• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2003

The present study was designed to examine whether the fermented extract using the leaves of Pinus densiflora (FPD), has an ameliorative effect on the lipid metabolism in rats with hyperlipidemia. The body weight gain was attenuated by the adminstration of either 1-dose (2 ml/kg/day) or 2-dose (4 ml/kg/day) of FPD for 2 weeks compared with that of control or hyperlipidemia rats, while blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, sGOT, and sGPT were not altered. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and athelosclerotic index were partially restored by the administration of 2-dose of FPD in rats with hyperlipidemia without changes of serum HDL-cholesterol, total lipid, and triglyceride concentration. The FPD also partially ameliorated renal functional parameters including plasma cleatinine and creatinine clearance which were attenuated in rats with hyperlipidemia. These results suggest that FPD has an ameliorative effect on the lipid metabolism and renal function in rats with hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.225-229
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• 2003

In Oriental Medicine, hyperlipidemia is considered as the phlegm stagnancy(痰飮) and blood stasis(瘀血). Typhae Pollen helps remove blood stasis and hemorrhage and it also has an effect of relieving pains caused by blood stasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the curative effects of Typhae Pollen on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into normal, control and treated group. Control and treated group were fed with 1.5% cholesterol diet during 4 weeks, and fed with normal diet during next 4 weeks. Treated group was also administrated with extract of Typhae Pollen during last 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected from each of animals at 4, 6 and 8weeks, and used for the blood chemical analysis. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks, and chemical analysis was performed on the collected liver samples. The serum total cholesterol(47.82±2.03㎎/㎗), LDL-cholesterol(11.09±1.27㎎/㎗), HDL-cholesterol (19.64±1.23㎎/㎗), triglyceride(85.09±3.48㎎/㎗) values of treated group were significantly decreased compared with the serum total cholesterol(73.73±5.34㎎/㎗), LDL-cholesterol(22.09±3.09㎎/㎗), HDL-cholesterol(25.18±1.45㎎/㎗l), triglyceride(124.27±6.72㎎/㎗) values of control group at 8weeks. The liver total cholesterol and triglyceride values of treated group show no statistically significant differency compared with those values of control group. On the basis of these results, it is confirmed that Typhae Pollen has the curative effects on the hyperlipidemia in rats induced by hyper-cholesterol diets.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 1996

This study was conducted to analyse plant community structure by the altityed and slope in Tongdaesan area, Odaesan National Park. Sixty-three plots(each plots size was 100m$^{2}$) were set up and PWINSPAN and DCA method were used for vegetational structure analysis. Division of community was cleared altitude than part of slope With increasing elevation the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis increased, while those of Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula schmidtii, Cornus controversa decreased. Survey plots were divided into 6 groups by the TWINSPAN and DCA method. The divided groups are T. amurensis community(I), Q. mongolica community(II) of upper part of slope of east and west, Q. mongolica-T. amurensis community(III) of middle part of slope, Q. mongolica-F. mandshurica community(IV), Pinus densiflora-B. schmidtii-Carpinus laxiflora community(V) of low elevation of east, F. mandshurica-C. controversa community(VI)of low elevation of west. Also, vegetational change were showed slope of east and west in Tongdaesan except top area for the last twenty yeras.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1544-1548
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to learn the effects of ST36 ST44 and ST25 ST36 electroacupuncture stimulation on high fat diet-induced obese mouse. The control group was provided with high fat diet without electroacupuncture stimulation, while the experimental group received a electroacupuncture stimulation on ST36 ST44 and ST25 ST36 with three frequencies (10Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz) for 5 times a week during five week periods with the high fat diet. We investigated the body weight, weight gain, and food intake. After the electroacupuncture stimulation, a significant inhibition of increase in weight was found in the experimental group compared with the high fat diet group. But there were no significant differences made by the change of acupoint combinations and frequencies. After the electroacupuncture stimulation, no significant change was found in the food intakes, but the weight gain a week was decreased compared with the high fat diet group. Electroacupuncture stimulation may be effective in treatments of obesity to high fat diet, But no significant difference was found between three frequencies.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2016

The prevalence of renal disease is increased with the overweight and obesity. High fat diet-associated oxidative stress increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces apoptosis. There are two types of antioxidant defense mechanisms for oxidative stress. One is the enzyme defense mechanism by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The other is non-enzyme defense mechanism by signaling molecules such as nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf-2), HO-1. In this study, we induced obesity in mice with high fat diet for six weeks and thereafter administered orally Viola mandshurica for 4 weeks. V. mandshurica is known to clear heat, detoxify and cool blood, and subside a swelling effect. In the V. mandshurica administered group, the immunoreactive signal of the Tunel staining was weaker than that of obesity group. Proapoptotic Bax, caspase 3 immunoreactives of the V. mandshurica administered group was lower than those of obesity group, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 immunoreactity was higher in the V. mandshurica administered group. Antioxidant enzyme mechanism such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT) immunoreactives of the V. mandshurica administered group and Antioxidant non-enzyme mechanism such as Nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) immunoreactives of the V. mandshurica administered group was higher than those of obesity group. These results demonstrate that V. mandshurica had the antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects on obese mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2013

Abnormal regulation of glucose and impaired lipid metabolism that result from a defective or deficient insulin are the key etiological factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The our study evaluated the beneficial effect of diet supplementation with Lentinus edodes on hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group I(control) rats were fed standard diet (12% of calories as fat); group II (T2DM) rats were fed HFD (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks and then injected with STZ (50 mg/kg); group III and group IV rats were continually fed a diet containing 1% and 10% Lentinus edodes for 4 weeks after T2DM induction, respectively. After 4 weeks we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration were also measured. There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the Lentinus edodes supplement groups. The Lentinus edodes diet supplementation were found to have a potent lipid metabolism improvement as well as LDL concentration decreased and HDL concentration was increased. Concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c in the experimental groups II were significantly decreased after 4 weeks compared with the control group. The Lentinus edodes diet supplementation is useful in regulating the glucose level, improves the insulin, HbA1c, serum lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. We suggest that Lentinus edodes supplementation may have the control effects of diabetes mellitus by improving blood glucose control and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2013

We attempted to determine the action target of Shiitake mushroom extract with a known anti-hyperlipidemic effect in poloxamer(P) 407-induced hyperlipidemia model. We investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of the water extract from Shiitake mushroom on the progress of high fat diet for 4 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal diet; n=10), control group (hyperlipidemia; n=10), Experimental group I (hyperlipidemic rats treated with Shiitake mushroom extract (100 mg/kg, PO), n=10), Experimental group II (hyperlipidemic rats treated with Shiitake mushroom extract (300 mg/kg, PO), n=10), and Experimental group III (hyperlipidemic rats treated with Shiitake mushroom extract (500 mg/kg, PO), n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, visceral fat weight, blood lipid profiles, HMG-CoA reductase and histological findings. Body weight and epididymal fat weight was not significantly change in experimental groups (p>0.05). The level of total cholesterol, TG, arthrogenic index, and HMG-CoA reductase were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). These results suggested that the Shiitake mushroom extract administration may act by inhibitory the release of cholesterol related factors and HMG-CoA from the hepatocyte without liver and kidney cell damage in hyperlipidemia rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.831-836
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• 2009

The aims of this investigation was to examine the anti-obesity effects of oral administration with Mulberry leaves extraction in the high-fat diet induced obesity rats. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of the extract from Mulberry leaves on the progress of high fat diet for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal dieat; n=10), control group (high fat diet; n=10), I (Mulberry leaves extraction 100 mg/kg oral administration induced obesity; n=10), II (Mulberry leaves extraction 300 mg/kg oral administration; n=10), and III (Mulberry leaves extraction 500 mg/kg oral administration; n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, epididymal fat weight, blood lipid profiles, and fat histological findings. Body weights were significantly increase in control group than normal groups(p<0.05). The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). In histopathologic finding of fat-tissue around testicle experimental group I and II were more decreased than high fat diet-induced control group in fat cell size. These results suggested that the Mulberry leaves extraction oral administration made the increase of anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of mixtures of Atractylodes macrocephala (AM) and Amomum villosum (AV) water extracts in a ratio of 3:1 on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Oral administration of various concentrations with mixtures of AM and AV extracts in a ratio of 3:1 for 6 weeks inhibited HFD-induced increases of body, liver and epididymal fat weights in a dose-dependent fashions. Those effects may be mediated by decreased expressions of lipogenesis-related genes such as acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver. Also, increase of insulin and decrease of adiponectin in serum by HFD supply were inhibited by three different dosages of mixtures of AM and AV extracts in a ratio of 3:1. HFD supply induced increases of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol. However, hyperlipidemia was significantly decreased in dose-dependent manners by treatment with mixtures of AM and AV extracts. Based on the results of the present study, hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects by mixtures of AM and AV extracts were found in HFD-induced obesity model. Further clinical investigation is needed to develop anti-obesity therapeutic or preventive agents by using mixtures of AM and AV extracts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.348-355
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• 2017

Aster yomena (AY) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat cough, bronchial asthma, and insect bites in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice by AY ethanol extract. Lipid accumulation measurement indicates that AY markedly inhibited adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly down-regulated by AY treatment. And inhibited the expression of FAS, a protein responsible for lipid synthesis, transport and storage. Oral administration of AY (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg, P.O/daily for 4 weeks) was conducted in high-fat diet induced obese mice and C57BL/6 mice. AY was orally administered for 4 weeks to extract liver and epididymal fat, and hematoxylin and eosin staining(H&E staining) was observed. Observation showed that the fat concentration of liver tissue tended to decrease dose-dependently and decreased significantly at 500 mg/kg concentration. The AY-administered group of HFD-induced mice had a lower body weight gain, along with decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol compared with the control mice, however, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was increased. These results indicate that AY exhibits anti-obesity effects in obese mice by decreasing in serum lipid levels and lipogenesis related gene.