• Title/Summary/Keyword: 공간 선량

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Effectiveness Evalution of 18F-FDG Auto Dispenser (RIID: Radiopharmaceutical Intelligent Dispenser) (18F-FDG 자동분주기 사용에 따른 유용성 평가)

  • Yoo, Moon-Gon;Moon, Jae-Seung;Kim, Su-Geun;Shin, Min-Yong;Kim, Seung-Chul;Lee, Tea-hun;An, Sung-Hyeun
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.79-83
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    • 2018
  • Purpose $^{18}F-FDG$, which is commonly used in PET-CT examinations, is low in capacity and it is difficult to keep the amount of radioactivity busy when the specific activity is high, increasing the amount of space dose and radioactive contamination in the distribution room. Therefore, while evaluating the actual dose administered to patients during the manual dispense process, the medical institution intends to assess the usefulness of the auto dispenser by comparing the differences from the actual dose administered to the patient using the new automatic dispense. Materials and Methods From July 2016 to December 2016, 846 patients were manually administered by workers using $^{18}F-FDG$ and $^{18}F-FDG$ 906 patients were using auto dispenser from July 2017 to December 2017. Results Capacity administered to patients during the manual dispense averaged $35.41{\pm}27.79%$ compared to the recommended dose, and the auto dispenser process showed a small difference of $-2.15{\pm}3.99%$ compared to the recommended dose(p<0.05). Conclusion Working people did not have to touch radioactive medicines directly while they were busy in the auto dispenser, and because of the availability of other tasks far away, the time and distance to receive the exposure were also advantageous. It is believed that future use by many medical institutions will not only reduce the dose to patients but also help reduce the exposure dose to workers.

A Study on the Behavior of the Free Space Scatter dose in X-ray Diagnostic Room (X선촬영실 내에서의 공간산란선량 변동에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Hyun-Joo;Kim, Sung-Soo;Kim, Young-Il;Lim, Han-Young;Kim, Heung-Tae;Lee, Who-Min;Kim, Hak-Sung;Lee, Sang-Suk
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 1994
  • In this pauper, when the X-ray exposure condition is 70, 90, 110 kV, 10 mAs, FFD 180 cm, FSO $10{\times}10$, $35{\times}35\;cm$, toward the $36{\times}36{\times}15\;cm$ acryl phantom, the free space scatter dose rate at the 15th points in X-ray diagnostic room was measured by electrometer and 1800 co ionization chamber. Therefore, the free space scatter dose distribution profile was drown, and then, the free space scatter dose contribution percentage was Investigated. The obtained results are summarized as following. 1. The X-ray tube leakage dose rate of the experiment generator at the 1 m from focus was measured maximum 85 mR/hr, minimum 20 mR/hr, therefore, this values was appeared below the KS rules, 2. The free space scatter dose become to larger at the primary X-ray beam around area, and lower at the back ward X-ray tube. The maximum values were 3,812 mR/hr at the front Lt 1 m $45^{\circ}$ point, minimum 117 mR/hr at the back ward 1 m $180^{\circ}C$ point. 3. As the more tube voltage and field size increase, the more free space scatter dose contribution percentage become to increase, as to 90 kV from 70 kV, increase to 12 %, to 110 kV from 90 kV, increase to 18 %, and then, become to 11 % at the $10{\times}10\;cm$ and 87 % at the $35{\times}35\;cm$. 4. The 89 % of the total producted scatter ray occured from acryl phantom, at the X-ray tube housing 6 %, at the front side back wall 5 %. 5. The free space scatter dose contribution percentage at the one point build up 80 % from the phanton direction, 14 % from the X-ray tube and collimator direction, 2.2 % from the front wall, 1.8 % from the side wall, 1.7 % the back wall.

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Current Status of the Spent Filter Waste and Consideration of Its Treatment Method in KAERI (KAERI 저장 폐필터의 현황과 처리방법에 관한 고찰)

  • Ji, Young-Yong;Hong, Dae-Seok;Kang, Il-Sik;Shon, Jong-Sik
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 2007
  • Spent filter wastes of about 1,000 units (200 L) have been stored in the waste storage facility of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute since its operation. At the moment, to secure space in a waste storage facility as well as to efficiently manage spent filter wastes, it is necessary to conduct a compaction treatment of these spent filters, and finally, to repack the compacted spent filters into a 200 liter drum. To do that, the spent filter wastes were first classified according to their generation facilities, their generation date and their surface dose rate by investigating the inventory of the spent filters. In order to repack a compacted spent filter in a 200 liter drum, it is first necessary to conduct a radionuclide assessment of a spent filter before compacting it. Therefore, after taking a representative sample from a spent filter without a dismantlement, the nuclide analysis for it will be conducted. And then, after putting a spent filter into a regular drum by conducting the columnar shaping of the hexahedral form of a spent filter, the compaction treatment of the shaped spent filter will be conducted by vertically compacting it.

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Space Radiation Effect on Si Solar Cells (우주 방사능에 의한 실리콘 태양 전지의 특성 변화)

  • Lee, Jae-Jin;Kwak, Young-Sil;Hwang, Jung-A;Bong, Su-Chang;Cho, Kyung-Seok;Jeong, Seong-In;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Choi, Han-Woo;Han, Young-Hwan;Choi, Yong-Woon;Seong, Baek-Il
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.435-444
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    • 2008
  • High energy charged particles are trapped by geomagnetic field in the region named Van Allen Belt. These particles can move to low altitude along magnetic field and threaten even low altitude spacecraft. Space Radiation can cause equipment failures and on occasions can even destroy operations of satellites in orbit. Sun sensors aboard Science and Technology Satellite (STSAT-l) was designed to detect sun light with silicon solar cells which performance was degraded during satellite operation. In this study, we try to identify which particle contribute to the solar cell degradation with ground based radiation facilities. We measured the short circuit current after bombarding electrons and protons on the solar cells same as STSAT-1 sun sensors. Also we estimated particle flux on the STSAT-l orbit with analyzing NOAA POES particle data. Our result clearly shows STSAT-l solar cell degradation was caused by energetic protons which energy is about 700keV to 1.5MeV. Our result can be applied to estimate solar cell conditions of other satellites.

System Development of Cubsat SIGMA(KHUSAT-3)

  • Shin, Jehyuck;Lee, Seongwhan;Lee, Jung-Kyu;Lee, Hyojeong;Lee, Jeongho;Seo, Junwon;Shin, Youra;Jeong, Seonyeong;Cheon, Junghoon;Kim, Hanjun;Lim, Jeonghyun;Lee, Junmin;Jin, Ho;Nam, Uk-Won;Kim, Sunghwan;Lee, Regina;Kim, Hyomin;Lessard, Marc R.
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.106-106
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    • 2014
  • SIGMA (Scientific cubesat with Instrument for Global Magnetic field and rAdiation)는 근 지구공간에서 우주방사선량 측정과 자기장 변화 검출의 과학적 목적과 교육적 목적을 가지고 개발하고 있는 초소형 큐브위성이다. $100mm{\times}100mm{\times}340.5mm$의 크기로 약 3.6 kg의 무게를 가지며, 탑재체는 방사선에 대하여 인체와 동일한 산란 흡수 특성을 가진 Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC)와 자기장 측정을 위한 Magnetometer (Mag)이다. 위성체는 구조계, 자세제어계, 전력계, 명령 및 데이터처리계, 통신계로 구성되어있다. 구조계는 위성의 뼈대인 Chassis와 Mag deployer로 이루어져있고, 위성의 안정적인 자세유지를 목적으로 Attitude Control System (ACS) Board와 Torque Coil이 자세제어계로 구성된다. 전력의 생산과 공급 및 충전은 태양전지판과 Electrical Power System (EPS), 리튬 배터리로 구성된 전력계에서 이뤄지며, 명령 및 데이터처리계는 On Board Computer (OBC)와 Instrument Interface board (IIB)를 중심으로 서브시스템의 명령체계와 데이터처리를 다룬다. 통신계는 Uplink인 VHF 안테나와 Downlink인 UHF, S-band 안테나로 구성되며 지상과 명령을 송수신한다. SIGMA는 타임인터럽트 기능을 활용한 Flight Software (FSW)로 운용되며 임무에 따른 6가지 모드의 시나리오로 위성을 운용한다. 이에 SIGMA의 개발과 테스트 결과를 소개한다. 본 큐브위성 개발기술을 바탕으로 향후 천문관측용 위성에도 활용할 예정이다.

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Image Quality Evaluation in Computed Tomography Using Super-resolution Convolutional Neural Network (Super-resolution Convolutional Neural Network를 이용한 전산화단층상의 화질 평가)

  • Nam, Kibok;Cho, Jeonghyo;Lee, Seungwan;Kim, Burnyoung;Yim, Dobin;Lee, Dahye
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.211-220
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    • 2020
  • High-quality computed tomography (CT) images enable precise lesion detection and accurate diagnosis. A lot of studies have been performed to improve CT image quality while reducing radiation dose. Recently, deep learning-based techniques for improving CT image quality have been developed and show superior performance compared to conventional techniques. In this study, a super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) model was used to improve the spatial resolution of CT images, and image quality according to the hyperparameters, which determine the performance of the SRCNN model, was evaluated in order to verify the effect of hyperparameters on the SRCNN model. Profile, structural similarity (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) were measured to evaluate the performance of the SRCNN model. The results showed that the performance of the SRCNN model was improved with an increase of the numbers of epochs and training sets, and the learning rate needed to be optimized for obtaining acceptable image quality. Therefore, the SRCNN model with optimal hyperparameters is able to improve CT image quality.

A Study for Effects of Image Quality due to Scatter Ray produced by Increasing of Tube Voltage (관전압 증가에 기인한 산란선 발생의 화질 영향 연구)

  • Park, Ji-Koon;Jun, Je-Hoon;Yang, Sung-Woo;Kim, Kyo-Tae;Choi, Il-Hong;Kang, Sang-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.11 no.7
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    • pp.663-669
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    • 2017
  • In diagnostic medical imaging, it is essential to reduce the scattered radiation for the high medical image quality and low patient dose. Therefore, in this study, the influence of the scattered radiation on medical images was analyzed as the tube voltage increases. For this purpose, ANSI chest phantom was used to measure the scattering ratio, and the scattering effect on the image quality was investigated by RMS evaluation, RSD and NPS analysis. It was found that the scattering ratio with increasing x-ray tube voltage gradually increased to 48.8% at 73 kV tube voltage and to 80.1% at 93 kV tube voltage. As a result of RMS analysis for evaluating the image quality, RMS value according to increase of tube voltage was increased, resulting in low image quality. Also, the NPS value at 2.5 lp/mm spatial frequency was increased by 20% when the tube voltage was increased by 93 kV compared to the tube voltage of 73 kV. From this study, it can be seen that the scattering radiation have a significant effect on the image quality according to the increase of x-ray tube voltage. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the improvement of medical imaging quality.

Effect of 18 Irradiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brains of Goldfish Carassius auratus (18 방사성동위원소 피폭에 의한 금붕어(Carassius auratus)뇌의 신경전달물질 변화)

  • Park, Nam-Gyu;Go, Hye-Jin;Kim, Gun-Do;Lee, Jong-Kyu;Kil, Sang-Hyeong;Lee, Byung-Woo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.1046-1051
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    • 2012
  • In order to investigate the changes in bioactive materials induced in goldfish brains by $^{18}F$ irradiation, the variations in the neurotransmitter levels in the whole brain were studied. The distance between the goldfish and 580 mCi of $^{18}F$ was about 4 cm, and the exposure lasted for 4 hrs. The absorption level calculated based on the distance, exposure time, and half-life of $^{18}F$ was approximately 2 Gy. After sacrifice by $^{18}F$ irradiation or untreated conditions, ten brains were dissected or immediately frozen, respectively. The tissues were extracted in acetic acid. After lyophilization, the samples were dissolved in distilled water and were further purified on a reverse-phase HPLC column. There were no differences in the intensities of the bioactive materials between $^{18}F$-exposed goldfish and control goldfish, while the only peak corresponded to 13 min, which indicated a significant increase in the irradiated brains. Our analysis has found that this compound is tryptophan. This result suggests that $^{18}F$ leads to changes in a classical neurotransmitter, tryptophan, in both the brains of control goldfish and goldfish contaminated by irradiation.

Pediatric Radiation Examination by Development of Bismuth Shield Research on Radiation Exposure (비스무스 차폐체 개발을 통한 소아 방사선검사의 피폭에 관한 연구)

  • Hoon Kim;Yong-Keun Kim;Joon-Nyeon Kim;Seung-Hyun Wi;Eun-Kyung Park;Myung-Jun Chae;Bu-Gil Baek;Eun-Hye Kim;Cheong-Hwan Lim
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 2024
  • Currently, with the development of technologies, X-ray examinations for medical examinations at hospital is increasing. This study was conducted to help reduce radiation exposure by measuring the exposure dose received by pediatric patients and the spatial dose of the X-ray room. Dosimeters were installed in the eyeball, thyroid gland, breast, gonads and 4 directions at a distance of 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm from the phantom. The dose was measured ten times each, before, and after the application of the bismuth shield under the examination conditions of the head, chest, and abdomen of pediatric patients. Under the condition of head examination, when a shielding was applied, the dose reduction rate was 68.58% for the eyeball, 72.88% for the thyroid, 84.2% for the breast, and 72.36% for the gonad. The chest examination showed reductions of 19.56% eyeball, 56.98% thyroid, 1.21% breast, and 0.68% gonad. The abdominal examination showed reduction rates of 2.6% eyeball, 10.67% thyroid, 19.85% breast, and 82.02% gonad. Spatial dose decreased by 62.25% at 30 cm, 61.16% at 40 cm, and 68.68% at 50 cm. When the bismuth shield was applied, there was a decrease in dose across all examinations, as well as a reduction in spatial dose. Continued research on the use of bismuth shields will help radiological technologists achieve their goal of dose reduction.

3DentAI: U-Nets for 3D Oral Structure Reconstruction from Panoramic X-rays (3DentAI: 파노라마 X-ray로부터 3차원 구강구조 복원을 위한 U-Nets)

  • Anusree P.Sunilkumar;Seong Yong Moon;Wonsang You
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.326-334
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    • 2024
  • Extra-oral imaging techniques such as Panoramic X-rays (PXs) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) are the most preferred imaging modalities in dental clinics owing to its patient convenience during imaging as well as their ability to visualize entire teeth information. PXs are preferred for routine clinical treatments and CBCTs for complex surgeries and implant treatments. However, PXs are limited by the lack of third dimensional spatial information whereas CBCTs inflict high radiation exposure to patient. When a PX is already available, it is beneficial to reconstruct the 3D oral structure from the PX to avoid further expenses and radiation dose. In this paper, we propose 3DentAI - an U-Net based deep learning framework for 3D reconstruction of oral structure from a PX image. Our framework consists of three module - a reconstruction module based on attention U-Net for estimating depth from a PX image, a realignment module for aligning the predicted flattened volume to the shape of jaw using a predefined focal trough and ray data, and lastly a refinement module based on 3D U-Net for interpolating the missing information to obtain a smooth representation of oral cavity. Synthetic PXs obtained from CBCT by ray tracing and rendering were used to train the networks without the need of paired PX and CBCT datasets. Our method, trained and tested on a diverse datasets of 600 patients, achieved superior performance to GAN-based models even with low computational complexity.