• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to describe the morphological and skeletal development of the larvae and juvenile of Ilisha elongata(Bennett). The larvae(mean 5.02 mm in total length, TL) opened the mouth and anus with 36~38+15~16=51~54 myotomes, and anus located about 73.0% of TL. The clavicle of shoulder girdle was ossified. The larvae(mean 7.82 mm in TL) have all fin-fold differentiated and its caudal notochord began to flex. Parasphenoid of cranium and dentary of the lower jaw were ossified. The caudal notochord of the larva(mean 9.84 mm) was flexed $45^{\circ}$, and anus located about 67.0% of TL. The body height of the larvae(mean 23.32 mm in TL) were 18.0~20.0% of TL, and the aggregate numbers of all fin rays were completed. Ossification was completed in the larva of mean 26.52 mm in TL.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.241-265
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• 1989

The purpose of present study is to describe the taxonomy and early life history of Korean pomfrets, genus Pampus. Egg diameter varied from $0.83\~1.27mm\;and\;1.05\~1.41mm$ in P. argenteus and P. echinogaster respectively. Larvae of P. echinogaster of 16.5 mm in total length has full number of fin rays and enter the juvenile period. The egg is matured at 185.0 mm in total length in P. argenteus and at 95.5 mm in total length in P. echinogaster. P. echinogaster is ossified from jaw bone at $8.5\~10.0mm$ in to1 length and followed by ossification of vertebrae and visceral skeleton. P. argenteus and P. echinogaster are distinguished by the morphology of jaw, fin and isthmus. In P. argenteus, wavy ridges extends over the upper part of pectoral fin and gill membrane is broadly united to isthmus, while in P. echinogaster the ridges are limited to the base of pectoral fin and gill membrane reaching isthmus. These Pampus spp. are easily distinguished based on internal features, such as number of vertebrae, gill raker, pyloric caeca, epipleural bone, esophageal sat and length of intestine.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.133-152
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• 2005

1. 목적 Prostaglandin은 치주질환과 관련된 국소적 골 대사에 중요한 역할을 한다. ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$는 생체 내에서 혈장의 존재 하에 형성되는 천연 $PGD_2$ 대사산물이며 peroxisome- proliferator에 의해 활성화되는 감마 수용체 (PPAR ${\Gamma}$)에 대해 높은 친화성을 갖는 리간드로서 핵 수용체군에 속하는 전사조절인자이다. 이 연구의 목적은 골화 과정에서 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$의 역할을 규명하기 위해, 조골세포주의 증식과 분화에 미치는 영향과 그에 관련된 세포기전을 조사하는 데에 있다. 2. 방법 인간 골육종세포주인 Saos-2 (ATCC.HTB 85)와 쥐의 조골세포주 (MC3T3-E1)를 배양한 후 실험군에 농도가 각각 $10^{-5}$, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-8}$, $10^{-9}$ 몰인 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$와 ciglitazone (합성 PPAR 감마 길항체)를 첨가하였다. 조골세포에서 PPAR 감마의 발현을 관찰하기 위해 역전사효소-중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)을 특정한 primer를 이용하여 시행하였다. 세포 증식은 1일, 2일, 3 일째에 MIT 분석법으로 측정하였고, 2 일째에 알칼리성 인산효소 (ALPase) 생산을 측정하였다. 위의 결과에서 얻은 적정한 농도에서 다양한 조골세포 분화의 표지자들-제 1 형 교원질, 알칼리성 인산효소, osteopontin 및 bone sialoprotein-에 대한 간이 정량적 역전사효소-중합효소연쇄반응 (semiquantitative RT-PCR)을 실시하였으며 골결절 형성에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 석회화 분석도 시행하였다. 3. 결과 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$와 ciglitazone 모두 Saos-2 세포주의 증식을 촉진시켰다 .$10^{-8}$ 몰의 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$와 $10^{-6}$몰의 ciglitazone을 첨가한 실험군을 대조군과 비교했을 때, 시간에 비례하여 세포 증식률이 증가되었다. 알칼리성 인산효소의 활성화 검사에서도 증식률에서와 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 간이 정량적 RT-PCR에서는 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$로 처리한 군의 경우 제 1 형 교원질, 알칼리성 인산효소, osteopontin, 그리고 bone sialoprotein의 상대적 mRNA 수준이 유의하게 높았다. 석회화 분석에서는 MC3T3-E1 세포를 $10^{-6}$ 몰의 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$로 처리한 군과 $10^{-5}$ 몰의 ciglitazone으로 처리한 군에서 현저한 골결절 형성을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$가 유용한 골 유도물질이 될 수 있으며 또한 그 작용기전이 PPAR 감마-의존형 경로와 연관되어 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2015

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is one of the more common skeletal dysplasias. MED is characterized by joint pain and stiffness, a waddling gait, and/or mild short stature in childhood. Radiographic findings include delayed and irregular ossification of the epiphyses in multiple joints. Mutations in at least six different genes (COMP, MATN3, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, and DTDST) can cause MED, and it can be either dominant or recessive inheritance. Molecular diagnosis is important for accurate prognosis and genetic counselling. COMP mutation is the most common form of MED in Western. But, MATN3 mutation was reported as the most common type of MED in Korea. Here, we describe a boy who was diagnosed as MED by clinical and radiological features. Hip radiograph of the patient was suggested MATN3 mutation. But knee radiograph was suggested COMP mutation. MATN3 and COMP mutations direct sequencing, but were no mutation. So we tested whole exome sequencing, but significant variant was not detected as known MED six genes mutations. The patient was diagnosed as having MED clinically and radiologically. Further study to identify the other responsible genes for MED is needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.255-265
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• 2000

The term 'myositis ossificans' encompasses four categories of clinicopathological disorders. The first, myositis ossificans progressive(fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive), is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification involving skeletal muscle, tendon, ligaments, and fascia, with congenital malformation of the great toes, and usually microdactyly, monophalangism, and mal formed proximal phalanges. with valgus deformity of metatarsophalangeal joint. The ossification begins shortly after birth and may contribute to the patient's death. The second, heterotopic ossificans, can occur in patients with neuromuscular and chronic diseases such as paraplegia, poliomyelitis, polymyositis, bum, tetanus, and infection. But the lesions in these cases often lack the typical histologic features of myositis ossificans. The third, myositis ossificans traumatica, is the most common; it develops in response to soft tissue trauma such as a single severe injury, minor repetitive injures, fracture, joint dislocation, stab wound, or surgical incision. The forth, nontraumatic myositis ossificans, also designated :pseudomalignant osseous tumors of extraskeletal soft tissues' and 'psedomalignant myositis ossificans', occurs in persons repeated small mechanical injures or nonmechanical soft tissue injuries due to local ischemia, inflammation. or other factors cannot be ruled out in such cases.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

This study suggests basic data for taxonomic research among similar species by observing osteological development of larvae of Hemibarbus longirostris. Newly hatched yolk-sac larvae were 8.10±0.02 mm (n=5) in mean total length, and frontal, parasphenoid, and basioccipital in the cranium were ossified. On the 6 days after hatching, flexion-larvae were 10.9±0.26 mm (n=5) in mean total length, hyomandibular, sympletic, and ectopterygoid in the cranium were ossified. On the 12 days after hatching, post-larvae were 12.2±0.55 mm (n=5) in mean total length, interopercle in operculum region and postclavicle in shoulder girdle bone were ossified. On the 25 days after hatching, post-larvae were 16.1±0.27 mm (n=5) in mean total length, epihyal and interhyal in hyoid arch, two epural in caudal skeleton, interneural processes, and interhaemal processes were ossified. On the 40 days after hatching, juvenile were 27.9±3.74 mm (n=5) in mean total length, all skeletal development completed with hypural bone in the caudal skeleton region fused in three forms (1, 2+3, 4+5).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.3 s.32
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• pp.463-498
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• 1990

전기적 자극에 의한 골성장기전의 개념을 이용하여 임상적 효율성을 증진시키기 위한 연구는 현재 교정학을 비롯한 치과영역에서 활발히 진행되고 있는 분야 중의 하나이다. 전기적 자극의 여러 형태 중의 하나인 전자기장과 하악의 기능적 전방 이동을 유도하는 악기능교정장치가 백서의 하악과두 성장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 생후 4주된 Sprague Dawley계 백서 48마리를 대조군 12마리, 실험군 36마리로 나누고, 실험군은 다시 전자기장을 가한 군, 하악골 전방이동 장치를 장착시킨 군, 전자기장과 하악골 전방이동 장치를 병용시킨 군으로 분류하여 각각 12마리씩 실험동물을 배정하였다. 각 군의 실험동물은 15 HZ의 특수 전자기장이나 하악전방이동 자치가 하루10시간씩 작용되도록 특별히 제작한 실험장치 속에 넣어 1주간, 4주간씩 사육하여 희생시킨 후 하악골을 분리하고 연조직을 박리한 후 $10\%$ formalin에 보관하였다. 하악골 길이를 측정하기 위해 0.05mm까지 계측 가능한 캘리퍼를 이용하여 하악과두의 후연에서 이공까지의 거리를 계측하였고, 하악과두를 절제하여 0.5M EDTA에 탈회시켜 파라핀 포매를 하였다. 표본의 절단방향은 시상평면에 평행하게 하여 $6{\mu}m$두께로 연속절단 하였으며, 그 중 중심의 3절편을 취하여 통법에 의한 H-E 중염색을 시행하였다. 하악골 계측과 H-E 중염색 표본을 통한 조직학적 관찰을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 4주군에서 전자기장만에 노출된 실험군은 대조군에 비해 하악골 길이가 유익성 있게 증가되었다. 2. 전자기장과 하악골 전방이동 장치를 병용한 실험군은 하악골 전방이동장치만을 사용한 실험군에 비하여 하악골 길이가 증가되었다. 3. 전자기장에 노출된 실험군은 전구 연골아세포(prechondroblast)의 증식, 비대연골 세포층의 세포간질 및 연골내 골화층의 석회화가 모두 증가되었다. 4. 본 실험에 사용한 15 HZ전자기장의 주요작용부위는 백서의 하악과두 성장지역 중 연골내 골화의 석회화 지역이며, 또한 이는 하악골 전방이동 장치와 병용시 하악과두 성장을 촉진시킬 수 있음이 관찰되었다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.2 s.103
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• pp.143-152
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• 2004

It has not been elucidated whether the initiation of condylar development of the mandible is related with the periosteum of the mandible, or if it derives from a separate programmed blastema not related with the mandible. Also, although the mandibular condylar cartilage is known to promote growth, few studies have dealt with molecular-biologic mechanisms such as the expression of specific genes according to the differentiation of the mandibular condyle. To elucidate the unique cellular characteristics, development, and differentiation process of the mandibular condyle, an examination of expressions of genes characteristic of cartilage and bone were carried out using RT-PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization. 1. Type? collagen mRNA was detected with type II collagen mRNA in the differentiation and growth process of the cartilage of the mandibular condyle. TypeII collagen mRNA was demonstrated in the whole resting md upper part of the poliferative zone, whereas type II collagen mRNA was observed in the resting, proliferative and upper hypertrophic cartilage zone of the mandibular condyle. 2. The condylar cartilage rapidly increased in size due to the accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes as characterized by the expression of type II collagen mRNA during postnatal development. 3. BMP-4 mRNA was present in the anlage of the future condylar process and also in the ossifying mandibular body. 4. IHH mRNA was limited exclusively to the lower part of the proliferative zone and the upper part of the hypertrophic cartilage zone during condylar development. These findings were different from those in the growth-plate cartilage of the long bone, indicating a characteristic feature of the differentiation of the chondrocytes in the condylar cartilage present in prenatal and postnatal development. Furthermore, it was also suggested that chondroblasts of condylar cartilage rapidly differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes with increased functional Load force such as muscle activity and mastication.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2006

Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor (LSMFT) is a fibro-osseous lesion of the bone with a marked predilection for the intertrochanteric region of the proximal femur. It is characterized by a complex mixture of histological elements including fibrous dysplasia-like features, myxofibrous tissue, lipomatous area, ischemic ossification, xanthoma cells and pseudo-Paget's bone. Though some consider LSMFT as a variant of the fibrous dysplasia, intraosseous lipoma, or other benign osseous lesions, recently LSMFT is emerged as a genuine clinicopathologic entity. We experienced a 48-year female patient with typical histologic and radiologic findings of LSMFT. It was located at the intertrochanteric area of the femur. Radiologically, the lesion was radiolucent and ground-glass appearance with sclerotic rim in the plain film and magnetic resonance imaging. Histologically, myxofibrous tissue, lipomatous area and fibrous dysplasia-like features were predominant findings.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

Five days after hatching in Konosirus punctatus, the larvae were 5.86~6.21 mm (mean 5.96 mm) in TL and ossified parasphenoid, prefrontal, premaxillary, dentary. Sixteen days after hatching, the larvae were 9.66~10.18 mm (mean 9.96 mm) in TL and ossified prootic, opisthotic, ectopterygoid, and epihyal. Twenty-five days after hatching, the larvae were 11.02~12.64 mm (mean 11.03 mm) in TL and ossified supraclavicle, posttemporal, four actinost. Twenty-eight days after hatching, the larvae were 11.98~12.81 mm (mean 12.34 mm) in TL and ossified frontal, pterotic, epiotic, exoccipital, basioccipital, preorbital, maxillary, hyomadibular, preopercle, opercle, hypohyal. Thirty-six days after hatching, the larvae were 15.26~16.39 mm (mean 16.11 mm) in TL and ossified scapula. 37 days after hatching, the larvae were 15.33~16.87 mm (mean 16.25 mm) in TL and ossified ethmoid, nasal, parietal, supraoccipital, and suborbital. Forty-five days after hatching, the larvae were 20.01~21.83 mm (mean 21.14 mm) in TL, and the shoulder girdle was completed by coracoid formation. Forty-eight days after hatching, the larvae were 22.46~24.03 mm (mean 23.20 mm) in TL and ossified articular and subopercle. When the juvenile reached 27.11~34.09 mm (mean 30.11 mm) in TL (53 days after hatching) completed ossification of the cranium, vertebrae, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle, caudal bone, and pterygiophore.