• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

Plant-parasitic nematodes were surveyed at peach orchards in Gyeongbuk province for three years from 2000 to 2002. Species, density, frequency, Simpson's index, Shannon and Wiener index, and prominence value were analyzed. Plant-parasitic nematodes were isolated from 97 orchards out of 124 orchards. More important plant-parasitic nematode genera on peach were Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Criconemoides informis, Paratylenchus elachistus, Pratylenchus vulnus, and Helicotylenchus digonichus. Aphelenchus sp., Tylenchus sp., Heterodera sp., Scutellonema sp. were found, but were not important. Root-knot nematodes were not found even though they were serious in foreign countried.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.2 s.59
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• pp.119-125
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• 1984

In present work on plant parasitic nematodes, two genera and four species are newly recorded from Korea. The unrecorded species are as follow; Aphelenchoides parasaprophilus, Paraphelenchus myceliophthorus, Helicotylenchus belli, Quinisulcius capitatus.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.427-451
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• 1992

The nematodes associated with forest trees were surveyed in the National Parks and Mountains in Korea. A total of 73 species on 28 genera were identified from rhizosphere of 154 tree s species. Platycarya strobilacea, Ulmus davidiana and Acer ginnala were known to new host p plants of Meloinema kerongens. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was detected only in Pusan on Pi$\pi$us t thunbergii, B. mucronatus was detected in Cheju, Masan, and Chinhae. Insect parasitic nemat todes, Prothallonema intermedium, on P. rigida in Daegu, P. thunbergii in Cheju city, Namwonu up, Gujoa-up and Aewol-up. The number of nematode species according to forest trees was t the highest on P. thunbergii to 32 species, followed by 24 species on Abies holophylla, 20 species on Zelkova serrata, 19 species on Diospyros kaki, 18 species on Quercus acutissima, respectively. L Localities of distribution according to nematode species were as follows; Crico$\pi$emella i$\pi$formis i in 81, X. americanum in 74, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni in 51, C. macrodora in 35, H Hemicriconemoides varionodus and Ogma serratum in 31, Pararotylenchus pini in 25, H Hemicycliophora koreana in 24, Aphelenchus avenae and C. pseudohercyniensis in 24, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 1994

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparuata lugens, is the major pest 01 nce in Asla. Cument control tactics rely pnmalily on chemical ~nsecticides and resistant nce varieties In Korea, the most important biolog~cal conb-ol agent appears to be the naturally-occuning, mermlthid nematode, Agarnermrs unka. Although parasitism of BPH is highly variable from place to place and from year to year. the rnermithid is a promising biological control agent because it reduces the fecundity of the host and ultimately causes its death. The memithid has only one generation per year compared to the three to four generations of BPH, but the mermithid lemales stagger their egg production so that many individuals in all BPH generations are parastized. Augmentation of this rnermithld into BPH populations is only psslble on a limited scale because it is an obligate parasite and mass production technology has yet to be developed. Conservation of naturally-occumng populations through cultural techniques and the use of compatible resistant rice varieties and chemical insecticides may lead to an effective integrated pest management program for BPH.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2013

Plant parasitic nematodes were isolated from 274 soil samples collected from soybean fields in Korea. Nematode importance rating in soybean is proposed based on this study and by reviewing other reports. Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines is the most important nematode species and rated as $1^{st}$ because it detected from 38%(range 25-51%) of soil samples with high density except Jeju province. Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. is rated $2^{nd}$ and is more widely distributed in southern provinces, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, and Jeju province (detection rate ranged 16-44%). Pratylenchus is rated $3^{rd}$ and is more frequently detected from northern provinces such as Gyeonggi and Gangwon (detection rate ranged 10-13%). Helicotylenchus is rated $4^{th}$ and is particularly important in Jeju province (detection rate is 62% and numbers averaged 571 nematodes/$300cm^3$ soil), which is the main production area for sprouting soybean in Korea. Tylenchorhynchus, Paratylenchus, Criconema, Criconemoide, Mesocriconema, Ogma, Xiphinema, Paratrichodorus, and Trichodorus occur in low frequency and density, thus they are rated to $5^{th}$. We propose to delete following nematode genus from the list of soybean parasitic nematode in Korea because their parasitism on soybean is unconfirmed or negligible; Tylenchus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Ditylenchus, Hirschmanniella immamuri, Basiria graminophila, Psilenchus, and Pseudhalenchus. Therefore, we revised 30 species in 16 genera as soybean parasitic nematodes in Korea. Importance rating is $1^{st}$ Heterodera glycines, $2^{nd}$ Meloidogyne spp., $3^{rd}$ Pratylenchus spp. and $4^{th}$ Helicotylenchus spp. especially in Jeju province.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.255-263
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• 1999

Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated through the investigation of soil samples from various biotopes in south Korea, the efficiency of isolation for highly pathogenic nematodes to silkworms (Bombyx mori) was as high as 28 %. Twenty-eight strains of nematodes, selected among 100 samples by silkworms were confirmed the pathogenicity, multiplicity, and tolerance against various condition of preservation. Pathogenicity of the nematode isolates to agricultural and environmental pests such as Calliphora vomitoria, Pseufaletia separata, Palomena angulosa, and Melolontha incana were high. Mortality was varied from 20 to 100% by the pest insects and nematode strains. The high detectablity of entomopathogenic nematodes resulted from the methods of collection for soil samples within 10 cm depth after eliminating dried soil surface and the use of silkworm trap. High population of entomopathogenic nematodes represented the strong activity and broad action radius in the environment. Most of the nematode isolates were successfully cultured on the silkworm host as well as on artificial media, and proved their potential for the use of biological control agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2000

- Turfgrass insect pests and natura.l enemies for biological control were investigated to develop pest management effectively in golf courses at several golf clubs. Twenty eight insect pest species of 10 families in 6 orders were collected from golf courses. The zoysiagrass mite, Eriophyes zoysiae and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were also collected from zoysiagrass. White grubs of several scarab beetles and cutworms (Agrotis spp.) damaged seriously at most surveyed golf clubs. In addition, bluegrass webworm (Crambus sp.), Japanese lawngrass cutworm (Spodoptera depravata), scale insects, Tipula sp., and ants (Camponitus japonicus, Formica japonica, and Lasins japonicus) damaged turfgrasses directly or indirectly in golf courses. The entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema glaseri, and S. longicaudum, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and milky disease, Paenibacil/us popil/iae were isolated from white grubs or turfgrass soil as microbial control agents. Besides, dipteran predators, Cophinopoda chinensis, Philonicus albiceps, and Promachus yesonicus and hymenopteran parasitoid, Tiphia sp. were also collected. The P. yesonicus was the most active in golf courses. The root-knot nematode, M. incognita was found from Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella. and Cynodon dactylon.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.4 s.41
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• pp.169-175
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• 1979

A study on the plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) in JeJu province has been undertaken to know the kinds and distribution of the nemic fauna. The 42 samples taken from 28 kinds of host plants were used. 1. The 22 species belonging to 16 genera in 10 families were discovered in this study and among them Meloidogyne was the most common and widely distributed genus, composing $25\%$, followed by Helicotylenchus $15\%$, Criconemoides $14\%$, Tylenchus $10\%$, Pratylenchus $6\%$, Neolobocriconema $6\%$, Aphelenchus $6\%$, Aphelenchoides $6\%$, Hirshmaniella $3\%$, Heterodera $3\%$ Nothotylenchus $1\%$, Tylenchorhynchus $1\%$, Merlinius $1\%$, Rotylenchus $1\%$ Discocriconemella $1\%$ and Hemicriconemoides $1\%$. 2. The ll species belonging to 10 genera in 7 families such as Nothotylenchus acris, Tylenchorhynchus dubius, Merlinius nothus Pratylenchus minyus, Pratylenchus thornei, Hirshmaniella imamuri, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus erythrinae, Meloidogyne arenaria, Discocriconemella hengsungica and Aphelenchoides besseyi were newly discovered species in JuJu province.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 2002

The variety and density of entomopathogenic nematodes from the polluted soils of heavy metals were examined. In order to investigate the pollution of heavy metals in soil, 300 sites in kyungsangbuk-do were collected from March to October in 2001. We measured the contents of seven heavy metal elements (Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr^{6+}$, CN) and than cheesed soil of 25 sites with high concentration of heavy metals. The seven strains of nematodes were isolated from seven samples by silkworm host (Bombyx mori mori) and white trap. Isolated nematodes are composed of two families, one order. The members of Rhabditida were isolated in the soil with mean Cd content of 0.870 ppm. And they were isolated in the soil samples with As content less than 0.745 ppm. However they were isolated regardless of concentration of Cu and Pb. The members of Cylindrocorpidae were isolated in the soil samples with Cr^{6+}$ content less than 0.05 ppm. Any entomopathogenic nematode was not detected in the CN polluted soil. Isolated nematodes successfully cultured on the silkworm host and were confirmed the pathogenicity, multiplicity, and tolerance against various condition of preservation. Which proved its potential usefulness as biological agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 1988

Laboratory trials were conducted for control of onion maggot and tobacco cutworm with ento¬mogenous nematodes. The onion maggot, Delia antiqua, was exposed to Steinernema feltiae at concentration of 0,30,60, 120 or 240 nematodes per larva, and to Heterorhabditis heliot-hidis at concentration of 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 nematodes per larva. Mortalities of the maggot ranged from 80 to 100% in S. feltiae and from 63.3 to 100% in H. heliothidis. The tobacco cutworm, SpodoPtera litura was exposed to S. feltiae at concentration of 0,50,100,200 or 400 nematodes per larva and to H. heliothidis at concentration of 0,20,40,80 or 160 nemat¬odes per larva with or without kale in petri dish. The 3rd instar larvae of the tobacco cutworm was more susceptible to both nematode species than the 4th or 5th instar at low concentration. Mortalities of the 3rd instar were 100% in S. feltiae and 67.7-100% in H. heliothidis while those of 4th and 5th instar ranged 76.7-100% and 43.3-100% in S. feltiae, and 36.7-90% and 3.3-90% in H. heliothidis, respectively. Mortalities of the tobacco cutworm larvae decreased when the nematodes were sprayed on the kale leaves in petri dish except 3rd instar.