• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.415-422
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• 1995

Twenty-four flavones were synthesized with various hydroxyl and/or methoxyl groups on A and B rings. Their antimutagenic properties were evaluated against ben:w(a)pyrene (BaP) and a pool of mutagenic urine concentrate (U) using a modified liquid incubation method of Ames test. The tester strain was Salmonella typhimurium TA98+S9 Mix. The antimutagenic activities were calculated by non linear regression analysis and the doses of flavones (in nmoles) required for a 50% reduction of induced revertants with BaP and U were defined as the inhibition doses (TEX>$ID_{508}{\;}and{\;}ID_{508}$ respectively). Seventeen flavones possessed significant antimutagenic activity against BaP. $ID_{508}$ ranged from 15.1 nmoles (F22) to 1000.6 nmoles (F13). Eighteen f1avones showed significant antimutagenic activity against U. $ID_{50U}$ ranged from 23.5 nmoles (F22) to 354.6 nmoles (F3). The 2',3',4'-trihydroxyflavone (F22, $ID_{508}=15.1$ nmoles, $ID_{50U}=23.5$ nmoles) and the 2',3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone (F20, $ID_{508}=37.8$ nmoles; $ID_{50U}=62.3$ nmoles) had antimutagenic activities similar to those of chlorophyllin ($ID_{508}=19.6$ nmoles and $ID_{50U}=44.2$ nmoles) and were evaluated against B(alP 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. Against this last mutagen, the flavones which included three OH in B ring showed the highest activity and this property seemed independent of the substituent groups on A ring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

This research aims to analyze changes in anion according to locations through changes in the measuring point centering on a single tree. The subject tree was the Zelkova serrata which is most widely used as a landscape tree, and the measurement was conducted for a total of 3 days with summer solstice as the basic date. In consideration of the solar altitude and the location of the Zelkova serrata, a total of 4 measurement points - $T_a$ at the opposite direction of the shadow, $T_b$ in the center of the tree $T_c$ in the center of the shadow, and $T_d$ at the end of the shadow - were established. The mean temperature of the measurement days was the highest at $T_a$ with $28.4^{\circ}C$ and was the lowest at $T_c$, in the center of the shadow with $27.9^{\circ}C$. The relative humidity was the lowest with 42.5% at $T_a$ where the temperature was the highest. The amount of insolation was the highest at $T_a$ with $1,024.6W/m^2$, followed by $T_d(701.48W/m^2$), $T_c$($215.63W/m^2$), and $T_b(227.75W/m^2)$, and the anion was the highest at $T_a$ with $654ea/cm^3$, followed by $T_d$, $T_c$, and $T_b$, with $639.4ea/cm^3$, $615.3ea/cm^3$, $612.3ea/cm^3$, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis proved that anion correlated with the temperature, the amount of insolation, and the relative humidity on the significant level. Of these, the temperature and the amount of insolation had the positive correlation with the correlation coefficients of .687 and .332, respectively, and the significance probability of .000, and .037, respectively. The relative humidity was found to have negative correlation. Its correlation coefficient and the significance probability were -.557, and .000, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 1989

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide(AET) and dextran(Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET- and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell(RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythzocyte-antibody($EA_{Fc}$)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)-rosetting techniques. The results obtained were as follows; The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette ($6.7{\pm}2.4%$) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8% Dex were formed as $37.3{\pm}2.7%$ and $45.1{\pm}2.1%$, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than $66.5{\pm}5.6%$ when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8% Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3~24 hours incubation time at $4^{\circ}C$, EA-and EAC-RFR were $23.3{\pm}9.1%$ and $23.1{\pm}7.9%$, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA- or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 1981

The rationalization for Tunnel Drifting is based on the high productivity which is achievable due to Continuous work with a Jumbo Drill, resulting in a much higher efficiency them the Conventional method of blasting, mucking and supporting services. Large projects of over 4,000m Tunnel Drifting are condidated to justify the use of a Jumbo Drill with a combination of superior explosives, machinery and techniques. During a Tunnel Drifting test, Gulita, Nabit and slurry made by Nitro Nobel were employed with following results. 1, Conditions: a. Granite Rock with Two free face b. Burden (W), 2m c. Diameter of hole, 42mm d. Depth of hole 3.5m e. Hole pitch 0.6m f. Charged Explosive per hole Gelatin Dynamite 4 pieces (112.5${\times}$4ea)+Guuita 5 pieces(110g${\times}$5ea) g. Simal-taneous Detonation h. After the blasting resultant rock size was Less 40% of the 0.3m Lumps. 2. Calculation results W=q/Wn=100cm‥‥‥Burden in simultaneous blasting 0.865kg(7.7ea)/hole ‥‥‥Amount of charge but hole pitch is 1.5W-2W The estimated cost of using a Jumbo Drill for the Construction of a 3,000,000 bbL sub-surface oil storage would be as follows: This calculation is based on the Jumbo Drill advancing 3.6m per blasting cycle. Unit cost/bbL Excavation $3.13 The attached sheet shows ideal Drilling pattern with Burn Cut & Smooth blasting method. In conclusion, it is my opinion that this method will assure safety and save cost and improve our technical know-how.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2018

A new Gentiana spp. cultivar 'Skyhope' was bred by crossing between 'Jinbu-4 line' with violet blue (VB 95B) colored petals and 'Jinbu-1 line' with violet blue (VB 93B) petals in 2000 year. The superior line of '0013-9' was selected in Daegwallyeong from 2001 to 2003 year, and growth and flower characterization were conducted from 2004 to 2007 year in field of Daegwallyeong and Jinbu of Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Namwon, Jeollabuk-do and Jeju Special Self-Governing-do. The flower showed violet blue (VB 96A) color at opening, the petal of flower have not spot and flower stem color was purple. Flowers was opening at the same time from bottom to upside. Plant height was 68.1 cm, and number of flower stems per plant was 5.3 ea., number of flower node per stem is 5.9 ea., and Number of flowers per stem was 32.2 ea.. The flowering of 'Skyhope' cultivar was bloomed from the middle of July in Daegwallyeong and the later of July in Jinbu, Pyeongchang, Kangwon-do and the early of July in Namwon, Jeollabuk-do and the later of July in Jeju Special Self-Governing-do. 'Skyhope' cultivar can be used for cut flower.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.438-445
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• 2016

Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., exhibits neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal diseases. Nevertheless, no study has aimed at finding the neuroactive constituent(s) of CR. In this study, we identified active compounds in a CR extract (CRE) using bioactivity-guided fractionation. We first compared the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities of four fractions and the CRE total extract. Only the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction revealed strong activity, and further isolation from the bioactive EA fraction yielded nine constituents: scirpusin A (1), scirpusin B (2), luteolin (3), 6'-acetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (4), 4',6' diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (5), p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7), pinellic acid (8), and fulgidic acid (9). The activities of constituents 1-9 were assessed in terms of anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid-${\beta}$ activities. Constituents 1, 2, and 3 exhibited strong activities; constituents 1 and 2 were characterized for the first time in this study. These results provide evidence for the value of CRE as a source of multi-functional neuroprotectants, and constituents 1 and 2 may represent new candidates for further development in therapeutic use against neurodegenerative diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1992

To develope the methods for isolation and enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations in pigs, we carried out the rosette-assay using sheep erythrocytes(SRBC) and Korean native goat erythrocytes(GRBC) as a target cells. To enumerate T lymphocytes, E-rosette methods were applied with RBC treated with various concentration of polymers such as Aet and Dex, singly or in combination. And to enumerate B lymphocytes, EAand EAC-rosette assay was adopted. The results were as follows; 1. E-RFR with polymer-untreated SRBC and GRBC was $32.9{\pm}7.9%$ and $31.3{\pm}9.4%$, respectively. On the other hand, RFR with 0.1M Aet plus 8% Dex treated SRBC and GRBC was increased about two-fold($67.8{\pm}7.4%$ and $69.8{\pm}8.5%$), respectively. 2. EA-RFR with SRBC and GRBC were $ 39.1{\pm}10.2%$ and $32.6{\pm}6.1%$, respectively. 3. EAC-RFR with SRBC and GRBC were $27.6{\pm}7.0%$ arld $21.0{\pm}3.2%$, respectively. These results showed that both SRBC and GRBC could be recommanded as a binding cells for rosetteassay to isolate of lymphocyte-subpopulations in pigs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) and surgical decompression on paraplegia due to spinal compression in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs were assigned into two groups (group A and group B). The one is for the combination of EA and surgical decompression, and the other is for surgical decompression alone. After decompression, neurological function was evaluated daily with modified Tarlov grading system. SEPs were measured as objective evaluation of normal spinal cord function before spinal compression and after neurological recovery. The period of rehabilitation in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B (p<0.05). Conduction velocity of SEPs showed a tendency to return to normal when the dogs got full recovery. According to these results, it was considered that the EA with surgical decompression was more effective than surgical decompression alone for paraplegia resulting from spinal cord injury in dog.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.715-719
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• 2011

The $La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Cr_{1-x}Ni_{x}O_{3}$(LSCN-x) perovskites were prepared by citric acid and EDTA using a sol-gel method. The LSCN-x was characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, $H_2$-TPR, EA and TEM. The catalytic performance of LSCN-x catalysts in steam reforming of propane in the temperature range 600~$800^{\circ}C$ was investigated. Propane conversion and hydrogen yield increased with an increase in the amount of added Ni up to x=0.5 in the B-site, denoted as LSCN-0.5, under S/C=1 and S/C=1.7 reaction conditions. The LSCN-0.5 catalyst exhibited the best performance under Ni-substitution of which propane conversion and hydrogen yield was 100%, 95.9% at $800^{\circ}C$ in the S/C=1.7 condition, respectively. The morphology of carbon deposited on the catalysts after reaction exhibited filamentous carbon and amount of carbon deposited on the catalysts after reaction increased with an increase in the amount of added Ni.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

The effects of pH and temperature on the removal of two dyes (neutral red; NR and malachite green oxalates; MG) from aqueous effluents using Maghnia montmorillonite clay in a batch adsorption process were investigated. The results showed the stability of the optical properties of MG in aqueous solution and adsorbed onto clay under wide range of pH 3-9. However, the interaction of NR dye with clay is accompanied by a red shift of the main absorption bands of monomer cations under pH range of 3-5, whereas, those of neutral form remains nearly constant over the pH range of 8-12. The optimal pH for favorable adsorption of the dyes, i.e. ${\geq}$90% has been achieved in aqueous solutions at 6 and 7 for NR and VM respectively. The most suitable adsorption temperatures were 298 and 318 K with maximum adsorption capacities of 465.13mg/g for NR and 459.89 mg/g for MG. The adsorption equilibrium results for both dyes follow Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms. The numerical values of the mean free energy $E_a$ of 4.472-5.559 kj/mol and 2.000-2.886 kj/mol for NR and MG respectively indicated physical adsorption. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$, ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$, ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$ and Ea have been calculated. The data showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The sticking probability model was further used to assess the potential feasibility of the clay mineral as an alternative adsorbent for organic ion pollutants in aqueous solution.