• Applied Microscopy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1981

The pars distalis of the Korean frogs (Rana dybowskii Guenther) during hibernating and active periods was observed with the electron microscope. Seven cell types were classified according to the size and shape of secretory granules and to the ultrastructural characteristics. There were many differences between hibernating and active frogs in type 5 cells. Therefore the following results were observed. Cell type 1; This type cell contains spherical secretory granules, $375{\sim}687m{\mu}$ in diameter. Cell type 2; This type cell contains various secretory granules, $250{\sim}437m{\mu}$ in diameter Cell type 3; Spherical and rod-shaped granules, $l25{\sim}187m{\mu}$ in diameter were observed. Cell type 4; In this type cell, the electron density is the lowest and the density of granules is the highest of all type cells. This type cell contains various secretory granules and large secretory granules, $2l0{\sim}420m{\mu}$ in diameter, were also observed. Cell type 5; The electron density of this cells is similar to that of type 4 cells. The density of granules is lower than that of type 4 cells. And the shapes of the secretory granules are similar to those of type 4 cells. But many rod shaped granules, $200{\sim}863m{\mu}$ in diameter, were also observed. Cell type 6; This type was similar to type 2. The electron density of cytoplasm is very low. Spherical granules, $232{\sim}316m{\mu}$ in diameter, were observed. Cell type 7; This type of cell has no secretory granules. This cell is not developed very well. The type 5 cells in hibernating frogs are different from cells in active frogs. In type 5 cells, many secretory granules were observed during active period. But the number of secretory granules were greatly declined and there were many vacuoles in cytoplasm during hibernating period.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

Pancreases obtained from native Korean goats were used, and examined by immunoelectron microscopy using several antisera. Five types cells, glucagon (A), insulin (B), somatostatin (D), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP-I and PP-II) cells, were identified in the pancreatic islets. The morphologies of A, B, and D cells corresponded to the typical charateristics described in previous reports on other mammals. Serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in the D cells on the basis of the granular profiles. Two types of PP cells could be distinguished on the basis of the granular profile: the first type was formed by round, homogeneous secretory granules ($220{\sim}400nm$) having a narrow halo between the dense core and limiting membrane, while the other type consisted of cells whose secretory granules ($240{\sim}440\;nm$ in the major axis, $150{\sim}200nm$ in the minor axis) were pleomorphic, having a dense core and a closely fitting limiting membrane. From these results, we suggest that the pancreatic islets of the native Korean goat consist of five types of endocrine cells, A, B, D, PP-I and PP-II cells. Among these, PP-I type cells may correspond to the classical PP of other mammalian pancreases, while PP-II type cells may correspond to the enterochromaffin cells in other species.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.293-303
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• 1993

쇠오징어(Sepiella maindroni)흠반의 외측 상피조직에서 3종류의 감각세포(A, B 및 D형 감각세포)와, 1종류의 감각상피세포(C형 감각 상피세포) 그리고 2종류의 점액세포(a 및 b형 점액세포)가 각각 관찰되었다. A 및 B형 감각세포는 분포상태가 다를 뿐 형태는 거의 유사한 세포이고 많은 분비액포를 지닌 해면질 형태의 세포로서 전자 밀도가 낮은 물질을 분비하는 분비성 감각세포로 확인되었다. 0형 세포는 매우 작은 감각세포로서 세포의 자유면에 긴 융모가 밀생되어있었고, 측면원형질막은 불규칙한 수지상 연접을 이루고 있었다. 이 세포는 전자밀도가 매우 높아서 검게 보였다. C형 감각 상피세포도 세포의 자유면에 긴 미세융모가 밀생되어있는 단층 원주상 세포로서. 이 세포 역시 측면원형질막이 불규칙한 수지상 연접을 이루고 있고. 엽접내에는 많은 소포와 약간의 사립제가 관찰되었다. 3형 점액세포는 세포질속에 내강이 팽창된 활면소포체를 소지하고 있으며 전자밀도가 높은 구형의 점액과립을 형성하였고, b형 점액세포도 전자밀도가 중등도인 점액질 과립을 소지하고 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 1995

Ultrastructural characteristics of hemocytic differentiation pathway in Sericinus montetla Grey were observed with transmission electron microscope. Hemocytic differentiation took place in loose islets of hemopoietic organs as indicated by the presence of differentiating hemocytes; prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells and spherule cells. They are differentiatied from the stem cells through individual cell lineages. However, differentiating aspects of the oenocytoids were not observed. According to Brehelin and Zachary (1986), the premature hemocytes around the hemopoietic organs were classified into five types; prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells, spherule cells and oenocytoids.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.405-413
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• 1992

등검은메뚜기(EuprepoceRneTmis shirak시 성충에서 면역작용에 관여하는 혈구로 확인된 Plasmatocvte와 granu10cvte 1 딪 granu10cyte 11의 형태와 미세구조적 특징을 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. Plasmatocyte는 방추형 또는 맡은 세포질돌기를 형성하고 있는 다형의 형태로 세포질에는 리소조옴과 식포가 존재하고 있었고, 식포의 융합에 의해서 형성된 multivesicular body가 관찰되었다. Granulocyte 1은 구형의 형태로 세포질에는 약 0.2-0.3 urn 크기의 과립을 함유하고 있었으며, 특히 원형질막 가장자리에 세포의 골격을 유지하는 미세소관 다발을 갖고 있었다. Granulocyte 11는 난형 또는 방추형의 형태로 세포질에는 약 0.5-0.8 Um의 과립이 세포질의 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 세포소기 관은 granu10cyte 1보다 덜 발달되어 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

Purpose: The granulocytic sarcoma which developed in leukemic patients are quite rare and it will have bad prognosis, but it's tumor pathogenesis and also their treatment are not yet established. Through this study we have tried to know their clinical course, prognosis and their end result of recent treatment. Material and Methods: Total 20 patients of granulocytic sarcoma which were developed in total 2,197 leukemic patients from April, 1998 to September, 2004 were treated at the leukemic center and the orthopaedic department of St. Mary's hospital, Catholic University of Korea, and followed them for 1~78 months(average 18 months). Results: Total 20 cases of granulocytic sarcoma was found in 14 cases of total 1,331 acute myelocytic leukemic patients(AML), 4 cases of total 744 of chronic myelocytic leukemic patients(CML), and only one case in total 122 of acute biphenotype of leukemia. And so their occurrence rate in leukmic patients are actually 0.91%, total 20 cases of granulocytic sarcoma in total 2,197 leukemic patients at same period. Their ages are average 28.3 years(4~52 years), and male are predominant(13 cases) than female(7 cases). Single involvement was found in 11 cases but multiple lesions are in 9 cases, and spine, brain, extremities, chest, and pelvic bone are involved in frequency. The granulocytic sarcoma was developed in various stages of the leukemia, ie, 8 cases in complete remission of leukemia, and 12 cases in the treatment process of AML. The pathohistologic evaluation of granulocytic sarcoma was done in 6 cases which was developed in their extremities, and confirmed numerous immature myeloblasts and lymphocytes mixed. The treatment of these granulocytic sarcoma was mainly limited for the treatment of leukemia by Glivac and massive steroid therapy(19cases) and also combined with the bone marrow transplantation(13 cases), but radiation therapy with average 3,500 rads in 15 cases out of total 20 sarcomas was also done, and followed them for average 17.5 months after development of granulocytic sarcomas. Finally their prognosis was so bad that 12 patients(60%) out of total 20 granulocytic sarcoma were dead in 6.5 months after sarcoma developed and we found the granulocytic sarcoma was more fatal if they are developed during the process of CML(mortality: 100%(4/4cases). Conclusion: The prognosis of granulocytic sarcomas in leukemic patients are quite fatal, and much more studies for their pathogenesis and ways of treatment should be performed continuously.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2001

큰가리비는 자웅이체이다. 난환형성과정은 난모세포의 발달정도에 다라 다르게 나타나고 있다. 난자형성과정은 난원세포기, 전난황형성난모세포기, 초기난황형성난모세포기, 후기난황형성난모세포기, 성숙난모세포기의 연속적인 5단계의 과정으로 나눌 수 있었다. 전난황형성기 난모세포질 내에서는 핵주변 구역에 골지장치와 수많은 공포들 및 미토콘드리아들이 출현하고 있는데 이들은 차후, 지방적 형성에 관여한다. 난황형성전기난모세포(previtellogenic oocyte)에서는 지방적 및 지질과립들이 핵막 근처에서 출현하여 피질층쪽으로 분산되는 반면, 같은 발달 단계의 난모세포질의 피질구역에서는 피질과립들(단백질성 난황과립)이 처음으로 생성되어 난황막 근처의 피질층에서 핵주변 구역쪽으로 분산.분포된다. 난황형성후기 난모세포에서는 세포질 내의 골지장치, 공포, 미토콘드리아, 그리고 조면소포체들이 자율합성에 의해 난황과립 형성에 관여하고 있다. 반면 외인성 물질들인 지질형태의 과립들, 다량의 글리코겐 입자들이 생식상피 내에서 출현하고 있는데. 이들 물질이 생식상피에서 난황막 구조물인 미세융모를 통해 난황형성 후기 난모세포의 날질 내로 통과해 들어가는 현상이 관찰되었다. 이와같은 현상은 난황형성이 일어날 때에 heterosynthesis가 일어나고 있음을 시사한다. 완숙난모세포의 난경은 약 50~60$\mu\textrm{m}$이다. 정자형성과정은 정원세포기, 제1차정모세포기, 제2차정모세포기, 정세포기, 정자기의 연속적인 5단계로 나눌수 있었다. 정셍포기에서 정자로 변태되는 과정 중에 침체의 분화과정이 있는데 이에는 1. Golgi phase, 2. Cap phase 3. acrosome phase, 4. maturation phase의 단계를 거쳐 첨체가 완성된다. 정자는 원시적 형태를 이루고 있으며 4개의 미토콘드리아가 부핵을 형성하고 있다. 완숙정자 두부의 길이는 대략 $3 \mu$m 이며, 미부의 길이는 약 $30 \mu$m정도이다. 정자 미부편모의 axoneme은 중앙의 2개의 미세소관(microtubule)과 주변에 위치한 9개의 2중 미세소구관(microtublue)으로 이루어져 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.345-360
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• 2002

Pollen morphology of four genera, 22 species of Korean Crassulaceae has been examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The presence/absence of the aperture margo and granules was useful characters to clarify the generic boundaries, and the shapes of the streate were significant to delineate taxonomic relationships within the genus Sedum. The pollen grains of Korean Crassulaceae were small and medium in size. Hylotelephium viviparum has the smallest pollen grains, and H. viridescens the largest. The pollen grains are tricolporate, circular in polar view and were prolate to prolate-spheroidal in equatorial shape. Korean Crassulaceae species have striate grains. The close pollen morphological relationships among Hylotelephium, Meterostachys and Orostachys species were concordant to the results based on the previous molecular and morphological studies. The results of the clustering analysis using pollen characters support the segregation of Sedum sensu lato which has been proposed by the previous authors. Within the genus Sedum, S. kamtschatium is closely related to S. middendorffianum with granules on the surface of the pollen grains. Sedum polytrichoides, a member of the Sedum, was clustered to the species of the Meterostachys, Hylotelephium and Orostachys, and needs to reexamine the taxonomic status. O. malacophyllus collected at Chungdong-Jin was significantly differ from the same species from Gampo in pollen and morphological characters.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2003

Histology and ultrastructure of the gill in the granular ark, Tegillarca granosa are described using light and transmission electron microscopy. The gill of the clam have typical structure of the filibranch type. The gill filament have several band of lateral and apical cilia. The epithelial layer surrounding the hemolymph sinus is simple and consists of epithelial cells, ciliated cells and secretory cells. The epithelial cells are usually squamous and covered with microvilli. The ciliated cells are usually columnar and can be divided into two types (A and B). Type A cells are more abundance and have lower electron density than B cells. Ultrastructure of the cilia showed that '9+2' microtubular structure of the axial filament and '$2{\times}9$' proximal centriole structure in the cross section. Secretory cells are mainly observed in the apical region of the filament and can be divided into three types of A, B and C with morphological features of the secretory granules. Type A cells of oval shaped are more abundance than other secretory cells and contains numerous secretory granules of low electron dense. Type B cells contains secretory granules of membrane-bounded and high electron dense. Secretory granules of type C cells are elliptical and fine granules surrounding the homogeneous core materials.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.855-858
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 흰쥐의 궁둥신경의 손상을 준 뒤 달리기운동을 시켜 운동이 근육재생에 효과가 있는지를 밝힐 목적으로 시행하였다. 수컷 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 궁둥신경을 압궤손상을 준후, 하루 60분 씩 주 5회 운동을 시켰다. 궁둥신경 압궤손상 후 12일(5일간 운동), 19일(10일간 운동), 26일(15일간 운동), 33일(20일간 운동 및 61일(40일간 운동)에 흰쥐를 희생시켜 장딴지근육을 절취하여 냉동절편을 만들었으며 중간세사인 desmin과 vimentin에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색방법을 시행하였고 NADH-TR을 이용한 효소조직화학적 방법으로 뼈대근육의 변성 등을 관찰하였다. 중간세사단백 중 desmin은 근육섬유의 변성 및 재생과정 모두에서 발현되며 vimentin은 재생과정에서만 발현되었다. 대조군보다 실험군에서 desmin과 vimentin의 면역 반응성이 높았고, 실험군의 근육섬유들은 손상 후 61일째에 횡단면에서 각을 갖고 있어 정상 근육섬유임을 입증해 주었으나 대조군의 근육섬유는 정상으로 회복되지 않은 둥근 근육섬유가 관찰되었다. 19일째의 NADH-TR반응에서 대조군에서는 근육 섬유형 군집(fiber type grouping)으로 인해 diformazan 과립이 뭉쳐져 있음을 볼 수 있으나 실험군에서는 점점 diformazan 과립이 고르게 분포됨을 볼 수 있었다. 재신경지배가 일어 날 때 나타나는 표적근육섬유(target fiber)는 NADH-TR반응에서 26일 실험군의 일부 근육섬유에서 처음으로 관찰되었다. 61일째 NADH-TR반응에서 대조군은 아직도 diformazan 과립이 근육섬유성 군집을 보였으나 실험군에서는 정상군과 다름없는 염색성이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 흰쥐 궁둥신경 압궤손상 후 트레드밀 달리기 운동이 흰쥐 다리 뼈대근육의 중간세사발현에 효과가 있다고 생각된다.