• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1535-1544
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitation management practices in food manufacturing companies that supply food and food ingredients to school foodservice operations. Subjects consisted of 34 food manufacturing factories located in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. Sanitation performance was self-evaluated using a Likert 5-point scale. The total mean score for factory sanitation performance was 4.72. Scores for perceived sanitation management performance in the factories were as follows: management of material (4.90); personal hygiene (4.78); management of work (4.71); management of workplace and vicinity (4.68); and food and raw material transportation (4.67). Participating companies that had HACCP certification programs scored high on the following sanitation inspection items: washing and sanitation guides, adequate equipment for correct hand washing, and sanitation of raw material delivery vans. The mean frequency for employee sanitation education was 2.8 times per month. Factory managers believed that their sanitation management programs kept their food safe and that the food was produced and delivered with a high degree of safety. However, they thought that food sanitation standardization was needed in order to supply high-quality and safe food items. In terms of traceability, 58.8% of the raw materials were traceable and 61.8% of the manufactured products were traceable. Sanitation management performance scores for the participating food manufacturing companies were high, although the soybean sprouts processing companies had comparatively low scores. Management reinforcement of employee sanitation education and a sense of duty and pride among factory employees will promote adequate and appropriate sanitation management performance for food safety and quality in factories that supply food and ingredients to school foodservice operations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.511-521
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to research the effects of the same brand item sold online at different prices. To that end, the exploratory study is focused on four factors that influence price dispersion online is suggested. First, the products are divided into utilitarian products and hedonic products in line with the product concept, and laptops, washing machines are included in the utility concept products. Also the backpacks and sneakers are included in the hedonic concept products. A total of 400 effective objectives were selected and analyzed for each concept products, 200 objectives. The research analysis revealed that the price dispersion is significant relationship with an average price, the highest price, the lowest price, the year of release, the number of retailers, and the number of reviews in case of the utility concept product. On the contrary, in case of hedonic concept products, average price, highest price, lowest price, year of release, retailer, and reviews and ratings is found to be positively related to price dispersion. Based on these results, theoretical and practical implications are discussed about the influence price dispersion on marketing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4191-4197
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• 2014

Value co-creation is an important business strategy these days in both the business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) markets. The aim of this study was to identify specialized resources and competences for value co-creation in the relationship network within a high-tech B2B market. A case of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited (TSMC) with customers and partners was chosen as the study case. Based on the observations, contents analysis of the secondary data and unstructured interviews with former TSMC employees, 4 critical resource types (financial, knowledge, efficiency and intellectual resource) and 6 competence types (relational, collaboration, strategic, innovation, managing and service capability), were performed as the principal factors for value co-creation in the relationship network. A research framework that can analyze the value co-creation phenomena in the relationship network was established.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.51-55
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• 2019

기업신용평가(ICR : Issuer Credit Rating)는 기업의 금융상 채무에 대한 전반적인 적기 상환능력, 즉 채무불이행의 가능성을 평가한 것으로 오로지 금융상 채무에 대한 전반적인 채무상환능력을 평가한다. 최근에는 신용평가 등급이 금융시장과의 효과적인 의사소통수단으로 인식되고 기업 IR 및 홍보차원과 기업 간 물품공급과 납품을 위한 업체 선정시 신용등급이 적극적이고 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 이러한 기업신용평가는 최근 경제환경의 급속한 변화에 대응하여 기관별로 평가시스템을 자주 개선하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정책금융기관 별로 변화된 평가시스템에 대한 평가지표나 구조, 평가시스템을 비교 분석해 그 차이점과 공통점 그리고 경제환경 변화에 따라 변화된 주요지표를 파악해 보고 미래의 신용평가시스템의 변화와 개선방안에 대해 생각하였다. 기관별 비교에서 평가시스템의 차이점은 신보는 신용평가(부실률 기반)와 미래성장성평가(성장성 기반)를 실시하여 보증심사등급(보증의사결정 등급)을 산출하고, 기술자산평가등급은 신용평가등급을 조정(최대 ${\pm}2$등급)하는 보조적 수단으로 활용하고 있으며, 기보는 기술평가(성장성 및 부실률 기반)와 리스크관리용 리스크평가(신보의 신용평가에 해당)로 평가체계를 이원화하여 운영하고, 평가모형은 신보는 객관성을 확보한 정량평가 위주, 기보는 공신력을 확보한 정성평가 위주의 주관적인 평가를 실시하고 있어 어떤 형태의 평가시스템이 더 좋은 평가방법 인지는 알 수 없지만, 기관별 부실율을 보면 다소 참고가 될 수도 있으나, 이것이 전적인 평가의 문제라 보기도 어렵다. 특히 신보는 창업기업 기준이 창업후 7년까지로 확대됨에 따른 창업 3단계 평가제도와 기업의 성장단계에 맞춘 성장단계별 평가기준 세분화는 기업환경을 잘 반영한 변화라 볼 수 있다. 그리고 향후 평가시스템은 경제환경의 변화속도를 어떻게 잘 반영 할 수 있는지에 대한 연구로 방향이 전개될 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to theoretically examine the current status of TV home shopping business entities' expansion of business structure, and then look into TV home shopping business entities' preparation for the future business in their mature period. For this, the investigator examined literature home and abroad and then empirically carried out an experimental sale of household goods by selecting a model TV home shopping business entity. In order to understand current business structure of TV home shopping and increase sales, the investigator has changed price and then induced sales, focusing on the price of household goods. Study findings are as follows: As for the influence of TV home shopping household goods' price upon its sales, because TV home shopping business entities set in advance an efficiency unit-price per broadcast hour and carry out a sales strategy of reaching out the efficiency, they try to keep their sales with discounted price in the real sales setting of TV home shopping. But it is not an exclusive practice. General promotion became a common practice. The price of goods is the same with its life. Continuous discount events lower the reliability of goods and its supplier must bear the result. Overall sales after experiment increases by 13% and the sales efficiency also increases by 9%. Sales amount increases by 9% and a stable sales which is above average is achieved. The number of sales goods keeps 100%.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.450-453
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 그룹별 가변 길이 직교코드 다중화를 이용한 OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 전송방식의 제안하고, 그룹별로 동일한 부반송파 개수를 가정하여 코드 길이에 따른 시스템 성능과 복잡도를 분석함으로써 최적의 시스템 파라미터들을 결정한다. 제안된 방식에서는 상호 상관성이 낮은 부반송파들로 동일 반송파 그룹으로 구분함으로써 부반송파 전체를 다수의 부반송파 그룹으로 나누고, 그룹마다 부반송파 개수와 동일한 길이의 직교코드들을 사용하여 다중화하여 전송한다. 따라서, 제안된 시스템을 사용하면 적절한 시스템 파라미터의 선정을 통하여 부반송파 전체를 하나의 그룹으로 하는 기존의 직교코드 다중화 방식에[2] 비하여 다이버시티 이득은 유지하면서 시스템 복잡도를 크게 줄일 수 있다. 또한, 제안된 직교코드 다중화 전송방식에서는 수신기에서 직교코드들간의 직교성 복원이 필수적이며, 수신기에서 불완전한 채널등화는 인접한 직교코드들 간에 상호 간섭을 유발하는 요인이 된다. 따라서, 채널추정 오류의 정도가 증가함에 따라 직교코드들 간의 상호 간섭으로 인하여 증가하는 비트오류를 줄이기 위하여 채널추정 오류의 정도에 따라 블록길이와 블록 인터리버 구조를 조절하여 시스템을 최적화 한다. 가변 길이 직교코드로는 길이에 상관 없이 직교성을 유지하며 에너지의 균등 분배가 가능한 DFT (discrete Fourier transform) 코드를 사용한다. 최적 시스템 파라미터를 결정하기 위하여 모의실험을 통하여 코드 길이에 따른 시스템 성능을 분석한다. 또한, 채널추정 오류가 존재하는 경우에 시스템 성능을 분석한다. 마지막으로, 채널 부호화를 적용하는 경우에 시스템 파라미터들을 최적화함으로써 부호화 이득이 시스템 성능과 시스템 복잡도 감소, 채널추정 오류의 극복에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. nature, in contrast to physical theories that are of a geometrical nature. An application to the interpretation of intelligence is proposed, based on the "intelligence"of movement. Co layer from 1.4 to 1.6 nm was measured to be ranged from 0.004 to 0.021 ${\AA}$$\^$-1/.문에 기업간 관계를 연구하는 측면에서는 탐험적 연구성격이 강하다. 더 나아가 본 산업의 주된 연구가 질적이고 기업내부만을 연구했던 것에 비교하면 시초적이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 관계마케팅, CRM 등의 이론적 배경이 되고 있는 신뢰와 결속의 중요성이 재확인하는 결과도 의의라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 신뢰는 양사 간의 상호관계에서 조성될 수 있는 특성을 가진 반면, 결속은 계약관계 초기단계에서 성문화하고 규정화 할 수 있는 변수의 성격이 강하다고 할 수가 있다. 본 연구는 복잡한 기업간 관계를 지나치게 협력적 측면에서만 규명했기 때문에 많은 측면을 간과할 가능성이 있다. 또한 방법론적으로 일방향의 시각만을 고려했고, 횡단적 조사를 통하고 국내의 한 서비스제공업체와 관련이 있는 컨텐츠 공급파트너만의 시각을 검증했기 때문에 해석에서 유의할 필요가 있다. 또한 타당성확보 노력을 기하였지만 측정도구 면에서 엄격한 개발과정을 준수하지는 못했다. 향후에는 모바일 컨텐츠 파트너의 기업의 특성을 조사하여 관계성 변수와의 상호관련연구를 진행할 필요가 있다. 관계기간, 의존성, 거래처의 단/복수여부, 서비스 범주 등의 제반 변수를 고려하여 이러한 변수가 양사와의 관계성 변수에 어떤 영향이 있는가를 검증할 필요가 있다. 또한 신뢰,

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.226-239
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems related to the purchasing processes of school foodservices that should be corrected for the food service safety, by examining the purchasing processes and the status of supplier selection. A questionnaire was given to 300 dietitians working at self-operated food services. Ninety-eight responses, excluding incomplete answers, were used for the statistical analysis. The survey consisted of three parts: the general characteristics of the school foodservice and dietitian, purchasing processes and supplier selection, and the purchase specifications. We found that 84% of the contract was made by informal purchasing, and the contract period was 6 months or one year. For supplier selection, problems related to the document screening systems were the superficiality of the content(45.7%) and the absence or lack of clarity of the appraisal criteria(34.8%). The important factors for the facility and equipment standards of suppliers were included unclear evaluation methods for content(41.1%) and inappropriate appraisal lists(21.1%), while unclear evaluation methods for content(41.9%) and absence or lack of clarity of the appraisal criteria(20.4%) were the problems pertaining to the supplier evaluation checklist. When using the Food Labeling Standards to select suppliers, confirmation of the sell-by date and the storage method had the highest score at 3.85 out of 5. For supplier selection, only 25% of the contract was made by using the purchase specifications. The levels of satisfaction of with Kimchi and rice cakes suppliers were significantly different according to employment type and educational background, respectively. Depending on working experiences, satisfaction was significantly different for the use of document screening, as a standard for the selection and management of suppliers, and for the facility and equipment standards of suppliers, The use of purchase specifications was different by employment type, while the use of purchase specifications for contracts was different by working experience. These results imply that the specialization of suppliers is necessary to unsure food safety. Therefore, the objective methods to evaluate the suppliers should be developed by the government, and appropriate education programs for dietitians should be prepared to enhance the utilization of purchase specifications.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.183-206
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest the new strategies for strengthening the competi tiveness of Incheon port. To measure the calling factors and satisfaction of ports, this study developed a list of 24 items using a seven-point Likert scale through the previous literature reviews, pilot test and emerging factors. Factor analysis, regression analysis, one sample T-test, IPA and SPSS were conducted to verify the determinants choosing ports and customer satisfaction. The result of an empirical study revealed that the cargo volume and information system, etc. in Incheon port was evaluated as satisfied factors and berth availability and port charge, etc. as dissatisfied factors. Based on the outcomes of this study, to strengthen the competitiveness of Incheon port, several strategies were advised such as the inducement of North American and European cargo, port infrastructure, dedicated terminal and GTO inducement, hinterland construction, logistics companies inducement and cooperation with neighboring ports.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3087-3099
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• 2018

Due to the constant changes of companies' global networks, the expansion of global e-commerce as well as the market-oriented global supply chain management, global enterprises are strategically selecting and entering into viable countries able to become global footholds. Therefore, this study aims to scrutinize the trend of changes in the global networks of Korean companies by analyzing the current overseas countries over the past decade. From the analysis, it has been found that there is a significant difference in the priorities of targeting countries among shipping, manufacturing and logistics companies. Logistics companies preferred to enter Germany first while they attached to a lower priority to Singapore. Manufacturing companies had a lower priority to advance to India, while they preferred to advance to Mexico; however, shipping companies were analyzed to prefer to enter the US. In addition, all of these companies identified the importance of securing volume and network by entering overseas markets to achieve economies of scale and scope and to maintain global competitiveness. Joint overseas expansion of manufacturers with shipping and logistics companies can be recommended to facilitate the entry and thus, enhance global competitiveness and service capabilities and also secure new growth engines.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 2007

The number of internet users and the scale of electronic on-line trading are on the increase due to the development of information technology and the internet. The aim of this study was to monitor the accuracy of country-of-origin labels and the indicated contents of meat available by electronic on-line trading by using a structural interview sheet for 100 on-line meat product markets. The result of this investigation showed a 100% level of accuracy for business name and telephone number whereas the company address, meat manufacturer and supplier, and business registration were less reliable. We also investigated the accuracy of site policy, e-mail address, and fax number. The results showed that the accuracy of fax numbers was the lowest. The product name and the kind of meat actually in the product showed a 100% level of conformity, while the price (96.3%), place of origin (93.6%), capacity (90.4%), meat parts (80.9%) and contents of the product (73.4%) showed a relatively low level of conformity. Serious safety issues were exposed by the disturbingly low 20.2% accuracy of indicated expiration dates and 5.3% accuracy of indicated manufacturing dates. To ensure food safety, it is essential to improve consumer understanding and trust regarding food safety through continuous public relations. More education and information are needed to raise consumer awareness of the facts versus myths regarding food safety.