• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 1989

The fatty acid composition of lipids separated from 14 kinds of canned fish and shellfish products from the market were examined. The crude lipid contents of canned fish and shellfish products showed wide difference (1.3-15.2%) depending on raw materials and kinds of products. Fatty acid composition of products were mainly consisted of polyenoic acid(34.5-61.4%), and followed by saturated acid(24.5-47.8%), monoenoic acid(12.4-32.0%). The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In case of canned tuna in oil and canned smoked oyster in oil, linoleic acid was the most predominant component(48.2%, 34.6%). Judging from the results, canned fish and shellfish products were abundant of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in spite of the high temperature sterilization and lone storage periods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.229-229
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• 2010

본 실험에서는 $CuInSe_2$, 3원물질을 화학량론적 조성비가 되도록 박막을 제조하기 위해 각 단위원소를 원자비에 맞춰 전자선가열 진공증착기를 사용하여 Cu, In, Se 순으로 증착하였다. $10^{-3}$torr 이상의 진공석영관에서 열처리와 동시에 Selenization을 통해 제작된 $CuInSe_2$박막은 열처리온도 $250^{\circ}C$에서는 $Cu_xSe$, CuSe등의 2차상들이 나타나다가 $450^{\circ}C$이상의 고온에서 $CuInSe_2$ 단일상을 형성하였다. 이로부터 진공중에서 반응을 시켰을 때, 더 낮은 온도에서 반응이 일어나고 열역학적으로 보다 안정한 소수의 화합물들이 쉽게 형성됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 $250^{\circ}C$에서는 Sphalerite 구조를 가지다가 $350^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서 Selenization하였을 때 Chalcopyrite 구조를 가졌다. 박막이 두꺼워지면서 결정립의 크기가 커지고 응력이 작아지는 특성을 보였다. 에너지 밴드갭은($E_g$)은 Cu/In 성분비율이 클수록 작은값을 보였으며, 결절립크기가 증대되므로 결국 흡수계수가 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 또한 두께가 증가할수록 전반적으로 흡수계수가 증가하였고 Cu/In의 성분비율이 0.97일 때 기초흡수파장은 1,169nm이고 에너지밴드갭은 1.06eV이었으며, 두께 $1.5{\mu}m$이상일 때 전반적으로 양호한 상태의 p-type $CuInSe_2$ 박막을 제작 하였다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

A microlens array (MLA) was developed based on the wet-etched quartz substrate and coating of UV adhesive on the substrate for maskless lithography application. The developed MLA has the focal length of ${\sim}45\;{\mu}m$ and the spot size of ${\sim}1\;{\mu}m$. The spot size of the focused beam passing through the MLA was detected by CCD camera, and its intensity was monitored by beam profiler. Uniform spots with nearly identical intensities were observed on the focal plane when a beam passes through the fabricated MLA. The focal length was varied depending on thickness of the coated UV adhesive. The thicker the thickness of the UV adhesive was, the shorter the focal length of the MLA was. With a general mask aligner, UV beam focusing was tested onto photoresist (PR). The beams were well focused onto PR when UV passes through the MLA. Depending on the variable distances from the MLA, beam sizes onto PR were controlled. Even at high temperature for a long time, the performances of the MLA were not changed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Morphological characteristics, developmental period, and seasonal occurrence of Adeia leucomelas (L.) were investigated from 1999 to 2000. In addition, consumption of sweetpotato as food was also examined. Adults of A. leucomelas were dark-brown and body lengths of females and males were 20.2 mm and 18.9 mm, respectively, Wing expanse of female and male was 33.7 mm and 29.4mm, respectively. Egg was flat round-shape. Larva was light yellow-green to dark-brown with 3.3-53.5 mm. Pupa was deep-brown and 15.1 mm in length. Developmental periods of A. leucomelas from egg to adult emergence at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30$^{\circ}$C were 108.5, 70.7, 40.2, and 29.1 days, respectively, Developmental threshold (DT) and effective accumulative temperatures were estimated as 10.7$^{\circ}$C and 67.5 DD in egg stage, 11.0$^{\circ}$C and 275.1 DD in larval stage and 9.3$^{\circ}$C and 244.6 DD in pupal stage, respectively. The longevity of adult female was shortened with increment of temperature, whereas the total numbers of eggs laid by a female were increased. The larvae of A.leucomelas occurred from mid-June to early October, and population reached its peak during early to mid-September in Jeonbuk province. Food consumption of A. leucomelas was highest at 20-25$^{\circ}$C. Food consumption of 1 st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th larvae of A. leucomelas per day at 25$^{\circ}$C was 0.4, 3.6, 19.6, 40.7, and 78.9 $\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on the development and seasonal occurrence of Chrysopa pallens Ramber, a predator of aphids. Mean developmental periods of C. pallens from egg to adult emergence at four different temperatures of 17, 22, 27, and $30^{\circ}C$ were 39.5, 32.0,25.0, and 19.8 days, respectively. The longevities of adult females of C. pallens at the four temperatures were 84.7, 79.6, 77.7, and 69.8 days, respectively, whereas the total numbers of eggs laid by a female were 973, 1085, 1637, and 1735, respectively. Egg hatchability, rate of adult emergence, and sex ratio of C. pallets were slighty higher with increased temperature with 84.1~95.9%, 67.6~86.3%, and 1:1. Under three humidity conditions of 35, 55 and 75% RH, the mean developmental periods of C. pallets from egg to adult emergence at the $27^{\circ}C$ were 26, 24, and 22.9 days, respectively, while the number of eggs laid by a female were 1042.8, 1526.5, and 1640.0, respectively. Oviposition of C. pallets usually began 5~6 days after the emergence at $27^{\circ}C$. Then females laid ca. 30~40 eggs a day, reaching a peak of 80~90 eggs a day about 22~28 days after the emergence. Population fluctuation of M. persicae and A. gossypii showed the highest peak in late May through the mid-June, and the second peak appeared in early~mid-September. The adult occurrence of C. pallens by the light trap record started from mid-May, and show two peaks, in mid-late July and mid-late September in Chonbuk area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.306-314
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• 2006

Instrumented indentation technique is a new way to evaluate nondestructive such mechanical properties as flow properties, residual stress and fracture toughness by analyzing indentation load-depth curves. This study evaluated quantitatively the flow properties of steels and residual stress of weldments. First, flow properties can be evaluated by defining a representative stress and strain from analysis of deformation behavior beneath the rigid spherical indenter and the parameters obtained from instrumented indentation tests. For estimating residual stress, the deviatoric-stress part of the residual stress affects the indentation load-depth curve, so that by analyzing the difference between the residual-stress-induced indentation curve and residual-stress-free curve, the quantitative residual stress of the target region can be evaluated. The algorithm for flow property evaluation was verified by comparison with uniaxial tensile test and the residual stress evaluation model was compared to mechanical cutting and ED-XRD results.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.419-426
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• 2006

A thermophilic microorganism, strain JE 375, which produces a thermostable protease, was isolated from soil and compost in Korea. This gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase positive, motility positive, and hemolysis ${\beta}$ containing organism was implicated in glucose fermentation, mannitol fermentation, xylose oxidation, aerobic activity and spore formation. The color of the colony was yellowish white. The temperature range for growth at pH 6.5 was between 55 and $70^{\circ}C$, with an optimum growth temperature of $65^{\circ}C$. This result confirmed the strain JE 375 as a thermophilic microorganism. The enzyme was produced aerobically at $65^{\circ}C$ during 20 hr in a medium (pH 6.5) containing 1% trypton. 1% maltose, 0.5% yeast extract and 1% NaCl. The 16S rDNA of strain JE 375 had 97.6% sequence similarity with the 16S rDNA of Bacillus caldoxyloyticus. On the basis of biochemical and physiological properties and phylogenetic analysis, we named the isolated strain as Bacillus sp. JE 375. The thermostable protease from Bacillus sp. JE 375 had been partially purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme was deduced from SDS-PAGE and gel chromatography as 55 kDa and its optimal temperature was $60^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed its highest activity at pH 7.5 and was stable from pH 7.0 to 8.0.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2014

To investigate the plating properties of a diethylene glycol-based Ag immersion plating solution containing citric acid, silver immersion plating was performed in a range from room temperature to $50^{\circ}C$ using sputtered Cu specimens. The used Cu specimens possessed surface structure with large numbers of pinholes which were created with over-acid etching. The Ag immersion plating performed at $40^{\circ}C$ exhibited that the pinholes and copper surface were completely filled with Ag just after 5 min mainly due to galvanic displacement reaction, indicating the best plating properties. Subsequently, the surface morphology of Ag-coated Cu became rougher as the plating time increased to 30 min because of the deposition of silver nanoparticles created by chemical reduction in the solution. The specimen that its overall surface was covered with silver indicated the start of oxidation at temperature higher than around $50^{\circ}C$ in air as compared with pure Cu, indicating enhanced anti-oxidation properties.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2014

Catalytic gasification of raw coals at mild condition is not realized yet mainly due to deactivation of catalysts via their irreversible interaction with mineral matters in coal. In this work, the gasification behavior of ash-free coal (AFC) was compared with that of the parent raw coal. In order to modify the gasification conditions, the raw coal gasified with fixed variables (water supply, space velocity, temperature, catalysts) in a fixed bed reactor. When catalysts are added by physical mixing method with coal, $K_2CO_3$ was the most effective additives for steam gasification of coal. However, the activity of ash-free coal (AFC) was much less reactive than raw coal due to high temperature extraction in a 1-methylnaphthalene under 30bar at $370^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, almost removed oxygen functional groups, and increased carbonization. The addition of $K_2CO_3$ in AFC achieved higher conversion rate at low temperature ($700^{\circ}C$). At that time, the molar ratio of gases ($H_2/CO$ and $CO_2/CO$) was increased because of water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) by addition of catalysts. This shows that catalytic steam gasification of AFCs is achievable for economic improvement of gasification process at mild temperature.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.564-573
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• 2016

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) for improving horticultural usefulness. Seeds were collected around Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do in October of 2011 and experimented upon while being dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ (darkness). Seed length of a major and minor axis were 1.58 ± 0.060 and 0.21 ± 0.016 ㎜, respecrively, and weight of 1,000 seeds was 6.24 ± 0.172 ㎎. Seeds were thus classified as ‘dwarf seeds’. Regarding the dormancy type, since round-leaved sundew seeds were dormancy broken and germinated at 20~30℃ under the light condition after wet-chilling treatment for 12 weeks, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dormancy broken seeds were found to be 20℃ and light condition (54.7%), but germination decreased at higher temperature. Percent germination (PG), germination energy (GE), mean germination time (MGT) and T₅₀ were effectively improved by chemical treatment such as GA₃ 200 ㎎/L + kinetin 20 ㎎/L and wet-chilling treatment for 14 weeks. In conclusion these optimal conditions were thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly.