• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.449-457
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• 2014

Recent studies have shown that teachers should have be aware of and understand students' misconceptions, which is one of the major components of PCK. However, teachers often have difficulties in understanding misconceptions and in applying appropriate instructional strategies to change misconceptions. Thus, we designed a method course for pre-service teachers (PSTs) adapting the concept of "teacher as researcher". In the course, PSTs conducted research to investigate students' misconceptions in physics. Twenty-five female PSTs participated in the study. They went through the research process including creating question items, administering items to their target populations, collecting and analyzing student responses, and writing a research paper. Data source included individual interviews with the PSTs, field notes during classroom observation and PSTs' research papers. The results were as follows. First, the PSTs confirmed students' misconceptions and learning difficulties in physics. They experienced discrepancies between their conjecture and research findings. Second, PSTs developed the sophisticated understanding of students' misconceptions and appropriate teaching strategies. Third, the research experience provided the PSTs opportunities to reexamine their physics content knowledge while creating items and explaining scientific concepts. They realized that physics teachers should develop sound understanding of physics concepts for guiding students to have less misconception. Lastly, they realized the necessity of being a teacher as a researcher.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

The research area for solving question answering (QA) problems using artificial intelligence models is in a methodological transition period, and one such architecture, the dynamic memory network (DMN), is drawing attention for two key attributes: its attention mechanism defined by neural network operations and its modular architecture imitating cognition processes during QA of human. In this paper, we increased accuracy of the inferred answers, by adapting an automatic data augmentation method for lacking amount of training data, and by improving the ability of time perception. The experimental results showed that in the 1K-bAbI tasks, the modified DMN achieves 89.21% accuracy and passes twelve tasks which is 13.58% higher with passing four more tasks, as compared with one implementation of DMN. Additionally, DMN's word embedding vectors form strong clusters after training. Moreover, the number of episodic passes and that of supporting facts shows direct correlation, which affects the performance significantly.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.683-702
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to explore the justification and the possibility of convertgent gifted education through science and arts. Because the nature of art make up the base of each discipline and the creative talents in the heart of gifted education can be achieved through arts education. In order to achieve the purpose of these studies, three aspects have been explored. First, the relevance between the ontological nature of arts and gifted education discussed in philosophical and aesthetic point of view was explored. Second, the practical possibility was confirmed through an analysis of previous studies about the science and arts for gifted education. Finally, by looking at today's social and cultural phenomenon and future talent, it was argued that the development of convergent talent must be needed in the future. This paper will be a springboard for follow-up study to prove the feasibility of convergent gifted education through identifying factors in creative thinking process of gifted students in science and arts. And views of convergent gifted education with artistic will be expanded further and newly recognized. In addition to, it is expected that this study will help the establishment and operation Arts Gifted Education Institute in University and Science and Arts Gifted School.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.129-151
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• 2002

Today, shipping companies have shown the positive volition to the finding of chanced market through the development of new route with the new recognition and enhancement of competitiveness on the quality management in order to cope with the sharply-changing environment of shipping industry. Accordingly, this study is an empirical study which attempts the general and situational approach in order to clarify what TQM source, Activities and performance affect the enterprises and how it is different upon the step of quality management activities in the object of the incidental business related to the oceangoing and costal transportation, and marine and the groups related to the marines, subdividing the area of offering the shipping service.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.855-863
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• 2000

Although Behavior-Knowledge Space (BKS) method, one of well known decision combination methods, does not need any assumptions in combining the multiple experts, it should theoretically build exponential storage spaces for storing and managing jointly observed K decisions from K experts. That is, combining K experts needs a (K+1)st-order probability distribution. However, it is well known that the distribution becomes unmanageable in storing and estimating, even for a small K. In order to overcome such weakness, it has been studied to decompose a probability distribution into a number of component distributions and to approximate the distribution with a product of the component distributions. One of such previous works is to apply a conditional independence assumption to the distribution. Another work is to approximate the distribution with a product of only first-order tree dependencies or second-order distributions as shown in [1]. In this paper, higher order dependency than the first-order is considered in approximating the distribution and a dependency-based framework is proposed to optimally approximate the (K+1)st-order probability distribution with a product set of dth-order dependencies where ($1{\le}d{\le}K$), and to combine multiple experts based on the product set using the Bayesian formalism. This framework was experimented and evaluated with a standardized CENPARMI data base.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.2
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• pp.133-158
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• 1998

최근의 많은 연구에서 정보기술에 대한 서비스제공 및 서비스 질(qualiy)에 대한 평가와 측정도구의 개발이 활발하게 이르어져 왔다(Pitt et al 1998) 또한 서비스 주체가 인적 요인에서 무형의 매체로 전환되고 있으며, 이러한 원인은 정보기술의 응용성에서 찾을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 서비스 관점을 정보기술의 응용분야의 한 핵심이 될 수 있는 정보통신분야의 이동 휴대통신을 중심으로 서비스 질을 평가하여 문제점과 대안을 탐색하고자 하였다. 정보통신분야는 기간산업으로서의 역할과 그 중요성이 더욱 증대되고 있으며, 개별 기업차원에서도 정보기술 인프라는 중요한 경쟁요인이 될 수 있다. 그러나 이 분야에 대한 연구가 미흡하고 단순한 지표를 통한 비교 등의 연구 방법론에 있어서도 미비하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정보통신분야의 중요성을 인식하고 초기 단계의 이동 휴대통신 분야의 핵심역량을 규명하고 향후 서비스 전략의 성공요인을 찾아내고자 하였다. 이러한 연구를 수행하기 위해 서비스만족 변수를 대리 측정도구로 이용하여 정보통신 기술 부분, 정보제공 부분, 비용우위 및 차별화 부분을 통해 계층적으로 접근하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 크게 세부분으로 요약된다. 첫째, 정보통신기술 부분에 대해 혁신적이고 안정적일 때 서비스만족도는 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 통신장비 및 부가장비의 우수성도 서비스부분에 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정보제공과 서비스만족과의 관계에서는 필요정보에 대한 서비스 밀착도가 높으면 서비스만족도는 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 정보제공 분야의 서비스 개발력은 서비스만족도에 미치는 영향정도도 크게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 차별화 및 비용우위와 서비스만족과의 관계도 매우 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 비용 및 요금은 서비스만족도에 결정적 영향변수로 나타났으며, 광고 및 홍보부분도 만족도의 영향변수로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 서비스전략에 응용될 수 있으며, 이동 휴대통신분야의 성공요인을 가시적으로 분석할 수 있다. 본 연구의 한계점은 첫째, 실제 서비스를 제공하는 서비스 주체의 객관적인 평가가 부족하였고 이러한 상횡에서 정보통신 기술 서비스 능력이 잘 반영되지 못했다는 점을 들 수 있다. 둘째, 이동 통신의 분야별 연구를 통해 비교 평가가 세부적으로 이루어지지 못했으며 연구방법상 샘플조사의 한계와 객관적인 응답자료를 확보하기가 어려웠던 점을 들 수 있다. 마지막으로 분석결과에서는 변수간의 유의성이 있는 것으로 볼 수 있지만 측정도구가 미약하며, 향후 지속적인 연구와 측정도구의 개발이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understand the undergraduate students' response characteristics by their cognitive conflict levels and result predictions when they were confronted with the learning tasks of action & reaction and electric circuits. The 147 engineering college students who were enrolled at the introductory physics classes were selected as the subjects for this study. The students were grouped by cognitive levels and result predictions. First, in action and reaction task, the trend of suspecting experimental results and finding the reasons was dominant; however, in electric circuits, the trend of accepting the results was dominant. Second, the reasons for the responses on the subcategories of cognitive conflict were different by the level of cognitive conflict. The responses were influenced by students' preexisting knowledge, former experiences, learning habits, learning motivation, and epistemological beliefs, etc. The high conflict group recognized what they do not consider and was positive to reappraise their preconceptions, while the low conflict group showed the tendency of accepting the situation without doubt and low interest on learning physics. In conclusion, students responses showed differences in cognitive conflict levels, result predictions and presented conflict tasks. The research results, especially the response characteristics, suggest that more research on effective cognitive conflict strategies appropriate for different tasks and students' conflicts are necessary for effective physics teaching.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.23
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• pp.393-421
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• 2008

This thesis has an intention to reorganize the topic of Ontology that has not unnoticed, investigating the symbolic signs of Zhuxi. The symbols in Ontology visualize in an anthropomorphic form or a form of animals that we can usually find in the nature. The visible symbols have characteristics of the dynamic rather than the stillness. The symbols of human and a horse have developed as different interpretations depending on the relative importance. The movement of stream symbolize the Movement of Daoti that manifests thorough all things in the Dao and have a structure of 'Ti-Xiang-Yong'. The Substance of Metaphysics embodies an action thorough 'Metaphysics' or 'with Metaphysics'. Accordingly, 'a stream' symbolizes 'the Movement of Daoti' in that it manifests the form of Daoti makes body. A kite and a fish symbolize the form of a kite flies up into the sky and the shape of a fish plays in the pond. These not only represent an outlook on the world, but also symbolize the stage of the Movement of Daoti. 'Human', 'a stream', 'a kite' and 'a fish' include activeness, domination, dynamics, manifestation, visibility, naturalness.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.729-738
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• 2019

Recently, we aim to improve the quality of virtual reality contents based on quantitative analysis results of emotions through combination of emotional recognition field and virtual reality field. Emotions are analyzed based on the participant's vital signs. Much research has been done in terms of signal analysis, but the methodology for quantifying emotions has not been fully discussed. In this paper, we propose a normalization function design and expression method to quantify the emotion between various bio - signals. Use the Brute force algorithm to find the optimal parameters of the normalization function and improve the confidence score of the parameters found using the true and false scores defined in this paper. As a result, it is possible to automate the parameter determination of the bio-signal normalization function depending on the experience, and the emotion can be analyzed quantitatively based on this.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

Spatial data integration using multiple geo-based data sets has been regarded as one of the primary GIS application issues. As for this issue, several integration schemes have been developed as the perspectives of mathematical geology or geo-mathematics. However, research-based approaches for statistical/quantitative assessments between integrated layer and input layers are not fully considered yet. Related to this niche point, in this study, spatial data integration using multiple geoscientific data sets by known integration algorithms was primarily performed. For spatial integration by using raster-based GIS functionality, geological, geochemical, geophysical data sets, DEM-driven data sets and remotely sensed imagery data sets from the Ogdong area were utilized for geological thematic mapping related by mineral potential mapping. In addition, statistical/quantitative information extraction with respective to relationships among used data sets and/or between each data set and integrated layer was carried out, with the scope of multiple data fusion and schematic statistical assessment methodology. As for the spatial integration scheme, certainty factor (CF) estimation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied. However, this study was not aimed at direct comparison of both methodologies; whereas, for the statistical/quantitative assessment between integrated layer and input layers, some statistical methodologies based on contingency table were focused. Especially, for the bias reduction, jackknife technique was also applied in PCA-based spatial integration. Through the statistic analyses with respect to the integration information in this case study, new information for relationships of integrated layer and input layers was extracted. In addition, influence effects of input data sets with respect to integrated layer were assessed. This kind of approach provides a decision-making information in the viewpoint of GIS and is also exploratory data analysis in conjunction with GIS and geoscientific application, especially handing spatial integration or data fusion with complex variable data sets.