• Applied Microscopy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1981

An electron microscopical observation was carried out to compare the general shape of the mast cells and structures of granules inside the cells in the stomach of 5 species in 3 orders of Mammals. In convenience, the granules in the cytoplasm were abbreviated as follows: 1) Homogeneous granule, GR1 2) Particulate granule, GR2 a. Dark dense particulate granule, GR2-1 b. Less dense particulate granule, GR2-2 3) Reticular granule, GR5 a. Dark dense reticular granule, GR5-1 b. Light dense reticular granule, GR5-2 In Mammalia including goat, dog, cat, and hamster, most of cytoplasmic organelle were Golgi apparatus and mitochondria, and most of the cytoplasmic granules were highly densed GR1and GR2. However GR5-1 and GR5-2 appeared in guinea pig while one side sunken or crescent-like types occured in both dog and guinea pig. All mast cells were oval or spindle with cytoplasmic processes around the cell. There was also found vacuoles and vesicles in these cells. These results demonstrated that there was a morphological difference between species of vertebrate in the mast cells and their cytoplasmic granules. It was also suggested that a variety of structures of granules were closely related with the composition (histamine, heparin, serotonin, hyaluronic acid etc.) and mature of the granules.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.197-202
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• 2017

Three-dimensional melanin granules of mummy's hair analyzed using high voltage electron microscopy at 1250kV. The melanin granules in the cortex of mummy's hair located in close proximity to the outer of cortex in the adjacent place of the cuticles. A lot of melanin granule performed in this area. It is a distinguished difference from modern human. While it rotated up to 60 degree counter-clockwise and taken a photo per one degree using high voltage electron microscopy. The melanin granule displayed with long elliptical and variable at the size. The size of granule is measured from $0.3{\sim}0.6{\mu}m$ in minimum diameter and $0.5{\sim}1{\mu}m$ in maximum diameter. Conclusionally, high voltage electron microscope has higher resolution and penetration power than conventional transmission electron microscope that could be load biological thick specimen.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to prepare the granule using protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill. Moisture content was the highest in granule formed with dextrin(DE=9). Sugar content of granule in relation to the forming agent was the highest in granule formed with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. pH and protein content were not affected by the forming agent. L and b values were high in granules formed with dextrin(DE=9) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, respectively. Solubility of granule formed with dextrin(DE=23) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin was higher than that of formed with dextrin(DE=9), while there was no significant difference between dextrin(DE=23) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. Rate of water absorption was the highest in granule formed with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, while the lowest in granule formed with dextrin(DE=9). Overall acceptance of three granules were acceptable in granule formed with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2001

큰가리비는 자웅이체이다. 난환형성과정은 난모세포의 발달정도에 다라 다르게 나타나고 있다. 난자형성과정은 난원세포기, 전난황형성난모세포기, 초기난황형성난모세포기, 후기난황형성난모세포기, 성숙난모세포기의 연속적인 5단계의 과정으로 나눌 수 있었다. 전난황형성기 난모세포질 내에서는 핵주변 구역에 골지장치와 수많은 공포들 및 미토콘드리아들이 출현하고 있는데 이들은 차후, 지방적 형성에 관여한다. 난황형성전기난모세포(previtellogenic oocyte)에서는 지방적 및 지질과립들이 핵막 근처에서 출현하여 피질층쪽으로 분산되는 반면, 같은 발달 단계의 난모세포질의 피질구역에서는 피질과립들(단백질성 난황과립)이 처음으로 생성되어 난황막 근처의 피질층에서 핵주변 구역쪽으로 분산.분포된다. 난황형성후기 난모세포에서는 세포질 내의 골지장치, 공포, 미토콘드리아, 그리고 조면소포체들이 자율합성에 의해 난황과립 형성에 관여하고 있다. 반면 외인성 물질들인 지질형태의 과립들, 다량의 글리코겐 입자들이 생식상피 내에서 출현하고 있는데. 이들 물질이 생식상피에서 난황막 구조물인 미세융모를 통해 난황형성 후기 난모세포의 날질 내로 통과해 들어가는 현상이 관찰되었다. 이와같은 현상은 난황형성이 일어날 때에 heterosynthesis가 일어나고 있음을 시사한다. 완숙난모세포의 난경은 약 50~60$\mu\textrm{m}$이다. 정자형성과정은 정원세포기, 제1차정모세포기, 제2차정모세포기, 정세포기, 정자기의 연속적인 5단계로 나눌수 있었다. 정셍포기에서 정자로 변태되는 과정 중에 침체의 분화과정이 있는데 이에는 1. Golgi phase, 2. Cap phase 3. acrosome phase, 4. maturation phase의 단계를 거쳐 첨체가 완성된다. 정자는 원시적 형태를 이루고 있으며 4개의 미토콘드리아가 부핵을 형성하고 있다. 완숙정자 두부의 길이는 대략 $3 \mu$m 이며, 미부의 길이는 약 $30 \mu$m정도이다. 정자 미부편모의 axoneme은 중앙의 2개의 미세소관(microtubule)과 주변에 위치한 9개의 2중 미세소구관(microtublue)으로 이루어져 있다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2019

유전체 전장 연관분석 (GWAS)은 단일염기다형성(SNP)의 유전자형과 표현형 간의 통계적인 연관성을 분석함으로써 품종 선발용 SNP Marker 개발에 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Tano Red와 Ruby seedless 교배실생 278 계통을 대상으로 여러 과실 특성에 따른 관련 SNP를 동정함으로써 육종 선발에 필요한 DNA marker 개발에 필요한 기초 유전 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 한 계통 당 5~10개의 포도알을 선택하여 과립중, 과육탄성, 과피탄성, 과육경도, 과피경도, 과립당 종자갯수, 과립당 종자무게 및 인장강도를 측정하였다. 각 개체는 Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) 방법으로 Sequencing하여 Reference genome (Vitis vinifera PN40024 12X v2.)과 mapping 하였다. MAF (Minor allele frequency) >5%, Missing Data <30% 의 조건을 가진 SNPs 만 1차 선발하여 TASSEL과 GAPIT 프로그램으로 GWAS 분석을 하였다. Manhattan plot 결과 과립중 형질에서는 33개, 과립당 종자무게 25개와 인장강도에서는 20개의 통계학적으로 유의한 SNPs 가 선발되었고, 특이적으로 이들 모두 18번 염색체에서 발견되었다. 그러나 나머지 형질에서는 유의한 차이를 보이는 SNPs를 선발하지 못하였다. 과실의 인장강도는 수확 후 저장성과 유통과정에 영향을 미치기 때문에 Marker 개발을 통한 품종선별이 중요하다. 향후 이러한 특성과 본 연구를 통해 동정된 SNPs 의 상관관계를 구체적으로 연구하여 Marker 개발에 활용하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2015

Viscous fermented red ginseng extracts were dried and coated using a fluidized bed coater to increase convenience and consumer acceptance. The methods for making spherical granules of fermented red ginseng extracts with increasing convenience were established by using indigestible dextrin. Spherical granules of fermented red ginseng extracts with increasing convenience were made by mixing indigestible dextrin at 40% (40% IDD), 50% (50% IDD), and 60% (60% IDD) versus the soluble solid content of fermented red ginseng extracts. Spherical granules of fermented red ginseng extracts showed less angle of repose than powder of fermented red ginseng extracts. This means that spherical granules of fermented red ginseng extracts had good fluency with increased convenience. The more indigestible dextrin showed higher yields. Although 50% IDD showed less yield than 60% IDD, 50% IDD was the best mixing ratio for making spherical granules of fermented red ginseng extracts, as fermented red ginseng extracts is known as a healthy food. The optimized operation conditions of the fluidized bed coater for making 50% IDD were feeding rate 0.54 mL/min, atomization air pressure 2.15 bar, and product temperature $83.03^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2007

In this research we diagnosed the actual status of the 7th National science elective curriculum and suggested a way to select and organize the content of the new science elective curriculum. The first science education reform was grounded in the structuralism where the structure of discipline was valued above everything else. On the other hand, the second science education reform suggested alternative interpretations of students' opportunity to learn, putting a brake on the structuralist thinking. According to the survey result, the majority of the science elective courses are in need for revision because the contents are overcrowded, too difficult in light of students' learning readiness, failed to draw students' interest in science, and are overlapped and repeated among the 10th grade science, high school science I and II. In particular, Earth Science II and physics II are the most unfavorable courses among students. Thus, we recommended a fundamental change be made in the new curriculum in addition to the optimization of the content. In this paper, we suggested 'topic-centered content organization' for the science elective course I, i.e., Physics I, Chemistry I, Biology I and Earth Science I that is designed for both science track and non-science track students. Since curriculum provides students with an 'opportunity to learn', a curriculum study should focus on what the 'opportunity to learn' is that students ought to be offered. Based on the result of this study, we recommended one way to select and organize the content of high school elective curriculum.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1992

The endosperm protein, vicilin, of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitaion, gel permeation and ion exchange column chromatography. Vicilin is a glycoprotein composed of 2 subunits with molecular masses of 55,000 (large subunit) and 44,000 (small subunit). The anti-vicilin antibody was raised in rabbit, and purified by DEAE Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography. The endosperm cells of the seed were reacted with this anti-vicilin antibody and colloidal gold conjugated secondary antibody. Gold particles were labelled on the elaborating granules of Golgi complex, electron-dense granules and protein bodies in the endosperm cells. These results indicated that the vicilin, which was synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to Golgi, was elaborated in saccules of the Golgi and then transported into protein bodies by electron-dense granules.anules.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1973

The morphological changes of the enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal mucosae of Rana amurensis were observed during pre-hibernating, hibernating, post-hibernating and active period. The results of the observation are as follow: 1. The relative values of the enterochromaffin cell numbers in the pre-hibernating, hibernating and post-hibernating groups as compared with the active group are 1.50, 0.36 and 0.90, respectively. 2. In active and pre-hibernating groups, the enterochromaffin cells are large and middle-amount granulated cells and the sparse granulated cells increase significantly during hibernating and post-hibernating periods. 3. It is concluded that the morphological changes of enterochromaffin cells are due to lowered metabolic acitvities especially lowered endocrine activity during hibernation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.206-211
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• 2020

Tungsten alloys are used widely in general industrial fields, but they are difficult to cast, so products are manufactured using powder metallurgy. In this study, a mixed powder of tungsten, nickel, and iron homogenized using a ball mill was added to pure water as a solvent, and PVA as a binder was added to prepare a spray drying mixture. The mixed liquid was prepared using a spraying machine. A study was carried out to produce a granular powder that can reduce the variations between products during the molding and sintering process of the powder metallurgy method. A preliminary experiment was conducted to confirm the influence of the variables in the granulation process. Through the preliminary test results, this experiment was performed with the volume of solvent of the spray drying the mixture as an independent variable, and granular powder having a mean particle size similar to that of the existing mass-production conditions and an increased apparent density was prepared. In addition, a pilot test was conducted for the molding and sintering process. The improved granular powder reduced the characteristic variation (weight variation) of the mass-produced product.