• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.497-497
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• 1997

간질성폐질변(間質性肺疾變)은 결체조직질병(結締組織疾病)의 상견(常見)되는 병발증(倂發證)이지만, 지금까지는 이상적(理想的)인 치료법(治療法)이 없었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 본병(本病)의 병리기전(病理機轉)이 중의(中醫)에서의 "어혈(瘀血)"증(證) 상호(相互) 유사(類似)한 것으로부터 시작(始作)하여, 중의(中醫)의 "활혈화어법(活血化瘀法)"과 결합(結合)하여 치료(治療)하면서 환자(患者)의 폐기능(肺氣能) 검사결과(檢査結果)의 변화(變化)를 추적(追跡)해, 그 치료효과(治療效果)에 대(對)한 평가(評價)를 내리는 작업(作業)으로 이루어졌다. 먼저 풍습과(風濕科)에 의뢰(依賴)하여 결체조직질병(結締組織疾病)에 간질성폐병(間質性肺病)이 병발(倂發)한 환자(患者)를 선별(選別)한 후(後)에, 서의치료(西醫治療) 통(通)해서 그 원발성(原發性) 질병(疾病)이 은정(隱靜)한 상태(狀態)에까지 이르도록 한 후(後), 필요(必要)한 최저량(最低量)의 서의약(西醫藥)만을 유지(維持)케 하였다. 환자(患者)의 의사(意舍)에 따라서 두 개의 조(組)로 나누어, 실험군(實驗群)은 중의(中醫)에서 회진(會診)하고, Raynaud 증후군(症候群)의 유무(有無)에 따라서, 당귀사역탕(當歸四逆湯) 혹(或)은 혈부축어탕(血府逐瘀湯)을 농축분제(濃縮粉劑)로 투여(投與)하며 연속(連續)하여 6개월간(個月間) 치료(治療)하였다. 대조군(對照群)의 경우(境遇)에는 중의(中醫)가 회진(會診)하지 않았다. 14개월(個月)동안 모두 실험군(實驗群) 23례(例)와 대조군(對照群) 16례(例)를 대상(對象)으로 연구(硏究)를 하였는데, 모두 여성환자(女性患者)였다. 압축성폐용량(壓軸性肺用量)(FVC), 폐총용량(肺總用量)(TCL), carbon monoxide에 대(對)한 폐(肺)의 확산능력(擴散能力)(DLCO), 그리고 폐포공기량(肺泡空氣量)(VA)에 대(對) DCLO의 비(比)를 지표(指標)로 삼아, 폐기능(肺氣能)의 손상정도(損傷程度)에 따라서 box plot으로 분석(分析)하고, 폐기능(肺氣能)의 손상(損傷)을 측정(測定)하는 시스템을 만들었다. 실험결과(實驗結果), 실험군(實驗群)이 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)해서 치료(治療) 전(前)보다 명현(明顯)한 개선(改善)이 있었다. 폐기능(肺氣能)을 검사(檢査)한 수치(數値)들을 일반적(一般的)으로 통계처리(統計處理)한 것을 응용(應用)하고, TCL과 FVC의 모형식(模型式)을 만든 결과(結果), 실험군(實驗群)에서 FVC가 치료과정(治療過程)의 기간(其間)과 정비례(正比例)하여 향상(向上)되고, 또한 치료효과(治療效果)가 명현(明顯)하게 나타나기 시작(始作)하는 시기(時期)가 중의(中醫) 치료과정(治療過程)을 거친 실험군(實驗群)의 제(第)12개(個)에서 DLCO와 DLCO/VA의 향상(向上)이 나타나는 시기(時期)와 거의 일치(一致)하는 것을 발견(發見)하였다.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.32-32
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• 1991

성대의 점막하 조직의 부종을 특징으로 하는 폴립양 성대는 음성의 남용 및 상기도에 대한 다양한 자극 요인들에 의하여 발생된다고 보고되어 있으며, 현재까지 부종의 기전 및 병태에 대하여도 혈괴의 유리화 현상(hyalinization), 또는 단순한 혈관의 투과력 증대 등의 논란이 많은 실정에 있어 치료방법 역시 학자에 따라 견해를 달리하고 있다. 이에 저자들은 폴립양 성대의 치료에 도움을 얻고자 최근 5년간 본 교실에서 경험한 폴립양 성대 34례(남자 18예, 여자 16예, 평균연령 53.7세)에 대한 임상 소견 및 저자들의 치료 성적을 분석 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 측별로는 총 34예중 양측 23예(67.6%), 편측 11예(32.4%)이었다. 2. 동반질환으로 성대에 타 질환이 있었던 예가 9예(후두용 5예, 과각화증 3예, 성대마비 1예 ; 26.5%), 수면무호흡증 5예(14.7 %)이었으며 전신질환이 있었던 예가 4예(기관지 천식 2예, 폐결핵 2예 ; 11.8%)이었다. 3. 유발요인으로는 음성남용 7예(20.6%), 상기도감염 3예(8.8%), 흡연 26 예 (76.5%)이었다. 4. 공기역학검사 및 청각심리검사가 가능하였던 14예에서 최대발성지속시간이 정상이하이었던 예가 10예(71.4%), 발성율이 정상이상이었던 예가 9예 (64.3%)이었으며, 애성의 특징도 조호성(rough)이 10예(71.4%)로 가장 많았다. 5. 총 34예를 sucking technique를 적용하여 수술적 치료를 하였는데 음성이 호전된 경우는 32예(정상 15예, 호전 17예 : 94.1%)이었으며 호전되는데 걸린 평균 기간은 2.8개월이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 폴립양 성대는 국소 또는 전신적으로 동반질환이 많고 흡연 등의 만성 자극 요인이 있으며 술후 음성 호전에 걸리는 기간이 길어 보다 복합적인 측면에서 치료에 임하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. with such configuration.trap with 2.88[eV] deep of injected space charge from the chathode in the crystaline regions. The origin of ${\alpha}$$_2$ peak was regarded as the detrapping process of ions trapped with 0.9[eV] deep originated from impurity-ion remained in the specimen during production process of the material, in the crystalline regions. The origin of ${\beta}$ peak was concluded to be due to the depolarization process of "C=0"dipole with the activation energy of 0.75[eV] in the amorphous regions. The origin of ${\gamma}$ peak was responsible to the process combined with the depolarization of "CH$_3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2007

$TiO_2$-containing pitch fibers were prepared and various stabilization variables were investigated by characterizations of the fibers and behaviors of $TiO_2$ particles in the optimum stabilization conditions. When pitch fiber was stabilized by air at the optimum condition, the fiber weight increased as an increase of the stabilization temperature and a decrease of $TiO_2$ concentration. The carbonization yield was 71~82 wt.%, showing a decrease of the yield with the $TiO_2$ increase caused by the catalytic activity of $TiO_2$ to combustion. During the stabilization, newly developed carbonyl and carboxyl groups were introduced on the fiber surface and cross-linking reactions were progressed resulting the thermosetting property, which was verified by the replacement of hydrogen with oxygen. Pore size of the activated carbon fiber was increased by an increase in $TiO_2$ concentration. In the considerations of the aggregation behaviors of the $TiO_2$ particles, the optimum stabilization conditions of 0.5 wt.% $TiO_2$ containing petroleum-based pitch fiber were suggested as $280^{\circ}C$, 3 hr.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

The possibility of a transmission noise reduction of piezoelectric smart panels using piezoelectric shunt damping is experimentally studied. Piezoelectric smart panel is basically a plate structure on which piezoelectric patch with shunt circuits is mounted and sound absorbing materials are bonded on the surface of the structure. Sound absorbing materials can absorb the sound transmitted at mid frequency region effectively while the use of piezoelectric shunt damping can reduce the transmission at resonance frequencies of the panel structure. To be able to reduce the sound transmission at low panel resonances, piezoelectric damping using the measured electrical impedance model is adopted. Resonant shunt circuit for piezoelectric shunt damping is composed of register and inductor in series, and they are determined by maximizing the dissipated energy throughout the circuit. The transmitted noise reduction performance of smart panels is investigated using an acoustic tunnel. The tunnel is a tube with square crosses section and a loud-speaker is mounted at one side of the tube as a sound source. Panels are mounted in the middle of the tunnel and the transmitted sound pressure across panels is measured. Noise reduction performance of a smart panels possessing absorbing material and/or air gap shows a good result at mid frequency region but little effect in the resonance frequency. By enabling the piezoelectric shunt damping, noise reduction of 10dB, 8dB is achieved at the resonance frequencise as well. Piezoelectric smart panels incorporating passive method and piezoelectric shunt damping are a promising technology for noise reduction in a broadband frequency.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Geophysical survey for establishing a wide site for the distribution of water content, wetting front infiltration due to the rainfall, and distribution of groundwater level has been performed by using 8round penetration radar (GPR) method, electrical resistivity method, and so on. On the other hand, a narrow area survey was performed to use a permittivity method such as time domain reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometry, and amplitude domain reflectometry methods for estimating volumetric water content, soil density, and concentration of contaminant in surface and subsurface. The permittivity methods establish more corrective physical parameters than different found survey technologies mentioned above. In this study for establishment of infiltration behaviors for wetting front in the unsaturated soil caused by an artificial rainfall, soil physical parameters for volumetric water content, pore water pressure, and pore air pressure were measured by FDR measurement device and pore water pressure meter which are installed in the unsaturated weathered granite soil with different depths. Consequently, the authors were proposed to a new establishment method for analyzing the variations of volumetric water content and wetting front infiltration from the responses of infiltrating pore water in the unsaturated soil.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

In the current concrete structure of the highway is still the major problem most of concrete deterioration caused by the freeze-thaw and deicing salt, which is of issues that are not completely resolved. In particular, a single freezing event does not cause much harm, durability of concrete under multi-deterioration environment by repeated freeze-thaw and deicing salt is rapidly degraded and reduce its service life. In this study, the exposure environmental condition according the regional highway points were established. The damage condition and chloride content of the concrete at general and severe environmental exposure condition were also investigated. In addition, the experimental test of chloride ion permeability, scaling resistant and freeze-thaw resistance were carried out to improve the durability of the mechanical placing concrete of subsidiary structure. According to the results of this study, in observation of concrete surface condition, the concrete exposed by severe environmental condition showed broad ranges of damage with high chloride contents. Meanwhile, the water-binder(W/B) ratio and the less water content, and fly ash concrete than the specified existing mix proportion is significantly improved the durability. Also, the optimal mix proportion derived for test is satisfied the strength and air contents, water-binder ratio, and durability criteria of concrete specifications, as well as service life seems greatly improved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

Background: Medical treatment of multiple drug resistant(MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis has been quite unsuccessful. We analyzed our experience to identify the benefits and complications of the pulmonary resection in MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Method: A retrospective review was performed in 27 patients who unerwent pulmonary resection for MDR pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1994 and March 1998. Mean age was 40 years and the average history of diagnosis prior to surgery was 3.1 years. All had resistance to an average of 4.4 drugs, and received second line drugs selected according to the drug sensitivity test. Most patients (93%) had cavitary lesions as the main focus. Bilateral lesions were identified in 19 patients (70%), however, the main focus was recognized in one side of the lung. Eleven patients (41%) were converted to negative sputum smear and/or culture before surgery. Result: Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 patients, lobectomy in 16 and segmentectomy in 2. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity had occurred in 7 patients (26%), prolonged air leak in 3 patients, reoperation due to bleeding in 2, bronchopleural fistula in 1, and reversible neurologic defect in 1. Median follow up period was 15 months (3-45 months). Sputum negative conversion was initially achieved in 22 patients (82%), and with continuous postopertive chemotherapy negative conversion was achieved in other 4 patients (14%). Only one pneumonectized patient (4%) failed due to considerable contralateral cavity. Conclusion: For patients with localized MDR pulmonary tuberculosis and with adequate pulmonary reserve function, surgical pulmonary resection combined with appropriate pre and postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy can achieve high success rate with acceptable morbidity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2002

In order to observe the bioactivity of ovariectomized rats, nonovariertoized (sham) group, ovariectomized (Ovx) group, ovariectomized ginseng total saponin (GTS)-treated (Ovx+ GTS) group and ovariectomized ginseng water extract (GW)-treated (Ovx+CW) group were made. We measured AST (L-aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (L-alanin aminotransferase) in sera, and MDA (malondialdehyde:lipid peroxidation), SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, total-glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver tissue total homogenates of rat. AST activity of serum in Ovx group was 2.11 times increased, but ALT activity was not changed compared to Sham group. In AST activity, they tend to decrease significantly in each substance such as GTS and GW administered group. Lipidperoxides of each fraction in Ovx group were highly increased compared to Sham group. Extracts of ginseng-treated group markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 62% ∼72%. And as the result of the measurements of SOD, catalase, total-glutathione and GPx which are antioxidant enzyme, antioxidant enzymes in Ovx group much lower than in Sham group. But they were significantly increased in each substance such as GTS and GW, administered group. Based on the results, it is supposed that more produced free radicals decreased antioxidant enzyme. And it is also thought that extracts of ginseng can inhibit aging by reducing antioxidant enzyme.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2017

Objectives: Radon and its progeny pose environmental risks as a carcinogen, especially to the lungs. Investigating factors affecting indoor radon concentrations and models thereof are needed to prevent exposure to radon and to reduce indoor radon concentrations. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting indoor radon concentration and to construct a comprehensive model thereof. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to obtain data on residential environments, including building materials and life style. Decision tree and structural equation modeling were applied to predict residences at risk for higher radon concentrations and to develop the comprehensive model. Results: Greenery ratio, impermeable layer ratio, residence at ground level, daily ventilation, long-term heating, crack around the measuring device, and bedroom were significantly shown to be predictive factors of higher indoor radon concentrations. Daily ventilation reduced the probability of homes having indoor radon concentrations ${\geq}200Bq/m^3$ by 11.6%. Meanwhile, a greenery ratio ${\geq}65%$ without daily ventilation increased this probability by 15.3% compared to daily ventilation. The constructed model indicated greenery ratio and ventilation rate directly affecting indoor radon concentrations. Conclusions: Our model highlights the combined influences of geographical properties, groundwater, and lifestyle factors of an individual resident on indoor radon concentrations in Korea.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2021

In this study, we have prepared pure planar-type ZnO and calamine powder containing both ZnO and Fe₂O₃ components as a raw material for cosmetics with UV and blue band blocking functions. The planar-type ZnO ceramic powder having a high aspect ratio in the range of 20:1 to 50:1 was synthesized by precipitation method in a zinc acetate and sodium citrate mixed solution with the electrolyte obtained by power generation with a zinc-air battery. The content of Fe₂O₃ in the artificial calamine ceramic powder could be increased by increasing the amount of iron chloride solution added, and in this case, some of the blue region of visible light and ultraviolet light were remarkably absorbed. When potassium acetate was added, the decomposition of the Zn(OH)₄^2- anion in the solution was promoted to facilitate the growth of ZnO crystal in the form of a barrier wall in the vertical direction on the (0001) plane, which could increase UV absorption by providing more opportunities. By controlling the amount of iron chloride solution and potassium acetate solution added, the composition and shape of the thin film plate-shaped artificial calamine ceramic powder can be optimized, and when applied to cosmetic formulations, the light transmittance of the blue region can be greatly reduced.