• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.123
• /
• pp.189-208
• /
• 2012

"관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)은 전국 말 직하황노도가(稷下黃老道家)의 문헌으로 중국철학사에 있어 매우 중요한 위치를 점하고 있다. 하지만 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)은 문헌과 저자에 대한 기록이 불확실하고 제자백가의 사상을 포괄적으로 수용 복잡한 사상체계를 형성하고 있기 때문에 오랜시간 사람들의 주목을 받지 못했다. 1940년대 학자들은 중국철학 사료를 다시 정리하였고 이때 곽말약(郭沫若)에 의해 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)의 명칭이 처음으로 등장하게 된다. 1994년 "직하황노학파적비판(稷下黃老學派的批判)"과 "송견윤문유저고"에서 곽말약(郭沫若)이 "관자(管子)" 가운데 "심술(心術)" 상하(上下), "백심(白心)", "내업(內業)"의 사편(四篇)를 송견(宋?)과 윤문(尹文)의 저작이라고 주장한 이래 고문헌의 출토와 더불어 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)는 다시 학계의 관심을 받기 시작한다. "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)의 저작 시기는 전국말로 추정된다. 이 시기는 사상의 르네상스라고 불릴 만큼 많은 학자들이 저마다의 독특한 논리들로서 당시의 사회의 문제점을 직시하고 그 해결방안을 모색하였던 시대였다. 농업생산력의 향상과 교통의 발달로 많은 지식인은 제(齊)나라의 직하(稷下)에 모여 전대의 역사적, 철학적 유산을 기반으로 심(心)과 도(道)에 관한 논의를 벌였고, 그 통합적 저작물이 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)이다. 때문에 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)는 전국시대 제자학(諸子學)을 총정리하는 종합서의 성격을 가진다. 본 연구의 목적은 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)에 나타나는 심(心)개념의 연구를 통해 전국말 직하황노도가(稷下黃老道家)의 심(心)에 대한 이해를 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저, "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)의 중심철학범주인 도(道), 기(氣), 정기(精氣)와 심(心)의 관계에 대하여 살펴보고, 다음으로 "관자(管子)" 사편(四篇)에 보이는 심(心)의 개념분석을 통하여 구체적인 심(心)의 구조와 기능에 대하여 탐색할 것이다. 그리고 마지막으로 심(心)과 그 수양론(修養論)에 대하여 검토할 것이다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.279-310
• /
• 2008

In this research, the writer investigated the thought in realism and view on education appeared in the text, GUANZI("管子") roughly. The thoughts and contemplation in GUANZI mostly contain practical issues of politics, law and economy, as well as military policy and also get involved in the education pursuing an organic relationship therewith. In GUANZI, the rule of law and morality were applied to the politics in a harmonious fashion. Although the text upheld agrarian-oriented policy in connection with nation's economy, it, however, succeeded to secure the national wealth by having implemented the polices concerned with industry and commerce in an appropriate manner. In addition, he established strong military organization through political stability and by securing economic strength. In short, this is the policy in order to pursue 'a rich nation with a strong military.' Under such situation, education made a positive contribution to meet the realistic needs in order for reinforcement of politics, economy, and military. In the level of moral education that will set right the decorum and proprieties of the people, and their loyalty and integrity, vocational training that enabled the four divisions of society, that is, the official class, farmers, artisans and merchants, to carry out their given jobs successfully was highly valued in GUANZI. These are substantial efforts in order to establish the order of community by means of putting emphasis on people's morality and loyalty, and also to create the public weal through reinforcement of producing activities of each class of society. After all, the realistic thought and view on education appeared in GUANZI can be understood as an expression of strong will to accomplish national prosperity and military strength in order to overcome disturbing situations in the society in those days.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.291-296
• /
• 2021

This study examined the effects of the forward head posture on the maximum mouth opening of the jaw joint and the muscle activity and asymmetry of the temporalis and masseter. The craniovertebral angle was measured in 50 subjects (23.10±2.73 years) who met the selection requirements of the study. The maximum mouth opening, muscle activity, and muscle asymmetry were measured by reducing 0%, 10%, and 20%. As the craniovertebral angle decreased, the maximum mouth opening decreased (p<.001), the muscle activity of the right and left temporalis decreased (p<.001), and the muscle activity of the left temporalis also decreased. (p<.01). The asymmetry rate of the added muscles of the left and right temporalis, left and right temporalis, and masseter increased according to the change in condition (p<.01). The results of this study are expected to help establish a treatment strategy and comprehensive diagnosis for the temporomandibular joint and present a theoretical basis of manual therapy and therapeutic exercises used for the treatment of TMD.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.54-72
• /
• 1995

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2011

The four chapters of "Gwanja(管子)" explains the concepts of Do(道), Deok(德), Junggi(精氣) philosophically. Because it contains thoughts about control of Mind(心), it has been considered as one of the useful references of ancient chinese philosophy. In this respect, we can think about the connections between the four chapters of "Gwanja(管子)" and Oriental medicine in philosophical perspectives. In the investigating about Oriental medical philosophy in this study, the meaning of mind(心) is classified from various angles, for example, political, self-improvemental, and physiological. Espesially the physiological meaning of mind(心) may receive attention and meaningful consideration of Oriental medicine.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2010

This thesis is about "manggon" that holds down man's top knot hair and its accessaries "pungjam", "kwanja". manggon was seen first time in the mural of Donwhang kae won chon bo during T'ang period (713-756). The "Tu Aek Ra" manggon shown in this mural would be the origin and beginning of maggon's usage. Also the "Sha" that was placed on top of the hair for decoration purpose is believed to be a former form of "manggon" Before the short hair cut was enforced, wearing the "kwan"(head gear) was considered as an impotant etiguette. Thus the head gear was treasured and the manggon which was the most essential piece to cover down the hair before to put on the head gear was regarded as the most important piece. However, since the manggon was tied very tightly around the forehead, manggon caused some sickness. From my private collections of man's head gears and ornament, 121 items were selected and used for analysis and the followings were found: 1. Pungjam was divided into 8 categories according to its shape and a research was made on its unique structural characteristic on each categories. 2. Kwanja's material and design that were used are all in accordance to the historical recordings.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.141-161
• /
• 2012

Objective : In "Guanja" there is a clear system with xin and shengren as the central figure, which can be correlated with the united thought can be found in "Huangjenaegyeong". Method : In studying Oriental medicine, we will try to compare the Guanza and Huangjenaegyeong, in that what Sin is doing and how Seongin(聖人) does the work to achieve his prupose, and how Sin has philosophical meaning. Result : Guanja targets a unified government with the king centered, always issues an order, at the same time Guanja survey the system of the military, economy, retainer, people in the gross. In Guanja the Seongin is the ideal king, who understands the four seasons and command in timely, and rule his people using Muui(無爲). Sin is the center which achieve Dao(道) in mankind, and in the government system it is compared as the king to the rellation between king and retainer. "Huangjenaegyeong" is a medicine book which persued the united medical theory and algorithm. It made the general system algorithm, and united many different theories with the Seongin centered, who understand the 天氣 (including four seasons) and can control the human body. In this book, Sin is the center which control other organs. Conclusion : Political philoshphy in Guanja and the united thought in "Huangjenaegyeong" can be correlated in that two both aim for the systematization and the unity.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.02a
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 사지마비 장애인이 활용할 수 있는 동작을 이용하여 마우스, 문자 입력, 전동휠체어 제어 등에 활용될 수 있는 인터페이스 기술을 개발하였다. 사지마비 장애인이 활용 가능하면서도 착용이 쉽고 데이터 처리가 용이한 동작으로서 이물기 동작을 제안하였다. 좌측, 우측 및 양측 이물기 동작 및 이물기 시간의 조절을 통해 사지마비 장애인의 경우에도 다양한 명령어 형성이 가능하다. 이때, 이물기 동작의 인식은 관자놀이 부근에 위치한 관자근에서의 근전도 신호를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 데이터를 획득하여 전송하고 처리하기 위한 하드웨어와 소프트웨어를 함께, 전동휠체어 제어를 위한 응용 시스템도 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 시스템을 사지마비 장애인에게 적용하여 그 효용성을 평가하였다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.3-20
• /
• 2022

The origins of the world-recognized Korean gat can be traced back to Gojoseon, and the jades for the sangtu and gwanja come from Hongshan culture. This study examines the etymology of the hat, the symbolism of the gat and the jade comb, and the history of the development of the accessories for the hat. The research methods of literature review, investigation of relics and murals, and analysis of cases of pronunciation changes were used. Most of the relics excavated from the Hongshan are identical to those excavated from Korea. The Byun-Khan people wore a triangle-shaped conical hat (the byun), which was shaped to fit the protruding sangtu hairstyle, with a foldable brim that, if pulled downward, changed the hat to a gat. The Chu sangtu, a pointed top-knot hairstyle, is uniquely found among Northeast Asian peoples, and it is an ethnic symbol for Koreans. Until the modern period, many Koreans wore their hair in the sangtu style, indicating their descent from the sky. Jade combs shaped like birds and clouds from the Hongshan period emphasized the religious nature and ceremony of hair styling at that period. The word hat is widely used to refer to gat all over the world. The pronunciation of ㄱg, ㅎh. and ㅋq/kh are closely related to each other, and the ancient pronunciation ㄱg gradually evolved to ㅎh or ㅋq/kh. The English 'Hat' and Korean 'Gat' were transformed from the middle-ancient sound 'gasa > gosa > got' of the crown 'gwan, gokkal'. This creative hair style culture that started from the Hongshan culture continued to be fashionable during the Gojoseon Dangun period, and the decoration techniques for hats and accessories were inherited over time and continuously developed. Along with the method of making gat, creative hair-related parts, such as manggeons, donggot pins, gwanja buttons, and fine combs were developed over the course of a thousand years.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2021

The purpose was to reduce the distortion of the image that occurs in the temporal bone area due to the very strong differences in susceptibility. A new SS-TSE technique was applied when examining the diffusion-weighted image of the temporal bone, where the auditory and facial nerves to be imaged were very thin and were adjacent to the cranial base including bone and air. This study was conducted from March 2020 to August of the same year, targeting 32 subjects who underwent the diffusion-weighted imaging of the temporal bone. To compare the distortion, existing SS-EPI technique and the new SS-TSE technique were both applied on the temporal bone area. As a result of the study, applying the new SS-TSE technique appeared to lower the distortion of images by 87.44, 46.13 and 42.35 % on the b-value 0, 800 and the ADC images, respectively. In conclusion, when using the new SS-TSE technique on the temporal bone DWI, distortion can be reduced, and thus images with high diagnostic value can be obtained.