• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.329-347
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• 2020

When a person suggests an estimate under uncertainty, (s)he tend to rely on the information and number provided in advance. As a result, their final estimate would be assimilated to the initial value. This phenomenon is called "anchoring effect". The present research examined anchoring effects observed in law courts. Sentencing decision of jurors can be influenced by the sentence demanded by the prosecutor. Specifically, this study demonstrated the condition in which anchoring effect would be stronger and practical solutions for lowering anchoring effect. Study 1 demonstrated whether gravity of criminal cases and levels of anchor influenced anchoring effects. As expected, anchoring effect was stronger in a heavier criminal case than in a lighter one. When a low anchor was provided in a lighter case, anchoring effect was stronger compared to when a high anchor was provided. Study 2 examined how emotion affects anchoring effects. The results showed that anchoring effect appeared to be significantly stronger with feelings of anger than of sadness. Study 3 examined the solution for reducing anchoring effects in a court. When activation of selective-accessibility model was prevented, anchoring effects significantly decreased. These results can help solve the problems about juror judgmental bias and contribute to the development of Korean jury trial.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2023

This study was carried out to collect gas emitted from agricultural heaters using kerosene and to identify the emission concentration of carbon dioxide according to the age of agricultural heating machine. As a result of the linear regression analysis, the carbon dioxide emissions according to the year of agricultural heating machine are R² = 0.84, which follows y = 26.99x+721.98. Distributed analysis was classified into three groups according to the age of agricultural heating machine. As a result of the distributed analysis, it was 2.196×10^-13, which was smaller than the 0.05 probability set for the analysis, which means that there is a difference in at least one group. As a result, the age of the agriculture machine was divided into three groups and the difference between groups was tested. A statistical analysis result was derived that there was a difference in the emission concentration of carbon dioxide according to the age of agricultural heating machine. It is thought that it can be used to investigate greenhouse gas emissions by investigating the amount of carbon dioxide generated by agricultural heaters in the agricultural field of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.234-244
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• 2023

Tooth wear refers to the loss of dental hard tissue caused by various physiological and pathological causes, and excessive pathological wear can cause complications such as pathological changes in dimensions, occlusal disharmony, loss of function, and aesthetic problems. The cause of tooth wear can be caused by attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction, and it is known to act in a multifactorial etiology in interocclusal activity. In patients with excessive pathological wear, it is important to determine whether or not the vertical dimension of occlusion is reduced, and complete oral rehabilitation should be achieved with the adaptation of the neuromuscular and temporomandibular joint through accurate diagnosis and analysis. The patient in this case was a 63-year-old male patient, who presented discomfort to cold beverage due to severe tooth wear. After analysis of the patient's vertical dimension of occlusion, a full mouth rehabilitation was performed with increasing vertical dimension of occlusion. The goal of treatment was to improve the occlusal plane with the equal-intensity contact of all teeth, harmonious anterior guidance and immediate disclusion of all posterior contacts. After rehabilitation, the patient was satisfied with function and esthetic appearance.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.103-114
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• 1979

The authors observed the ultrastructure of the granular glands in the amphibian skin with an electron microscope. The specimens from the experimental animals (Bombina orientalis, Bufo bufo gargarizans, Rana nigromaculata and Rana rugosa) were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde fixative in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 prior to fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol and acetone, embedded in Epon 812 mixture, and sectioned with a LKB-ultramicrotome. the ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with a JEOL-100B electron microscope. The results were as follws: 1. The granular gland in the amphibian skin consisted of the glandular epithelial and the myoepithelial cells. 2. The epithelial cells of the granular gland in the amphibian skin consisted of the dark cells but the light cells were also observed in that of Bombina orientalis. 3. The granular glands of the amphibian skin were in holocrine fashion. 4. The nuclei of the epithelial cells of the amphibian cutaneous granular glands were round or oval and showed small and large inforldings of nuclear envelope. Heterochromatins were mainly distributed near the nuclear envelope. Mitochondria were mainly distributed in the perinuclear portion and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulums were developed in the cytoplasm but smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulums were not well developed. 5. Secretory granules were round or oval and electron-dense and less electron-dense granules were observed. 6. The authors infer that the differences in electron density of the secretory granules in the granular glands of the amphibian skin are due to difference in the concentrations of secretory substances as related to the processes of its formation, and that those chemical components are identical.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 1978

The authors observed the ultrastructure of the mucous glandular epithelial cells in the amphibian skin by mean of electron microscope. The specimens from the experimental animals were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-oaraformaldehyde fixative in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 prior to fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol and acetone, embedded in Epon 812 mixture, and sectioned with Sorvall MT-2 ultramicrotome. The ultrasections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with a JEOL-100B electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The cutaneous mucous glands in amphibia consisted of the glandular epithelial and the myoepithelial cells. 2. Several different cells in ultrastructure were observed in the mucous glandular epithelium of the adult amphibian skin. a. The dark and the light cells were observed in Hynobius leechi. b. The mitochondria-rich and the round secretory granule-containing cells were observed in Bombina orientalis. c. The round secretory granule-containing and the foam-like granule mass-containing cells were observed in Kaloula tornieri. d. The cutaneous mucous gland of Rana nigromaculata were divided into two types: A and B-type glands. In the A-type mucous gland, the mitochondria-rich and the round secretory granule-containing cells and in the B-type mucous gland, the mitochondria-rich, the secretory granule-containing and the ER-rich cells were observed. 3. Based upon the above findings, the authors infer that the mucous granular epithelium of the amphibian skin consists of the mitochondria-rich undifferentiated, the secetory granule-containing and mature, and the ER-rich evacuated cells.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

This study assumed two key parameters that describe smoothness. Previously, the number of studies that defined smoothness with the concept of curvature has been limited. The parameters were the two physical characteristics of curvature: the number of waves and the amplitude of them. The purpose of the study was to observe which of the two parameters influences the perception of smoothness and to examine the relationship between the sense of aesthetic beauty and smoothness. The visual stimuli used in the study were transformed three-dimensional spheres, based on the combination of the three levels of the two parameters of nine distinct conditions. We analyzed the three responses that measured the preference of each visual stimuli, the familiarity score, and the smoothness evaluation score, each with the linear mixed model whose fixed effects were the two parameters and random effects were the participants' individual differences. Nearly the eighty percent of the variance of the smoothness evaluation score was explained by the linear model with the two key parameters and their interaction. The physical characteristics of a viewed object were far more significant than individual differences such as personality factors and the manner of art appreciation. In conclusion, the study examined the perception of smoothness based on the change of the physical characteristics of a shape. The study further recognized the relationship between smoothness and the aesthetic preference. No significant influence of the participants' individual difference such as gender, the degree in fine arts, personality factors, and the manner of art appreciation was observed. The amplitude of waves, rather than the number of them, was far more significant to the perception of smoothness.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.529-546
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• 2009

Depression in old age not only is prevalent but also causes a considerable amount of burden in physical, psychosocial, and economic terms. Intervention, however, is often delayed due to the understanding that considers depressive symptoms as a normal process of aging or signs of physical illnesses. Since the recognition of symptoms often initiate one's help seeking process, a correct identification of symptoms can contribute to early detection and intervention to depression in oneself as well as in others. This study interviewed 104 older adults living in an urban area, and explored their ability to correctly identify depressive symptoms and factors related to identification. The study results show that respondents who were able to correctly identify symptoms of depression were only 14%, and the rest defined the symptoms as social, economic, and other psychological issues. Of the factors in the logistic regression model, age being 75 and over and mass media as source of mental health information affected negatively their ability to correctly identify symptoms; mental health education programs affected positively their ability. Based on these results, it is suggested that such strategies as employing a face-to-face provision of concrete information and counseling can be more effective than delivering information via large-scale lectures. Additionally, a future research deems necessary to conduct an in-depth examination of mental health/illness-related contents on mass media.

• 지역과문화
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2019

This study focused at the local and historical characteristics of Busan from the perspective of local culture, along with the local characteristics of Busan. Busan's local cuisine has been reborn and continues to this day, influenced by the geographical and historical characteristics of the place. Places are not merely spatial points marked by coordinates, but are also semantics that include the human experience and emotional aspects of living in them. A place is a mix of culture, a human response to the visible environment and the environment. An understanding of a place provides a basis for understanding personal geography, culture, and history. .One of the specialties of an area with its location is the local cuisine. Local cuisines are not immutable, as they can change according to the characteristics of the area and the preferences of the residents. Busan's local cuisines reflect the geographical features of the city, and include Busan's historical experiences. First, anchovies and eel are well known for their location as ports bordering the sea. Second, Dongnae Pajeon and Sanseong Makgeolli are made using marine products and grains. Thirdly, during Japanese occupation, fish cake and sliced raw fish was enjoyed by residence in Busan. And finally, Milmyun and Pork Soup, the food made by refugees who came down to Busan and settled down during the 1·4 retreat. The local cuisine, which represents an area, goes beyond simply being eaten, enjoyed, and consumed as a commodity, and is a symbol of the geographical and historical characteristics of the area.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 2019

In 1964, Roman Catholic Church declared that 'Christ is the light of mankind' at the Second Vatican Council. Pope John Paul II also proclaimed the 'The Mysteries of the Light of Christ' in 2002. For past two centuries, the fact that Christ is the light was emphasized and people were urged to realize the mysteries by focusing on 'Christ of light' and 'Christ who shines like the sun'. This study examined the meaning of living up to 'the Mysteries of the Light of Christ' through analytic psychological perspective on the symbolism of 'the mysteries of light.'in the Rosary. In order to study symbolism of 'the Mysteries of Light' from analytic psychological perspective, this study dealt with the symbolic meaning of images appeared in 'the mysteries of light' of the Rosary. That is, the symbolism of images was revealed'the mysteries of light'has been testifying for Christ the light in the Bible. Those images represented the Baptism, Wedding at Gana, the Kingdom of God, Transfiguration of Christ, and the Last Supper. To live up to the 'The mystery of Christ the light' means to assimilate the unique Self with the image of 'Christ the light'. in other words, the study has meaningful findings that the personality which became conscious and individuation through experiencing the opposites existed as 'the light of the world' or 'the light of the ages'.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2024

The gradual teeth wear with age is a natural phenomenon, but excessive wear beyond physiological levels can lead to vertical dimension loss, occlusal imbalance, temporomandibular joint disorders, and periodontal disease. In such cases, prosthodontic restoration becomes necessary emphasizing the importance of appropriate vertical dimension increase and stable occlusion in central relation (CR). In this case, a 74-year-old patient with clenching and grinding habit had severe teeth wear and after assessing interocclusal distance, wear degree, pronunciation, and facial profile, it was decided to perform full-mouth fixed prosthesis restoration with a 4 mm vertical dimension increase. And the significantly displaced Maximum Intercuspal Position (MICP) caused by parafunctional movements was re-established as a stable mutually protective occlusal relationship at centric relation and after a successful 4 months adaptation to provisional restorations, the final prosthesis was fabricated. During 4months of observation periods, stable occlusion in central relation and mutual protection occlusal relationships were maintained and the patient was satisfied with function and aesthetics, leading to this report.