• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.491-499
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• 2020

Increasing impervious surfaces can cause various physical and mental illnesses as well as further problems like deterioration of the thermal environment and disconnection of the water circulation system in the downtown area. This study is intended to suggest baseline data for the future creation or remodelation of large-scaled urban parks in consideration of human health on the aspect of climate by analyzing air ions condition and correlation analysis between air ions and meteorological elements depending on distances from the center in the urban park. The study site was divided into four types by distances from the center of Olympic Park in Songpa-gu, Seoul, then classified as A and B. After selecting 80 points to record, land coverage and vegetation status were investigated, and then meteorological elements and air ions were measured. First, the green space rate by section is A section Center (90%)> Inner (70%)> Outer-inner (10%) = Outer (10%), B section Center (100%)> Inner (60%)> Outer- In order of inner (30%)> Outer (0%). Second, for weather factors, the temperature was analyzed by Outer (24.18℃) > Outer-inner (22.90℃) > Inner (22.43℃) > Center (21.719℃). For relative humidity, center (46.49%) > Inner (43.36%) > Outer-inner (42.41%) > Outer (38.53%) was analyzed. Third, In the case of cations in the air ions, Outer(435.71ea/㎤) > Outer-inner(415.16ea/㎤) > Inner (389.46ea/㎤) > Center (352.64ea/㎤). In the case of negative ions, Center (569.72ea/㎤) > Inner (499.83ea/㎤) > Outer-inner(410.58ea/㎤) > Outer (292.02ea/㎤). It was analyzed to increase toward Center, and analyzed to decrease with increasing distance from road. For the Air ion index, it was analyzed as Center (1.67) > Inner (1.31) > Outer-inner (1.08) > Outer (0.71). Negative irons was analyzed to increase when its measuring points close to the center and decrease with shortening distance to the road. Fourth, as a result of correlation analysis, positive(+) correlation is negative ions and ion index. These were measured to increase as the recording points closing to the center of the park from the road. The negative(-) correlation is temperature, solar radiation, and positive ions. These increased as getting closer to the road.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1975

Relationships between yield and various nitrogen efficiencies, between efficiencies and between efficiency and nitrogen uptake amount of rice plant were proposed and tested using data from N.P.K simple trials about 30 to 50 locations, for three years. Established relationships are well in accordance with experimental results by showing highly significant correlations between them. The overall indications are that high yielding capacity of fields with fertilizer application, depends primarily on high fertilizer nitrogen uptake by increasing fertilizer use efficiency (Eu), secondly the efficiency (Ef) of absorbed fertilizer nitrogen (Nf) and fertilization efficiency (Fe) and also depends much on nitrogen efficiency for grain yield (E) to great extend and that the efficiency (Es) of soil nitrogen (Ns) contributes to E more than Ef does. All nitrogen efficiencies are negatively correlated with the uptake amount of corresponding nitrogen and counterpart efficiency. Es and Ef could be determined firstly by difference method and secondly E versus Cs (Cs=Ns/Ns+Nf) plotting and thirdly E-Cs plotting with labelled fertilizermethod using the equation E=Es Cs+B where B=Ef Cf but a constant under the given condition and at last Y-Ns plotting with labelled fertilizer using Eq Y=$Es{\cdot}Ns+B$ where B=$Ef{\cdot}Nf$. Es which seems not much variable from field to field is mostly greater (about 80% of tested fields) than Ef which is much variable and depends much on fertilizer form. The relationships tested and well agreed are as follows: 1. Y=$Es{\cdot}Ns+Ef{\cdot}Nf$ (Y is yield) 2. E=$Es{\cdot}Cs+Ef{\cdot}Cf$ where Cf=Nf/Nf+Ns 3. E=b-aN where E=E, Es or Ef and N=N, Ns or Nf respectively, (E=Y/N, N=Nf+Ns), b is theoretical maximum under the given system and a is tangent at N=O of the curve, Y=EN. 4. Fe=Ef Eu and Se=$Es{\cdot}Eu$ where Se is efficiency of soil available nitrogen. 5. E=$(Se{\cdot}Cs+Fe{\cdot}Cf)/Eu$ 6. Y=$Es{\cdot}Eu{\cdot}Sf+Ef{\cdot}Eu{\cdot}Fn$or Y=$Es{\cdot}Eu{\cdot}Ea{\cdot}Sn+Ef{\cdot}Eu{\cdot}Fn $where Sf=$Ea{\cdot}Sn$, Ea is soil available nitrogen equivalent to fertilizer(Sf) divided by total soil nitrogen (Sn).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.523-532
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• 2010

The proposed method is simple, sensitive and specific Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCESI-MS/MS) method for the quantification of Entacapone (EA) in human plasma using Entacapone-d10 (EAD10) as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on Zorbax SB-C18, $2.1{\times}50\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$ column, mobile phase composed of 10 mM Ammonium formate (pH 3.0): Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v), with a flow-rate of 0.7 mL/min, followed by Liquid-liquid extraction. EA and EAD10 were detected with proton adducts at m/z $306.1{\rightarrow}233.1$ and $316.3{\rightarrow}233.0$ in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive mode respectively. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 1.00 - 2000.00 ng/mL with correlation coefficient ($r^2$) $\geq$ 0.9993. Intra and inter-day Precision within 3.60 to 7.30 and 4.20 to 5.50% and Accuracy within 97.30 to 104.20 and 98.30 to 105.80% proved for EA. This method is successfully applied in the bioequivalence study of healthy Indian human volunteers.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2003

This study reviews 14 years' experience treating esophageal atresia with special emphasis on the clinical profile and outcome. From May 1989 to February 2003, 65 cases of esophageal atresia (EA) were treated at Asan Medical Center. Boys outnumbered girls 2.4 to 1. Prematutity and low birth weight were 27.7% and 38.5%. Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) was the most common type (87.7%), followed by pure EA and H type fistula. Forty-six patients (70.8%) had one or more associated anomalies, cardiac malformations were the most common. Duodenal atresia was found in 7 cases. There were 6 patients (9.2 %) with VATER cluster. VACTERL cluster was present in 18 patients (27.7%), one of who fulfilled the complete syndrome. Waterston group A, B and C made up 21.5%, 40.0% and 38.5% of the total group. Surgical treatment was attempted in 63 patients and deferred in 2 who had severe associated malformations. For EA with distal TEF, primary esophago esophagostomy was carried out in 51 cases, and division of TEF and gastrostomy in 4 cases and no operation in 2 cases. For pure EA, colonic graft was done in 2 after gastrostomy and esophagostomy, and esophago esophagostomy was performed in 2 after gastrostomy. Two patients with pure EA are waiting for the second operation after gastrostomy. Division of TEF was carried out in 2 cases with H type TEF. The overall survival rate was 76.9%, and survival by Waterston classification was 100% in group A, 80.8% in B and 60.0% in C. Thorough workup for associated anomalies, interdepartmental approach and more careful surgical decision and technique are required to improve the outcome of EA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.653-656
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• 1997

The new unsymmetric $N_6$ ligand 1-amino-13-(2-pyridyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraazatridecane (aptatd) containing one pyridyl group has been synthesized and characterized by EA, IR, and NMR. Its proton association constants $(log K_H^n)$ and stability constants $(log K_{ML})$ for Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Zn(Ⅱ) ions were determined at 298.1 K and ionic strength 0.100 mol $dm^{-3}$ (KNO₃) in aqueous solution by potentiometry: log $K_H^1$=8.80, log $K_H^2$=8.49, log $K_H^3$=6.84, log $K_H^4$=4.17, log $K_H^5$=3.47; log $K_{ML}(Co^{2+})$=18.00, log $K_{ML}(Ni^{2+})$=21.31, log $K_{ML}(Cu^{2+})$=23.62, log $K_{ML}(Zn^{2+})$=15.60. The X-ray structure of its nickel(Ⅱ) complex [Ni(aptatd)]$(ClO_4)_2$ are reported: orthorhombic space group Pbca, a=15.715(1) Å, b=14.280(2) Å, c=19.443(2) Å, V=4363.4 (9) ų with Z=8. The geometry around nickel is a distorted octahedron with the pyridine nitrogen atom being cis to the nitrogen atom of the terminal primary amine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2015

Various pretreatment methods were evaluated to prevent tissue softening of heated onion. Changes in onion tissue firmness during heating were explained by 3-mechanism model consisting of texture hardening at low temperature ($60-80^{\circ}C$) and substrate softening at high temperature. Preheating of onion in a $Ca^{2+}$-containing solution significantly improved its texture after high-temperature heating. The improvement of firmness by preheating at low temperature was related to the formation of strong cross-linking between carboxyl groups and $Ca^{2+}$ by the action of pectin methylesterase in onion. The highest firmness was obtained by pre-heating at $70^{\circ}C$ for 120 min in 0.5% calcium solution. This result was supported by chemical analysis showing that the amount of bound calcium was the highest at $70^{\circ}C$. Further investigation should be carried out to establish the optimal conditions to prevent the softening of various vegetables.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2020

In order to industrialize of Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul., which is a lot of commercially available and is synonymous with chrysanthemum tea, in the autumn of 2018, Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. seeds were collected from its own native region, and the seeds were germinated after refrigerated storage. Young seedlings were subjected to experiments in February, March, and April in the open field to examine the effects on the harvesting of leaves by distance and the growth of leaves and stems. The results of analyzing the components by collecting the leaves+stem after collecting the flower of Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. are as follows. 1. When D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. seedlings were planted according to the transplanting date, the number of flowers was 17.1 in the transplanting date in April. The diameter of the flower was 2.9cm, 16ea, 6.5~6.6g in the fresh weight, and the dry weight of the case was 1.1~1.2g. The leaves were 46~47ea in March and April in the planted area, 5.2~5.3cm in leaf length and 3.5~3.6cm in leaf width. 2. When planted D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. seedlings according to transplanting distance, the number of flowers was 16.2 when planted at 20×20cm intervals and, 16.8~17.1 at 30×30~50×50cm intervals. The diameter of the flower was 2.7~2.8cm, the number of petals was 8, the length of the petal was 0.8 cm, and fresh weight was 6.5~6.6g per flower. Leaves had the largest number of 47 of 30×30cm and 40×40cm, and leaf length appeared at the longest 6.2cm in the 50×50cm treatment area, but 5.2cm in the other treatment areas. 3. The extraction yield of D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. leaves+stems was 7.93%, and the extraction solvent colors were light green at 50, 60% and green at 70, 80, 90, 100%. The extraction yield of D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. flowers was 7.58%, the color of the extraction solvent was light yellow at 50, 60 and 70%, yellow at 80 and 90%, and dark yellow at 100%. 4. We confirmed 11 kinds of ingredients such as in D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. flowers are gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, methyl gallate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, naringin, 4-melthoxyben, flavone. The content was 29.200-36.900ppm. 5. The components contained in the D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. leaf+stem, salicylic acid appeared at 6,129.526ppm, and the next 4-methoxyben was 1,966.714ppm. It was methyl gallate 8.197ppm, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic 6.994ppm, caffeic acid 5.566ppm, flavone 4.522ppm, p-coumaric acid 3.787ppm, gallic acid 1.893ppm that appeared in the content below 10ppm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.180-184
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the effect OTR film type on the quality of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) baby leaf during MA storage. Garden cress harvested at baby leaf size of 10cm plant height packed with 1,300 cc, 10,000 cc, 20,000 cc, 40,000 cc, and $80,000cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}$ OTR (oxygen transmission rate) films and MP (micro-perforated) film, and then stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. All of the OTR film treatments showed a decrease of 0.5% fresh weight until the storage end date and a 1.3% decrease in the MP film treatment. The oxygen concentration in the packaging during storage was maintained at 18% or more in 20,000 cc, 40,000 cc, and 80,000 cc OTR film treatments, while the 1,300 cc OTR film treatment decreased to 11% at the storage end date. And the concentration of carbon dioxide was steadily increased in the 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR film treatments to show the levels of 4.5% and 3.4%, respectively, and the other OTR film treatments showed a concentration of less than 1%. Ethylene concentration in the package was maintained at the highest level of $3-5{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the 1,300 cc treatment during the storage period. The lowest odor and the highest quality of appearance were observed in the 1,300 cc treatment, but the MP film treatment and the other OTR treatments lost marketable quality due to yellowing. The color of garden cress baby leaf was changed the lowest in 1,300 cc treatment that showed the highest chlorophyll content and Hue angle value, lowest $b^*$ value, present of yellowing at end of storage date. Therefore, 1,300 cc treatment which was most effective for yellowing and odor suppression during storage is considered to be suitable for packaging of garden cress baby leaf.