• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.169-203
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• 2022

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology advances, the number of cases in which AI becomes an object or subject of moral judgment is increasing, and this trend is expected to accelerate. Although the area of AI in human society expands, relatively few studies have been conducted on how people perceive and respond to AI. Three studies examined the effect of the anthropomorphism of AI on its responsibility. We predicted that anthropomorphism would increase the responsibility perception, and perceived agency and perceived patiency for AI would mediate this effect. Although the manipulation was not effective, multiple analyses confirmed the indirect effect of perceived patiency. In contrast, the effect of perceived agency of AI was somewhat mixed, which makes the hypothesis partially supported by the overall result. This result shows that for the moral status of artificial agents, perceived patiency is relatively more critical than perceived agency. These results support the organic perspective on the moral status that argues the importance of patiency, and show that patiency is more important than agency in the anthropomorphism related study of AI and robots.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

This study examines the labor market performance of graduates who had student loans. Compared to earlier studies, we extended analyses to all jobs that were experienced for more than 18 months after graduation. First, we found that students who had student loans earned 2.81% less at their first job compared to their counterparts without student loans. Second, the wage gap decreased over time, a reduction of 0.66%p due to labor market turnovers. Third, when we compared cumulated labor income, however, the amount for borrowers were continuously higher. This is because the job searching period of a borrower was shorter, despite relatively lower wages at the first job, and borrowers also made more frequent job turnovers, accompanying relatively more wage increases. These results suggest that the negative effects of college loans on earnings, reported in previous studies, may have exaggerated the negative impact to some extent of having loans. However, when we look at the quality of jobs beyond simply wages, the proportion of borrowers working at large companies as regular workers was consistently low. Given that job conditions at the earlier stages of one's career may lead to gaps over time, our findings call for more systematic investigations into the effects that student loans have on long-term labor performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.225-236
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• 2023

Policy implications were derived by comparing/analyzing innovative SMEs and general SMEs that obtained innovation certification from 2015 to 2021 in terms of survival period. Work experience, scale (employment, capital and debt size, sales and operating profit) Korean standard industry classification (2 digit) was used to select general SMEs similar to innovative SMEs. Survival period was calculated by defining suspension, closure and overdue equivalent to default as events. As a result of the survival analysis, innovative SMEs showed a 9.8% reduction in the risk of delinquency compared to general SMEs, indicating that the survival period of innovative SMEs was significantly longer. In addition, it was found that the work experience and size (employment, capital) of SMEs had a positive effect on the survival period, but debt had a negative effect on the survival period. This means that the innovation certification system centered on innovation capabilities and future growth potential is a significant indicator in terms of survival period. As a result, it was concluded that the benefits and support policies provided by the innovation certification system need to be more systematic and sophisticated by reflecting the work experience and industry for the actual growth and survival of SMEs.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2024

In the face of an impending demographic cliff, this research delves into geographical disparities in socioeconomic statuses and living arrangements of young single women in rental housing and also to explore influential factors of their residential assessment and housing expenditure. From the Korean Housing Survey of 2020, the cross-sectional study identified 847 unmarried female single-person householders aged between 20 and 39 in four districts - Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon Area (GIA) of Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and metropolises and non-metropolises of non-SMA. The empirical analyses revealed that regardless of regions, most of the respondents were college-educated, salaried employees in late 20s living in a studio flat, seldom bore debt and barely relied on social services. Renters in SMA, employment rate, income and living expenses were higher than those in non-SMA and they resided in small, old but adequate housing with a separate bedroom. In particular, Seoulites suffered from housing cost overburden but most singles in GIA benefited from the lowest housing burden. While the main determinant of residential assessment was livability, housing satisfaction was additionally affected by old housing and the satisfaction with residential environment was also explained by urban amenities. Despite geographical variations, housing expenditure was primarily driven by income and employment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episode (MELAS) is a rare maternally inherited disorder primarily caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, notably the m.3243A>G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene. This mutation impairs mitochondrial function crucial for cellular energy production, particularly in high-energy-demanding organs such as the brain and muscles. MELAS manifests as recurrent stroke-like episodes, seizures, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, and other multisystemic symptoms that are often present in childhood. The diagnosis combines genetic testing, clinical evaluation, and neuroimaging, with elevated lactate levels and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as key indicators. Treatment focuses on symptomatic management and enhancement of mitochondrial function through L-arginine, coenzyme Q10, high-dose vitamins, and taurine supplementation. Studies have identified additional genetic variants linked to MELAS, including mutations in POLG and other mitochondrial genes, further complicating the genetic landscape. Emerging therapies, particularly gene therapy and mitochondria-targeting drugs, offer promising avenues for addressing the underlying genetic defects and improving mitochondrial functioning. Furthermore, ongoing studies continue to enhance our understanding and management of MELAS, with the aim of reducing its burden and improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genetics, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MELAS, highlighting the latest advancements and future directions for therapeutic interventions.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.859-873
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• 2008

Job satisfaction impacts on the turnover intention of employee, which affects the turnover behavior. This paper concerns with the impact of job satisfaction on the turn over behavior. Since turnover intention is highly correlated with job satisfaction, salary, employment status and etc, we should pay careful attention for modelling of those variables as independent variables and the turnover behavior as a dependent variable in the empirical study for the impact of factors on turnover behavior. We detect significant variables which effect the turnover behavior using 2-stage logistic regression inserting the turnover intention, an independent variable, with the chance estimates derived from the instrumental variables in Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4107-4118
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• 2012

This is a descriptive correlation study to identify health status and affecting factors related to job among Korean women employees. Data were obtained from women employees aged 20 to 64 using the Korean Working Conditions Survey 2006(KWCS). Stepwise multiple regression analysis using SAS version 9.1 was performed to identify affecting factors on physical and psychological health status related to job among Korean women employees. Musculoskeletal work-load was the most significant factor affecting on both physical and psychological health status. Modification of work environment to relieve musculoskeletal work-load, systemic health management and health education needs to be given to women employees who were exposed to high musculoskeletal work-load.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5534-5542
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• 2014

The defense industry plays a larger role than merely maintaining national security; it also has ripple effects in society, such as employment growth through increased domestic demand and advancement of industrial structures. In this study, the factors affecting the defense industry were divided into military support and government support. Previous research dealing with the correlation of management of the defense industry and each of these important factors was then investigated and analyzed. These results are believed to contribute to growth of the defense industry through building an environment that positively affects the defense industry's growth, profitability and productivity, and achieves higher business performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.422-432
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• 2015

The government provides various support systems for small-medium companies who perform a vital role for hiring and manufacturing: focusing on activating of start-up. Various governmental supports have been made and these entrepreneurship support systems have been contributed a certain point to start-up activation. Based on precedent study, this study has been setup the independent variables as five factors: mainly tax support system, financial support system, technology support system, management support system, self-employment infrastructure support program and empirically completed with the hypothesis how independent variables affect entrepreneurial intention. In this study, surveys which consist of measurements and questions allowing drawing variables and verifying the relationship between variables, and empirical study methods that prove in accordance with statistics process of measured data were implemented. To conclude, the results are as follows. It was showed in supplemental analysis performed through path analysis that tax support system and financial support system influence entrepreneurial intention.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Economic factors are important in improving life satisfaction of disabled people. In addition, the impact of job satisfaction on life satisfaction has been verified. However, according to Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, hygiene factors such as wages only lowers dissatisfaction and does not directly affect job satisfaction. This study raises questions about Herzberg's theory and seeks to confirm through empirical analysis. Based on data from the 2017 Employment Panel Survey for the Disabled, this study seeks to answer analyzes whether hygiene factors proposed by Herzberg affect the job satisfaction of disabled people or not. Furthermore, this study proposes what regional policies are needed to enhance job satisfaction for the disabled. An analysis of structural equation model showed that hygiene factors such as working environment, interpersonal relationship and personal life directly affect the disabled worker's job satisfaction. In addition, through hierarchical linear model analysis, it was confirmed that local governments ought to provide education supports to the disabled workers in order to improve their job satisfactions.