킹하여 식각공정을 수행하였다. Si 깊은 식각은 $SF_6$ 가스와 Passivation용으로 $C_4F_8$ 가스를 교대로 사용하여 수직방향으로 깊은 식각이 이루어지는 원리이다. SEM 측정 결과 30 um pitch의 공정 목표에 도달하였으며, 식각공정 결과 식각율 6.2 um/min, profile angle $89.1^{\circ}$로 측정되었다. 또한 상부 에칭공정과 이면 에칭공정에서 폭과 wall의 간격이 동일하였으며, 완전히 관통된 양면식각이 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. 또한 실제 사용되는 probe unit의 조립에 적합한 slit 공정을 위한 에칭특성을 조사하였다.