• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2012

Many studies have focused on the importance of organizational integration when companies try to achieve growth through mergers and acquisitions (M&A). However, there has been little research that focuses on the new branding or customer base integration of the M&A process, despite the fact that this integration is very important for achieving M&A goals and business performance in industries such as retail. The purpose of this study is to provide an M&A case study of the retail industry, focused especially on the new branding and customer integration of two department stores. This study examined key integration processes in terms of brand name and membership systems of both companies by examining how the merged company achieved its new branding and the integration of its membership systems. The methodology of this research is the case study, which is used in both normative and empirical studies for distribution research in Korea. This research analyzes the case of both new branding and customer membership systems of the two companies. The new branding initiatives of this case centered on decision making including brand extension and brand naming. The customer membership integration of the two companies is analyzed on the basis of the customer reward programs that include both financial and service rewards. This study shows the success factors of new branding and customer integration in the M&A process in terms of achieving marketing goals and business performance as follows: First, companies should identify the integration areas by analyzing the brand and membership of both companies and make a balanced decision for both the customer and company. Second, the goals of new branding and membership integration in the M&A process should not emphasize business efficiency from a short-term perspective but rather should consider brand power and business synergy from a long-term perspective. Third, the post-merger integration process of the brand or customer areas requires not only the organized execution of integration tasks but also follow-up programs for changes in business strategy and marketing-related programs to realize the synergy effects of integrated organization. Although this study provides a detailed review and analysis of the new branding and customer integration processes in post-merger integration and in identifying the primary decision-making areas of these processes, there are some limitations requiring further research that may overcome or compensate for these limitations. The suggested future research areas are as follows: First, since this research is a case study of only one M&A, it makes few theoretical contributions such as new propositions or theories or possibilities for generalization. This limitation can be overcome through further research using multiple cases, which may lead to new propositions. Second, the methodology of this study lacks sufficient rigor in terms of its analytic approach because this case study was developed and analyzed descriptively. Further research is needed to compensate for these limitations, such as using a theory-based approach or comparative analysis approach that makes case analysis more systematic.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.36-44
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• 2000

Fly ash was composed of the unburned carbon and mineral particles. The former was able to attach on the bubbles, while the latter was not. Therefore, it was possible to separate the unburned carbon and the mineral from fly ash using the froth flotation process. This study was carried out to evaluate the separation efficiency as a function of the ny ash particle properties in the column flotation. Separation efficiency was analyzed for various size fraction of -38 fm,38~125 fm and 1125 W, and for various fly ash samples containing 7, 11, and 20 wt% unburned carbon. For the size fractions of -38 fm containing 7 wt% unburned carbon, separation efficiency was 86ft, whereas separation efficiency was found to be 74% for the size fraction of +125$\mu\textrm{m}$ containing 20 wt% unburned carbon. The results indicated that separation efficiency increased with the decrease in the particle size and the unburned carbon content of the fly ash.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.179-200
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• 2008

This study is aimed at contributing to the future development of Home Economics Education Department by suggesting basic data of TQM(Total Qualify Management) for evaluating TQM of Home Economics Education Departmeut in education colleges. A survey was conducted involving all junior(3rd year) students of Home Economics Education Department in education colleges either by making a visit to 3 different schools or by sending it in the mail to 10 different schools. Responding answer-sheets, 302 copies(88.3%) out of 342 copies in total were returned. Finally, we used 285 copies(83.3%) as data for analysis. The results of this study are as follows: In terms of Professional Qualification of Home Economics Teachers, the students had passion for their Home Economics Education and also had a great pride and mission to be future Home Economics teachers. However, their ability proved to be poor and low in presenting a vision for Home Economics, in conducting extra-curricular activities, and the computer skills. In the case of college students, their satisfaction showed an average point 3.15 on a scale of 5. Those students who entered school voluntarily or those who hoped for re-entrance showed more satisfaction than those who entered school with good academic records or those who do not hope for re-entrance into school. In terms of professors' leadership, Students are perceived to choose 'Transactional Leadership' instead of 'Transformational Leadership'. Students', who have higher satisfaction and hopes for re-entrance, perception level about their professors' leadership style showed higher satisfaction than average. The students empowerment level showed average point 3.52, which is considered relatively high. Students at the college where professors majored in Home Economics Education are employed showed higher empowerment level than students at the college with professors who did not major in Home Economics Education. The result of evaluating general demand for renovating of Home Economics Education Dept. showed that: they perceived the "Teacher Education Course" of Home Economics Education Dept. as in need of cultivating practical skills in secondary school. They also said, "Teaching Method" is in great need of renovation. In the case of teaching method, they preferred laboratory work, and practical training. In earning credits, they emphasized the importance of faithfully completing the "Study of Content". For the Subject Matter Education, they required a training course to be set up in the secondary school. Finally they claimed that the teachers and students need to take the initiative in developing a Curriculum of Home Economics Education Dept. Based on the findings mentioned above, I would like to suggest further research on how to adopt and evaluate TQM in Home Economics Education, and faculty-centered evaluation methods. I also would like to suggest to vitalize quality research through the form of narrative research.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.572-582
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to compare the oral health behaviors for children and teachers in toothbrushing facilities installed community child center related with teacher-supervised toothbrushing. This research was follow-up study from the Korean Dental Hygienists Association third project '2010 program of making of the diamond tooth'. 266 child support teachers were invited and 201 were included in the study (response rate: 75.6%). Statistical analysis conducted using PASW ver. 18.0 for Windows. The difference on the distribution of independent variables related with teacher-supervised toothbrushing was verified with chi-square test. The results of this research could be summarized as follows: The children in the teacher-supervised toothbrushing community child center, the practice rate of toothbrushing was higher than the children in the non-supervised toothbrushing community child center (p<0.05). Teachers offered children one of snacks and drinks per day independently of teacher-supervised toothbrushing (p>0.05). Most of participated teachers accepted to be responsible for oral health of children (73.4%) and demanded that improve facilities for a toothbrushing in community child center (77.2%). In conclusion, this study suggests that a programme of daily teacher-supervised toothbrushing can be effectively targeted into community child center.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.242-245
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• 2009

In order to investigate the cytotoxic effect of hexavalent chromium ($Cr0_3$) and the protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN (NNG) extract, cultured cerebral neuroglial cells (C6 glioma cells) were treated with $4{\sim}55{\mu}M$ concentrations of $Cr0_3$ for 48 hours. Cell viability was measured by XTT assay. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity for the antioxidant effect was also examined on the extract of NNG stamen. In this study, $Cr0_3$ significantly decreased cell viability dose-dependently. The cytotoxicities of $XTT_{90}$ and $XTT_{50}$ determined with $10{\mu}M$ and $55{\mu}M$ of $Cr0_3$, respectively, showed that the $Cr0_3$ had highly toxic effect on cultured C6 glioma cells by the cytotoxic criteria. In the protective effect of NNG extract, the cell viability was significantly increased by the treatment of NNG extract, and NNG extract increased SOD-like activity. From these results, it is suggested that $Cr0_3$ showed highly toxic effect on cultured C6 glioma cell s and NNG extract was very effective in the protection of $Cr0_3$-mediated cytotoxicity by antioxidative effect in these cultures.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.343-386
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• 2013

"Financial ADR" system in South Korea can be represented by so-called "Financial Dispute Resolution System", in which Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) and Financial Dispute Resolution Committee are the principal actors in operation of the system, and this is discussed as an "Administrative Financial ADR System". The system has over 10-year history since it was introduced in around 1999. Nonetheless, it was not until when financial consumer protection began to be highlighted after the 2008 financial crisis that Financial ADR system actually started to draw attention in Korea. This was because interest has been rising in "Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)" as an institutional measure to protect financial consumers damaged via financial transactions. However, the current discussion on the domestic Financial ADR system shows an aspect that it is confined to who is to be a principal actor for the operation of Financial ADR institution with main regards to reorganization of supervisory system. This article aims to embody these facts in an institutional model by recognizing them as a problem and analyzing the features of the Financial ADR system, thereby clarifying problems of the system and presenting the direction of improvement. The Korean Financial ADR system can be judged as "administrative model integrated model consensual model quasi-judicial model non-prepositive Internal Dispute Resolution (IDR) model". However, at the same time, it is confronted with a task to overcome the two problems; the system is not equipped with institutional basis for securing its validity in spite of the adopted quasi-judicial effect model; and a burden of operating an integrated ADR system is considerable. From this perspective, the article suggests improvement plans for security of validity in the current system and for expansion of industry-control ADR system, in particular, a system of prepositive IDR model. Amongst them, it suggests further plans for securing the validity of the system as follows; promotion to expand the number of internal persons and to differentiate mediation procedures and effect; a plan to keep a financial institution from filing a lawsuit before an agreement recommendation or a mediation proposal is advised; and a plan to grant suspension of extinctive prescription as well as that of procedures of the lawsuit.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.33-62
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• 2013

In this paper, the consolidation of ICT basic legislation and ICT special legislation concerning "Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning" and "Korea Communications Commission" which came on the back of governmental reorganization in recent years is discussed in the theoretical and practical aspect. Development of "data communication technology" innovatively changed the method of livelihood of mankind, the emergence of network under global dimension provided financial social benefit and posed a challenge and a threat at the same time. Form digital revolution human kind can expect to receive many important blessings. Nevertheless, there are many advantages of development of technology by digital revolution, cyberspace like online media, internet etc. has realistically many problems that must be solved. To maximum positive aspects like the expansion of freedom of expression and creating plan of economy by the advance of transmission technology is needed. And to minimize side effects of informatization is required more. The First, Special Act on ICT has an adaptation in normative standardization to be fit in media convergence beyond convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. Henceforth, there must be established a legal basis for the achievement of protection of economic evolution and freedom of speech in digital media, information, communication technology and content development. The second, the government action is to accomplish economic development and freedom of information in structural aspect of norm. Therefore minimizing normative problem by reorganization of organization remains clearly unresolved in politics. The third, Special Act on ICT must be basic law covering info-communications field, pay telecommunication and media contents field. The forth, from a technical point of view, net neutrality, conflict of interest for digital content and so on can be fixed easily. Special Act on ICT must not only pursuit of development of industry. Special Act on ICT and pursuit of enhancing quality of life of people and preparing program to promote democratization. From now on, we need to make powerful nation of information& communications technology and in information human rights protection field got to be one step ahead of others with reference to appear all the various aspects must be brought together in the discussion of legislation process of Special Act on ICT.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2019

Recently, demand for high energy density and long cycling stability of energy storage system has increased for application using with frequency regulation (F/R) in power grid. Supercapacitor have long lifetime and high charge and discharge rate, it is very adaptable to apply a frequency regulation in power grid. Supercapacitor can complement batteries to reduce the size and installation of batteries. Because their utilization in a system can potentially eliminate the need for short-term frequent replacement as required by batteries, hence, saving the resources invested in the upkeep of the whole system or extension of lifecycle of batteries in the long run of power grid. However, low energy density in supercapacitor is critical weakness to utilization for huge energy storage system of power grid. So, it is still far from being able to replace batteries and struggle in meeting the demand for a high energy density. But, today, LIC (Lithium Ion Capacitor) considered as an attractive structure to improve energy density much more than EDLC (Electric double layer capacitor) because LIC has high voltage range up to 3.8 V. But, many aspects of the electrochemical performance of LIC still need to be examined closely in order to apply for commercial use. In this study, in order to improve the capacitance of LIC related with energy density, we designed new method of pre-doping in anode electrode. The electrode in cathode were fabricated in dry room which has a relative humidity under 0.1% and constant electrode thickness over $100{\mu}m$ was manufactured for stable mechanical strength and anode doping. To minimize of contact resistance, fabricated electrode was conducted hot compression process from room temperature to $65^{\circ}C$. We designed various pre-doping method for LIC structure and analyzing the doping mechanism issues. Finally, we suggest new pre-doping method to improve the capacitance and electrochemical stability for LIC.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

For sites to be investigated, the results of such an investigation can be used in determining foals for cleanup, quantifying risks, determining acceptable and unacceptable risk, and developing cleanup plans t hat do not cause unnecessary delays in the redevelopment and reuse of the property. To do this, it is essential that an appropriately detailed study of the site be performed to identify the cause, nature, and extent of contamination and the possible threats to the environment or to any people living or working nearby through the analysis of samples of soil and soil gas, groundwater, surface water, and sediment. The migration pathways of contaminants also are examined during this phase. Key aspects of cost-effective site assessment to help standardize and accelerate the evaluation of contaminated soils at sites are to provide a simple step-by-step methodology for environmental science/engineering professionals to calculate risk-based, site-specific soil levels for contaminants in soil. Its use may significantly reduce the time it takes to complete soil investigations and cleanup actions at some sites, as well as improve the consistency of these actions across the nation. To achieve the effective site assessment, it requires the criteria for choosing the type of standard and setting the magnitude of the standard come from different sources, depending on many factors including the nature of the contamination. A general scheme for site-specific assessment consists of sequential Phase I, II, and III, which is defined by workplan and soil screening levels. Phase I are conducted to identify and confirm a site's recognized environmental conditions resulting from past actions. If a Phase 1 identifies potential hazardous substances, a Phase II is usually conducted to confirm the absence, or presence and extent, of contamination. Phase II involve the collection and analysis of samples. And Phase III is to remediate the contaminated soils determined by Phase I and Phase II. However, important factors in determining whether a assessment standard is site-specific and suitable are (1) the spatial extent of the sampling and the size of the sample area; (2) the number of samples taken: (3) the strategy of taking samples: and (4) the way the data are analyzed. Although selected methods are recommended, application of quantitative methods is directed by users having prior training or experience for the dynamic site investigation process.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between vasomotor symptoms and factors such as sociodemographics, health behaviors, medical condition, depression, stress, anxiety, attitude toward menopause, and quality of life. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study in peri- and post-menopausal women enrolled by the Korean Association of Health Promotion. Subjects submitted self-report questionnaires about vasomotor symptoms and other clinical symptoms. Associations between vasomotor symptoms and clinical variables were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analyses. Results : 1951 women completed self-report questionnaires and 1022 women were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of vasomotor symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women was 63.9%. Variables showing significant differences between subjects with vasomotor symptoms and subjects without them were score of Beck Depression Inventory, Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean Version, proportions of clinically significant depression(Beck Depression Inventory ${\geq}16$), Menopausal rating scale, attitude towards menopause, the 4 subscales of World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF(Physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment), and a History of Premenstrual syndrome/Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that Beck Depression Inventory, Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean Version, Menopausal Rating Scale, and the Psychological subscale of World Health Organization Quality of Life -BREF show associations with vasomotor symptoms. Conclusions : Menopausal vasomotor symptoms are associated with various psychological factors, especially with depression. Midlife women suffering vasomotor symptoms should therefore be screened for depression. Future prospective studies where clinical subjects are diagnosed using structured interviews, focusing on the causal relationship between depression and vasomotor symptoms are necessary.