• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.14-19
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• 2004

RFID는 라디오 주파수 기반의 자동 인식 데이터 수집 장치로서 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 기반 기술의 핵심 분야이다. RFID 태그(전자태그)가 부착된 개체의 위치를 저장할 수 있기 때문에 시간에 따라 위치가 변하는 이동체와 유사하다. 그러나 태그 객체는 판독기(reader)의 위치로 인식되며 일정 수 이상의 객체들이 같은 시간에 함께 이동하는 특징을 가지기 때문에 기존의 이동체 모델링 방법을 사용하여 전자 태그 객체를 표현하면 색인의 성능이 저하되는 문제가 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 시공간 질의를 처리하는 색인의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 태그 객체의 특징을 반영한 모델링 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 모델링 기법에서 간격 데이터 개념을 기반으로 시간과 공간 도메인 외에 식별자 도메인을 추가하여 태그 객체를 표현한다. 그리고 세 가지 도메인을 이용하여 태그 객체에 대한 색인을 구성한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.104
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

In this paper, spectrum use factor as the ratio between used spectrum bandwidth by the existing system and total spectrum resources at specific locations was derived and calculated. Spectrum use factor was also presented as a function of antenna patterns and transmitter power of existing systems. Real spectrum use factor was calculated for fixed radio station as a validity of this paper. With the results of this paper, we can use the spectrum more efficiently because the white space of spectrum space is replaced by the quantificated spectrum space.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07d
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• pp.1612-1614
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• 1997

고분자 절연재료의 결함에 의하여 발생하는 부분방전은 고분자 재료의 화학적, 전기적 열화를 가져오며 때로는 전기 트리로 성장하여 재료의 절연파괴에 이르게 하기도 한다. 따라서 부분 방전 현상의 메카니즘 뿐만 아니라 측정법에 대한 많은 연구들이 있었으나 부분방전 열화가 고분자 재료에 미치는 열화과정에 대하여서는 명확한 메카니즘이 보고되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 부분방전에 의한 고분자 절연재료 내의 공간전하 축적 현상에 대하여 연구하였다. 고분자 재료로는 현재 전력용 케이블에 주로 사용되고 있는 가교 폴리에틸렌(XLPE)를 사용하였으며, 1kHz의 주파수로6kV, 8kV, 10kv 및 11kV로 수시간 부분방전을 발생시킨 후 펄스정전응력법(PEA)으로 공간전하를 측정하였다. 실험결과 부분방전에 의하여 고분자 재료 내에 이종공간전하의 주입이 확인되었으며 따라서 부분방전에 의하여 고분자 재료가 열화되며 이러한 열화에 의한 전자의 방출율의 변화와 같은 고분자 표면의 상태 변화에 의하여 부분방전의 패턴에 지배적인 영향을 미친다. 이러한 공간전하의 축적에 의하여 부분방전 현상에 미치는 영향은 추후 보고할 예정이다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.221-232
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• 2023

This paper presents a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for predicting bolt clamping force in the early bolt loosening state of bolted structures. The approach entails tightening eight bolts with different clamping forces and generating frequency responses, which are then used to create a similarity map. This map quantifies the magnitude and shape similarity between the frequency responses and the initial model in a fully fastened state. Krylov subspace-based model order reduction is employed to efficiently handle the large amount of frequency response data. The CNN model incorporates a regression output layer to predict the clamping forces of the bolts. Its performance is evaluated by training the network by using various amounts of training data and convolutional layers. The input data for the model are derived from the magnitude and shape similarity map obtained from the frequency responses. The results demonstrate the diagnostic potential and effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting early bolt loosening. Accurate bolt clamping force predictions in the early loosening state can thus be achieved by utilizing the frequency response data and CNN model. The findings afford valuable insights into the application of CNNs for assessing the integrity of bolted structures.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 2009

Shotcrete is an important primary support for tunnelling in rock. The quality control of shotcrete is a core issue in the safe construction and maintenance of tunnels. Although shotcrete may be applied well initially onto excavated rock surfaces, it is affected by blasting, rock deformation and shrinkage and can debond from the excavated surface, causing problems such as corrosion, buckling, fracturing and the creation of internal voids. This study suggests an effective non-destructive evaluation method of the tunnel shotcrete bonding state applied onto hard rocks using the impact-echo (IE) method and ground penetration radar (GPR). To verify previous numerical simulation results, experimental study carried out. Generally, the bonding state of shotcrete can be classified into void, debonded, and fully bonded. In the laboratory, three different bonding conditions were modeled. The signals obtained from the experimental IE tests were analyzed at the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain (i.e., the Short- Time Fourier transform). For all cases in the analyses, the experimental test results were in good agreement with the previous numerical simulation results, verifying this approach. Both the numerical and experimental results suggest that the bonding state of shotcrete can be evaluated through changes in the resonance frequency and geometric damping ratio in a frequency domain analysis, and through changes in the contour shape and correlation coefficient in a time-frequency analysis: as the bonding state worsens in hard rock condition, the autospectral density increases, the geometric damping ratio decreases, and the contour shape in the time-frequency domain has a long tail parallel to the time axis. The correlation coefficient can be effectively applied for a quantitative evaluation of bonding state of tunnel shotcrete. Finally, the bonding state of shotcrete can be successfully evaluated based on the process suggested in this study.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2014

Electromagnetic (EM) methods are generally divided into frequency-domain EM (FDEM) and time-domain EM (TDEM) methods, depending on the source waveform. The FDEM and TDEM fields are mathematically related by the Fourier transformation, and the TDEM field can thus be obtained as the Fourier transformation of FDEM data. For modeling in time-domain, we can use fast frequency-domain modeling codes and then convert the results to the time domain with a suitable numerical method. Thus, frequency-to-time transformations are of interest to EM methods, which is generally attained through fast Fourier transform. However, faster frequency-to-time transformation is required for the 3D inversion of TDEM data or for the processing of vast air-borne TDEM data. The diffusion expansion method (DEM) is one of smart frequency-to-time transformation methods. In DEM, the EM field is expanded into a sequence of diffusion functions with a known frequency dependence, but with unknown diffusion-times that must be chosen based on the data to be transformed. Especially, accuracy of DEM is sensitive to the diffusion-time. In this study, we developed a method to determine the optimum range of diffusion-time values, minimizing the RMS error of the frequency-domain data approximated by the diffusion expansion. We confirmed that this method produces accurate results over a wider time range for a homogeneous half-space and two-layered model.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.853-867
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• 2010

Recently, thumbnail techniques are required to index a high-performance video at digital convergence-based multimedia service like IPTV and DMB. Therefore a thumbnail extraction method in H.264/AVC bitstreams has been proposed. However, thumbnail quality deterioration problem at converting the general equation of spatial domain to frequency domain which is generated by not considering about H.264/AVC transform and quantization processing and rounding-off operation in intra prediction. In this paper, we propose a new thumbnail extraction method in H.264/AVC bitstreams. The proposed scheme is based on H.264/AVC core-transform for a thumbnail extraction in frequency domain, and probability theory, intra rounding-off error compensation. Through the implementation and performance evaluation, the subjective quality difference between the output of our scheme and the output of reference decoder is negligible and better than the conventional method, and moreover PSNR gain by up to 8.66 dB.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

Recently, as required wireless communication traffic increase, millimeter wave mobile technologies that can secure broadband spectrum are gaining attention. However, the path loss is high in the millimeter wave channel. Massive MIMO system is being researched in which can complement the path loss by beamforming by equiped large-scale antenna at the base station. While legacy beamforming techniques have analog and digital methods, practical difficulties exist for application to massive MIMO systems in terms of system complexity and cost. Therefore, this paper studies a hybrid beamforming scheme for massive MIMO system in the millimeter wave band. Also this paper considers spatial multiplexing scheme to serve multi-users with multiple received antennas. Gains of the beamforming and the spatial multiplexing schemes are evaluated by analyzing the spectral efficiency.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

Time Stretched Pulse (TSP) is used for transmitting and analyzing the impulse signal over the designated spatial place. However, if transfer functions of transmitter and receiver are unknown, performance investigation of free field in temporal domain is barely possible due to the overlap between the direct and indirect signal from the space. Generally, the free field or hemi-free field is evaluated by the Annex A of ISO 3745 in which utilizing the inverse square law with one-third octave band signals. In this paper, the author performs analysis of free field via applying TSP with inverse square law and the results are compared with the one-third octave band signals. According to the analysis of deviation between the corresponding signal and inverse square law model, the proposed TSP method provides the comparable performance index to the one-third octave band signal with reduced measuring time. Provided that the pre-whitening can be implementable by employing the speaker and microphone transfer function, further analyses from TSP compression are able to be performed such as multipath separation from time domain data. The anechoic chamber used in this experiment is verified conformance with ISO 3745 for free field and hemi-free field condition for limited frequency of the signal.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2004

This paper presents a hybrid digital watermarking scheme for color images, We insert two watermarks in the DWT domain using spread-spectrum correlation-based watermarking in luminance component of the color image and in spatial domain using pixel-value substitution of blue channel of color image. The objectives of this paper are to have the watermark robust to common signal processing and to detect any changes on the watermarked image for tamper detection at the same time. This watermark scheme will have the robustness characteristic as typical in frequency domain watermark, and also ability to detect any changes on the image (tamper detection).