• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2004

This study analyzed temperature increase, microorganism changes, and inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in pig slurry when treated with thermophilic microorganisms in Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation(TAO) system. An amount of $6 m^3$ of pig slurry was treated in an $18 m^3(3.0\times2.5\times2.4 m)$ reactor for 5 to 7 days in two groups: the control of pig slurry only and the treatment of pig slurry with 6 liters of thermophilic microorganism(Bacillus sp.). To study the microorganism changes in the reactor, the populations of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, thermophilic microorganisms and general pathogens were analyzed. To study the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, the levels of E. coli, Salmonella sp, Crytosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia were analyzed. The temperature inside the reactor ranged from 18 to $62^{\circ}C$ for the control while far the treatment group it ranged from 18 to $66^{\circ}C$, showing a slightly higher array. With regard to changes in microorganisms, both mesophilic and thermophilic organisms decreased from $3.1\times10^6$ to $1.2\times10^2$ CFU/ml and from $1.0\times10^4$ to $8.0\times10^1$ CFU/ml, respectively, in the control. In the treatment, on the other hand, mesophilic organisms decreased from $3.0\times10^8$ CFU/ml to $8.6\times10^5$ CFU/ml while thermophilic organisms increased sharply from $2.0\times10^6$ to $1.2\times10^8$ CFU/ml. For pathogens, Salmonella and Giardia were not detected either before or after the treatment, while E. coli and C. parvum were found to be $10^5$ CFU/ml each before treatment and negative after it. From this experiment, it was concluded that thermophilic microorganisms could effectively sanitize liquid compost by generating high temperature in the TAO system, which in turn would inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 1988

극한환경을 구성하는 중요한 환경인자는 온도, 수소이온농도, 염도, 압력, 물, 영양물질 등이 있는데 본 총설에서는 그동안 비교적 많이 다루어지지 않았던 알칼리성환경, 건조환경, 저영양환경, 심해환경과 같은 극한환경과 아울러 특수환경인 해양환경, 지하환경 등으로 나누어 설명했다. 고염환경과 고영양환경, 혐기성환경은 다른 저자에 의해 자세히 다루어지고 고온환경, 산성환경, 극지환경 등은 지면상 이유로 제외했다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2019

This study was performed to investigate the effect of heat-stressed environment on rumen microbial diversity in Holstein cows. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured and rumen fluid was collected under normal environment (NE; Temperature humidity index (THI)=64.6) and heat-stressed environment (HE; THI=87.2) from 10 Holstein cows (60±17.7 months, 717±64.4 kg) fed on the basis of dairy feeding management in National Institute of Animal Science. The rumen bacteria diversity was analyzed by using the Illumina HiSeq^TM 4000 platform. The rectal temperature and respiratory rate were increased by 1.5℃ and 53 breaths/min in HE compared to that in NE, respectively. In this study, HE exposure induced significant changes of ruminal microbe. At phylum level, Fibrobacteres were increased in HE. At genus level, Ruminococcaceae bacterium P7 and YAD3003, Butyrivibrio sp. AE2032, Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium NK3D112, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lachnospiraceae bacterium FE2018, XBB2008, and AC2029, Eubacterium celulosolvens, Clostridium hathewayi, and Butyrivibrio hungatei were decreased in HE, while Choristoneura murinana nucleopolyhedrovirus, Calothrix parasitica, Nostoc sp. KVJ20, Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047, Fibrobacter sp. UWB13 and sp. UWB5, Lachnospiraceae bacterium G41, and Xanthomonas arboricola were increased in HE. In conclusion, HE might have an effect to change the rumen microbial community in Holstein cows.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 1990

Dibenzothiophene, crude oil and bunker C oil were used in the microbial desulfurization experiments using thermophilic and mesophilic strains of Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Mesophilic Desulforvibrio desulfuricans M6 showed the degrees of sulfur removal about 42% and 17% from dibenzothiophene and crude oil, respectively. Thermophilic Desulfovibrio thermophilus showed the degrees of sulfur removal about 68% and 33% from dibenzothiophene and bunker C oil. The strains of Desulfotomaculum were much less efficient than strains of Desulfovibrio. The latter have more complex and stronger gydrogen metabolism. These results showed that desulfurization is closely related to the hydrogen metabolism of the sulfate reducing bacteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.207-211
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• 2005

시중의 정육점 및 백화점 등에서 유통 중인 10종의 돈육 원료에 대한 일반 세균수, 저온균수, 고온균, 혐기성균 및 진균류, 대장균군에 대한 미생물학적 분포와 병원성 미생물에 대한 분리${\cdot}$동정을 실시하였다. 실험결과 원료 돈육에서 중온균은 $3.9{\times}10^2{\sim}3.9{\times}10^5\;cfu/g$으로 높은 분포를 보였고, 저온균은 $1.5{\times}10^3{\sim}8.6{\times}10^2\;cfu/g$, 혐기성균은 중온균, 저온균과 유사한 분포를 보였으나 상대적으로 적게 검출되었고, 고온균은 모든 검체에서 검출되지 않았다. 대장균군 또한 모든 검체에 대해서 검출되지 않았으며, 곰팡이와 효모 등 진균류는 $3.8{\times}10^1{\sim}5.1{\times}10^2\;cfu/g$으로 검출되었다. B. cereus 는 돈육 sample B와 J에서 분리되었고, S. aureus의 경우 돈육 sample B에서만 검출되었다. B. cereus는 99.8%의 상동성을 보였고, S. aureus는 97.8%의 상동성을 보였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 1989

A gene coding for a xylanase of thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17 was cloned in Escherichia coli C600 with pBR322. Plasmid pAXl13 was isolated from a transformant producing xylanase, and the xylanase gene was located in a 4.3 Kb HindIII fragment. Biotinylated pAXl13 hybridized to a 4.3 Kb HindIII fragment from chromosomal DNA of thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17. The xylanase activity was observed in the extracellular curture fluid of E. coli carrying pAXl13. The pAXl13-encoded xylanase had the same enzymatic properties as those of xylanase I produced by thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the densities and taxonomic characteristics of various microorganisms that play important roles in Agaricus bisporus culture medium composting, and examined changes in the levels of decomposition-related enzymes secreted by these microorganisms. Various microorganisms such as thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., and filamentous bacteria are closely associated with culture medium composts of Agaricus bisporus. The population densities of microorganisms change, and harmful bacteria disappear during thermophilic composting. Psychrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. accounted for the highest proportion of bacteria in the culture media during outdoor composting, whereas Bacillus sp. and Psychrobacillus sp. were dominant after pasteurization. Cellulose and hemicellulose enzymes of the microorganisms were important at an early stage of rice straw composting and after decomposition of carbon sources, respectively. Microorganisms that secreted these enzymes were present in the second and third turning stage of composting.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1998

In order to investigate microbiological control of malodors, particularly including ammonia, the effect of three thermophilic ammonium tolerant bacteria strains. TAT112. TAT117 and TAT119, were tested during composting of pig manure in the laboratory scale composters. The total weight, volatile solids and BOD of the pig manure compost were decreased during composting process in all treatments. The temperature in all treatments rose in first 3 days dramatically, but that in control without inoculation reached its maximum most lately among the treatments. The nitrogen content of drain water accumulated inside and outside composter, and trapped in 6N $H_2SO_4$ was lower in TAT112 inoculated composter than in control. However, it was not lower in the treatment of TAT117 and TAT119 inoculated. Ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas monitored everyday during composting also demonstrated that it was lowest at TAT112 inoculated among all treatments. It was appeared to have an effect on reducing ammonia emission at the treatment of TAT112 inoculated than the control.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

A thermophilic microorganism, which is able to hydrolyze starch, was isolated from soil and compost in Korea. It was Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase positive, nonmotile, glucose and mannitol fermentative, xylose oxidative, and spore forming microorganism. It also has an ability to hydrolyze casein and gelatin. The color of colony was yellowish white. The sequence of 16S rDNA of strain 2719 showed 99.5% sequence homology with the sequence of 16S rDNA of Bacillus thermoglucosidasius. On the basis of biochemical and physiological properties and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strain was named as Bacillus thermoglucosidasius 2719.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

Some of thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Pleurotus ostreatus were isolated from compost during high temperature fermentation process. The temperature optima of 7 isolated thermophilic fungi were $50^{\circ}C$ on PDA media. Isolated strains S-1 and S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate, so these isolates were expected as excellent thermophilic fungi for high temperature composting and mycelial growing of oyster mushroom. In liquid culture, the optimal pH of thermophilic fungi observed variously, pH 7.0-10.0 but most of thermophilic fungi grow well in pH 8.0-pH 9.0 and the final pH of media after cultured was done pH 5.5-6.0. In liquid culture of thermophilic fungi on the optimal condition, S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate. The growing rate of thermophilic fungi S-1, S-2, S-5, and S-10 on lignocellulosic substrates was good but Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, well know thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Agaricus bisporus, was poor and which was well grown on PDA at $50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0. Isolated strain S-1 was identified as Trichophyton sp. and other 6 strains were identified as Sepedonium sp. by morphological characteristics.