• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2009

In this study, the YLPODS (Yonsei Laser-ranging Precision Orbit Determination System) is developed for POD using SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) NP (Normal Point) observations. The performance of YLPODS is tested using SLR NP observations of TOPEX/POSEIDON and CHAMP satellite. JPL's POE (Precision Orbit Ephemeris) is assumed to be true orbit, the measurement residual RMS (Root Mean Square) and the orbit accuracy (radial, along-track, cross-track) are investigated. The validation of POD using GPS (Global Positioning System) raw data is achieved by YLPODS performance and highly accurate SLR NP observations. YGPODS (Yonsei GPS-based Precision Orbit Determination System) is used for generating GPS based precise orbits for TOPEX/POSEIDON. The initial orbit for YLPODS is derived from the YGPODS results. To validate the YGPODS results the range residual of the first adjustment of YLPODS is investigated. The YLPODS results using SLR NP observations of TOPEX/POSEIDON and CHAMP satellite show that the range residual is less than 10 cm and the orbit accuracy is about 1 m level. The validation results of the YGPODS orbits using SLR NP observations of the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite show that the range residual is less than 10 cm. This result predicts that the accuracy of this GPS based orbits is about 1m level and it is compared with JPL's POE. Thus this result presents that the YLPODS can be used for POD validation using SLR NP observations such as STSAT-2 and KOMPSAT-5.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

The popularity of courier services in Korea has made it an essential part of the country's domestic logistics industry, bolstering the growth not only of the national economy, but also the quality of people's daily lives. An effective strategy for courier companies in Korea would be to provide high-quality services to their existing target markets with the goal of maximizing customer loyalty. This study investigates structural relationships between customer loyalty and service quality as a set of factors and between customer trust and customer satisfaction. These antecedent relationships will be used to understand the "performance formation model" through service quality. In this study, service quality, as a set of factors, is considered to be the independent variable, while customer satisfaction and customer trust are both treated as intervening variables. Finally, customer loyalty is the dependent variable. Following a review of the literature, this paper's proffered hypothesis will be investigated in terms of whether the independent and intervening variables significantly affect customer loyalty. A statistical analysis of the empirical research was carried out using both SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 The results of this study's empirical analysis show three conclusions. First, among the intervening variables (customer satisfaction and customer trust), customer satisfaction is significantly correlated with customer loyalty. Customer trust, however, was shown to have little or no relationship to customer loyalty. Second, the quality of service variable seems to influence customer satisfaction, customer trust, and customer loyalty. Third, with respect to the relationship of intervening variables, customer trust affects customer satisfaction. Thus, the companies that have a competitive advantage in Korea have successfully maximized customer loyalty for their existing customers. Courier companies will need to research and study customer needs. Therefore, this research suggests that effective courier service management can be better understood through the application of the service quality performance formation model, which can enhance the quality of service provided by domestic courier services. This research is limited to investigating qualitative variables, such as the service quality factors, customer satisfaction, and customer trust. It would be helpful for future research on courier services to consider quantitative variables, such as price and weight.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.357-368
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• 1996

To utilize the ascidian tunic as a natural pigment and dietary sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), juvenile were fed on experimental diets containing enzymatic hydrolysates of ascidian tunic treated with three commercial mined enzymes (ultrazyme, cellulase, viscozyme) for 12 weeks. From the results of feeding experiment, similar growth rate was checked in the enzymatic hydrolysis group compared with control, and those were a higher than of ascidian tunic powder group. The total acetone extractable pigment in muscle of the enzymatic hydrolysates group was lower than that of the ascidian extracts group and carophyll pink group until 8 weeks, but the level of those pigment of the enzymatic hydrolysates was similar to the ascidian extracts and carophyll pink group after 12 weeks. The lipid content was increased with the pigment concentration in the all experimental group. But the ascidian tunic pigment did not influence on the composition of the fatty acids in the muscle and liver. From the consideration of results for pigmentation, the enzymatic hydrolysates of ascidian tunic were suitable for both a natural pigment and dietary protein and carbohydrates sources as a substitute synthetic pigment for aquaculture use.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.423-435
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• 1984

The reproductive cycle of the small filefish, Rudarius ercodes was investigated based on the annual variations of gonadosomatic index(GSI) and hepatosomatic index(HSI) by electronic and photic microscophy. The specimens used were collected at the coastal area of Benden island, Sizuokagen, Japan, from September 1982 to August 1983. GSI began to increase from March, starting season of longer daylength and higher water temperature, and reached the maximum value between June and August. It began to decrease from September with the lowest value appearing between November and February without any evident variation. The annual variations of HSI were not distinct in male filefish and were negatively related to GSI in female : HSI decreased in the summer season when the ovary was getting mature and reached the maximum in the winter season when the ovary was getting retrogressive. The ovary consisted of a pair of saccular structure with numerous ovarian sacs branched toward the median cavity. Oogonia divided and proliferated along the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac. Young oocytes with basophile cytoplasm showed several scattering nucleoli along the nuclear membrane. when the oocytes growing to about 300 ${\mu}m$, nuclear membrane to disappear with nucleus migrating toward the animal pole. The regions of protoplasm were extremely confined within the animal hemisphere in which most of cytoplasms were filled with yolk materials and oil drops. After ovulation, residual follicles and growing oocytes remaining in the ovarian sacs degenerated. But perinucleatic young oocytes without follicles formed were not degenerated, and growing continuously still in the next year. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula in the cytoplasm remarkably increased with oocytes maturing and yolk accumulating. Those were considered to be functionally related to the yolk accumulation. Five or six layers of possible vitellogenin, oval-shaped disc structures with high electron density, appeared in the apex of follicular processes stretching to the microvilli pits of mature oocytes. Testis consisting of a pair of lobular structures in the right and left were united in the posterior seminal vesicle, Cortex of testis was composed of several seminiferous tubules, and medulla consisting of many sperm ducts connected with tubules. Steroid hormone-secreting cells with numerous endoplasmic reticula and large mitochondria of well developed cristae were recognized in the interstitial cells of the growing testis. Axial filament of spermatozoon invaginated deeply in the central cavity of the nucleus and the head formed U-shape with acrosome severely lacking, mitochondria formed large globular paranuclei at the posterior head, and microtubular axoneme of the tail represented 9+9+2 type. The annual reproductive cycles could be divided into five successive stages : growth(March to July), maturation(May to September), Spawning(mid May to early October) and resting stages(October to February). The spawning peak occurred from June to August.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

A bridge is a structure constructed on water or in the air for convenient passage. Compared to other buildings, the building materials and structures of bridge required unique functions to cross the space. It depends on the productivity of the building, the level of science and technology, and the ecological environment of the building site. Also, it has important relationship with functions such as politics, military, economy, and life. Most of the academic research on bridges is focused on research in the field of bridge-building technology, so the study on the landscape aesthetics and history of bridges is lacking. Against this backdrop, the study will be valuable as a accumulation of both countries' understanding of bridge types, history and culture, as well as technical and aesthetic data, by analyzing the bridges located within the palaces of Korea and China. The research method is to analyze the bridge through field survey and literature analysis.. First, the bridges of royal palace of Korea and China are to be classified quantitatively as physical shapes, landscapes, and decorations by comparing the materials, forms, landscapes, and decorative culture of bridges. Second, characteristics, common points, and differences are extracted by classifying bridges of both countries. Also, the results are discussed based on the physical environment or cultural background. This would be worth cross-referencing in the building technology and aesthetics of the two countries. For the first important characteristics of result, main materials of Korean and Chinese palaces are stone. However, the bridge in China's royal palaces is also focused on wood. Second, in terms of form, the bridges in the royal gardens of Korea and China are all based on the beam bridge. However, the specific form, ratio, style of the beam bridge, and airspace of arched bridge are very different. Third, most of the connection methods are focused on the over bridge. It values the convergence with the surrounding landscape. Due to the difference in the area and location of water, the bridge in the Korean palace is more focused on the convergence of the surrounding buildings and plants, while the bridge in the Chinese palace is more concerned about the harmony of hydration. Fourth, the decoration places importance on the artistry and aesthetics of both the bridges in Korea and China. There is a difference in style in the same type of decoration due to culture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.837-841
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• 2004

Changes in total aerobic bacteria (TAB), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), rod- and coccal-shaped lactic acid bacteria (R- and C-LAB), pH, and total acidity were investigated during fermentation of radish with new fermentation base at $20^{\circ}C$ for up to 16 days. New fermentation base was prepared by pre-fermenting a mixture of rice bran and rice water (1 : 0.1, w/v) at $20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Initially, radish showed 5.41, 4.23, 4.57, and 3.1 log CFU/g, and base showed 6.68, 6.60, 5.95, and 5.6 log CFU/mL for TAB, LAB, R-LAB, and C-LAB, respectively. Initial pH and total acidity of radish were $6.6^{\circ}C$ and 0.09%, and those of base were 5.76 and 0.36%, respectively, Counts of LAB (4.23 to 8.33 Bog Cpu/g, 6.6 to 9.7 log CFU/mL), R-LAB (4.57 to 7.15 log CFU/g, 5.95 to 8.5 log CFU/mL), and C-LAB (3.1 to 7.5 log CFU/g, 5.6 to 8.6 log CFU/mL) of radish and base respectively increased during initial fermentation period, then remained constant during late fermentation period, and far 4 days after fermentation, pH values (6.6 to 4.19, 5.76 to 4.57) drastically decreased and thereafter slowly decreased. Total acidities of radish and base (0.09 to 0.63%, 0.36 to 0.63%, respectively) drastically increased far 7 days after fermentation and increased slightly thereafter.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

To develop a method for separation process using Sep-pak $C_18$, simultaneous and systematic analysis of 8 permitted and 11 non-permitted synthetic food colors in Korea, optimization of analysis conditions for reverse phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography was carried out. For the best result of Sep-pak $C_18$ separation the pH of color standard mixture solution was $5{\sim}6$ and 0.1% HCl-methanol solution were set as eluent. The colors eluated from Sep-pak $C_18$ cartridge were determined and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector at 420 nm for yellow colors type, at 520 nm for red colors type, at 600 nm for blue and green colors type and at 254 nm for mixed colors. Conditions for HPLC analysis were as follows: column, Symmetry $C_18$ (5 m, 3.9 mm $i.d.{\times}150\;mm$); mobile phase, 0.025 M ammonium acetate (containing 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium bromide) : acetonitrile : methanol (65 : 25 : 10) and 0.025 M ammonium acetate(containing 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium bromide) : acetonitrile : methanol (40 : 50 : 10); flow rate, 1 mL/min. It takes 35 minutes for simultaneaus analysis and 18 minutes for systematic analysis. The detection limits range of each colors were $0.01{\sim}0.05\;{\mu}g/g$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2001

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki. cv. Fuyu) fruits were packaged under different conditions, and then stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 21 weeks. The tried packages were heat-sealed bag of one fruit, heat-sealed bag of five fruits, and tie-sealed bag of five fruits, which used films of three different thickness (0.03 ㎜, 0.05 ㎜ and 0.06 ㎜). Throughout the storage, package free volume, package atmosphere and quality were measured. Package free volume decreased with time with higher rate for heat-sealed bags, in which close contact between fruit and the film was eventually reached in longer storage. However, tie-sealed bags maintained the levels of stabilized free volume. The rate of free volume decrease was faster with thinner film and larger bag size for the packs sealed by the same method. Package atmosphere covered $O_2$ concentration of $1.1{\sim}17.1%$ and $CO_2$ concentration of $1.1{\sim}8.3%$, $O_2$ concentration decreased during storage, whereas $CO_2$ increased. Thinner film package created the internal atmosphere of higher $O_2$ and lower $CO_2$ concentrations. Tie-sealed bags of 5 fruits in the films of 0.05 mm and 0.06 mm thickness maintained the equilibrated package atmosphere of $1.1{\sim}3.0%\;O_2$ and $4.0{\sim}5.5%\;CO_2$, which preserved the fruits best in terms of firmness and less physiological changes of flesh browning and peel browning. At five fruit heat-sealed bag in the films of 0.06 mm thickness with $CO_2\;8.3%$, flesh browning occurred at a high rate, whereas all treatments in the film of 0.03 mm thickness with high $O_2$ and relatively low $CO_2$ contents, flesh and peel browning rates were high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1274-1283
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• 2005

The sensory acceptability, texture profile analysis and nutritional evaluation were peformed in Korean traditional mungbean pancake (MPC) and modified MPC containing squid meat and soybean to standardize the recipes for healthy fast food market potentiality. Optimal ingredient formulations were revealed as mung-bean 55$\%$, pork 13$\%$ and vegetables 32$ \%$ for traditional MPC, and pork 3$\%$, squid 42$\%$ and soybean 55$\%$ for modified MPC using response surface methodology. Flavor and hardness correlated highly with overall accept-ability rather than appearance and color of traditional MPC. Higher squid levels raised adhesiveness, springi-ness and resiliences of modified MPC, but soybean decreased these textural attributes. Protein, lipid and total calorie of modified MPC were lower than those of traditional MPC. Computed protein efficiency ratio (C-PER) and degree of gelatinization of modified MPC were superior than traditional MPC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1239-1245
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• 2005

Hallabong peel oils grown in open field and green house were extracted by hand-pressing flavedo and collected on ice. Volatile flavor components of Hallabong peel oils were identified and compared by using gas chromatography and mass- spectrometry. Forty-four flavor components were identified in open field oil and 45 flavor components in green house oil. (E) -Limonene-1,2-epoxide and neral were identified only in Hallabong oil grown in open field, on the other hand, $\beta$-cubebene, $\beta$-elemene and decyl acetate were detected only in green house oil. Limonene was the most abundant component in both oils as more than 86$\%$ of peak weight, followed by sabinene (1.8$\~$ 3.6$\%$) and myrcene (2.4$\~ $2.6$\%$). The difference of the volatile profile between open field and green house oils were significantly characterized by identification and quantity of alcohol group. The total alcohols in open field and green house oils accounted for 1.8$\%$ and 0.8$\%$, respectively. Among alcohols, the level of linalool was relatively high in open field oil (1.2$\%$), however, it accounted for 0.5$\%$ in green house oil. Flavor properties of fresh Hallabong peel and flesh were also examined by sensory evaluation. Flavor properties of fresh Hallabong grown in open field were relatively stronger on both peel and flesh by sensory analysis. Sweetness was strong in Hallabong flesh from open field, and sourness in that from green house. The sensory evaluation of the preference in consideration of taste and aroma was significantly high in Hallabong grown in open field (p<0.01). From the present study, the stronger flayer properties and the preference of Hallabong from open field by sensory evaluation seem to be associated with the high level of linalool in its peel oil, and the composition of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as sabinene and (E) -$\beta$ -ocimene.