• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.35-36
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• 2000

핵연료의 피복관은 핵분열로부터 발생하는 방사성 핵분열생성물이 외부로 유출되는 것을 차단하는 첫번째 방어막의 역할을 하며, 피복관의 건전성은 정상 상태는 물론 이고 사고시에도 위해한 핵분열생성물의 방출을 억제하는 역할을 충분히 수행할 수 있도록 유지되어야 한다. 단사정 산화막 영역에서만 수증기 압력에 의한 산화가속 효과가 존재하는데, 아직 이를 설명할 수 있는 산화속도 모형이 설정되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에선 실험자료를 근거로 하여, 절실히 요구되는 $1000^{\circ}C$ 이하 영역에서 의 수증기 압력을 고려한 산화속도식을 개발하여, 보다 정확한 원전 사고해석이 가능 하도록 하는데 기여하려 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2003

Composite powder of$B_4C-A1_2O_3$was prepared from a mixed powder of$B_2O_3/A1/C$by SHS under argon pressure instead of using a chemical furnace. A mixture of$B_2O_3,$Al and C powder (equivalent amounts to the reaction,$2B_2O_3+4A1+C=B_4C+2A1_2O_3)$was ball milled for 2 h. The mixed powder was placed in a SHS reactor and filled with 10 atm of argon gas and ignited. The inner and outer products were the same by XRD analysis. It was consisted of a composite powder of$B_4C-A1_2O_3$without $AlB_{12}/C_2$which was always produced using a chemical furnace. The composite powder was about$60~100{mu}m$size which was composed of crystalline particles of about 0.3~l${mu}m$size. But when 15 atm of argon was employed, partial sintering took place to give rise hard composite powder of$15~25{mu}m$$B_4C$with $0.1~0.2{mu}m$$A1_2O_3.$

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2011

$NH_4{^+}-{\beta}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-alumina which is expected to an inorganic solid electrolyte of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was prepared by ion-exchange reaction of $K^{+}-{\beta}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-alumina pellet with $NH_4NO_3$ aqueous solution and molten $NH_4NO_3$ salts as an ion-exchange medium in the autoclave and the heating mentle reaction. In the autoclave reaction, the concentrations of $NH_4NO_3$ solution was chosen at 5 and 10 M. Each ion-exchange reaction was carried out at 130, 150, 170, and $200^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. In the heating mentle reaction, ion-exchange was performed at $200^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h with molten $NH_4NO_3$ salts. In order to determine the effect of reaction times, each ion-exchange reaction was repeated 3 times. The phase stability and the ion-exchange rate of $NH_4{^+}-{\beta}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-alumina were analyzed by XRD and ICP.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.106.1-106.1
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• 2010

석탄가스화기술은 매장량이 풍부하여 안정적인 공급이 보장되는 석탄을 이용함과 동시에 환경오염물질 감소라는 사회적 요구조건을 충족시키면서 화학제품, 석탄-가스화, 석탄-디젤화, 연료전지, 복합발전 등 다양한 분야에 응용이 가능한 장점이 있다. 특히 석탄가스화복합기술(Intergrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle, IGCC)은 석탄을 고온, 고압하에서 가스화시켜 일산화탄소(CO), 수소($H_2$)가 주성분인 합성가스를 제조, 정제 후 가스터빈 및 증기터빈을 복합으로 구동하여 전기를 생산하는 친환경 차세대 발전기술로 주목을 받고 있다. 현재 IGCC 기술은 세계적으로 볼 때 상용화단계에 있고, 우리나라의 경우 한국형 IGCC 기술의 확보를 위한 연구사업이 진행중에 있다. 본 연구는 IGCC 발전플랜트의 발전효율을 결정하는 가장 중요한 부분이라 할 수 있는 가스화반응기의 모델링 기술을 개발하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 석탄가스화 반응기에서 발생하는 석탄의 휘발화와 Char의 표면반응 그리고 기상에서의 가스화반응등의 현상을 전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamics)을 이용하여 모델링하는 방법론이 연구되었다. 해석을 위한 형상은 해석에 소요되는 시간을 줄이고, 형상이 해석결과에 미치는 영향을 줄이고자 2차원으로 구성하였다. 해석을 위한 수학적모델으로는 난류모델, 가스화반응모델, Lagrangian particle tracking, Char reaction 등을 포함하였고, 해석을 위한 Solver는 Fluent를 이용하였다. 모델링결과에 의해 예측되는 합성가스의 조성을 상용급 IGCC 가스화기의 운전결과와 비교해 본 결과 본 연구에서 설정한 모델로 예측되는 온도 및 가스농도가 실험치와 유사하게 나타남을 알 수 있었고 이를 통하여 본 연구에서 설정한 모델링방법이 적절함을 알 수 있었다.

• 전기의세계
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 1964

한나라의 과학수준이 rocket기술이나 가속기의 출력 energy로서 운운 되었을 때가 있었는데 그때의 기속기는 원자핵 반응을 인공적으로 실험해 보는데 없어서는 안되는 것이기 때문이었다. 2차대전중 원자폭전의 출현을 보게 한 원자로의 발전은 대전후에는 평화적인 이용면에 따르는 응용 분야가 없는 고 energy의 소립자 연구라든지 isotope생산, 고분자화학 및 의료용등에는 대전중에 발전된 잔자기술의 이용으로 더 큰 가속기의 출현이 필요하였다. 특히 이 Electron Accelerator(이하 Linac라고 함)는 높은 고압과 큰 자석을 쓰지 않는 면에서 손쉽게 우리 신변에서 초고압 X선 이상의 효과로 쓸수있게해 주어서 그 이용면은 매우 다급해졌다. 여기서 우리나라의 입장에서 이러한 것을 살펴볼 때 첫째의 radar기술이 충분히 있으면서 이러한 것을 평화적 생산면에서 아직 활용하지 못하고 있으며 한편에서는 외국으로 부터 강력 동위원소를 도입하여 오고 있는데 Linac를 제작하여 여기서 이용하면 이러한 동위원소의 강도 이상의 것을 우리나라 기술로서 제작할 수 있다. 여기서 그 원리와 제작면에 있어서의 문제점 및 국제적인 이용 현황을 소개해 보겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 1998

Kinetic studies on the reaction of isoquinoline with para-substituted benzylbromides were conducted under various pressures (1 ~1000 bar) in acetonitrile. From the rate constants obtained, the activation parameters such as$\DeltaV^{\neq}, \Delta\beta^{\neq}, \DeltaH^{\neq}, \DeltaS^{\neq}, \DeltaG^{\neq}$ and Ea were evaluated. Reaction rate increasing the pressure and temperature. The activation compressibility coefficient and the activation entropy showed negative values. From the substituent effect and the results, it was found that the reaction proceeds through $S_N2$ mechanism, but the structure of transition state was slightly changed with substituents and pressure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4643-4648
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• 2010

In this study, $CO_2$ absorption properties at high pressure condition that can apply pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture were investigated for physical sorbent such as PEG, DMSO, and Sulfone. The $CO_2$ Solubility, regeneration, and initial absorption rate with temperature and pressure were measured using batch type stirred cell contactor. The PEG showed the highest $CO_2$ solubility and initial absorption rate. It can be found that all the physical sorbents used in this experiments were almost completely regenerated at various temperature and pressure.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2013

In environmental friendly aspects, the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using carbon monoxide and oxygen gases which were produced in petrochemical plants was studied. The oxidative carbonylation of glycerol under batch reaction system was performed on parameter conditions such as effect of various metals (Cu, Pd, Fe, Sn, Zn, Cr), oxidizing agents, mole ratio of carbon monoxide to oxygen, catalyst amount, solvent types, reaction temperature and time and dehydrating agents. In particular copper chloride catalysts showed the excellent activities, and the glycerol carbonate yields over CuCl and $CuCl_2$ catalysts were the maximum of 44% and 64%, respectively at the following reaction conditions: solvent as nitrobenzene, mole ratio of 1:3:0.15 (glycerol:carbon monoxide:catalyst), mole ratio of 2:1 (carbon monoxide:oxygen), the total pressure of 30 bar at 413 K for 4 hr. It was found that reactivity were significantly different depending on the oxidation number of Cu catalysts, and oxygen plays an important role as oxidizing agents in producing H2O during oxidation reaction after carbonylation of glycerol.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.905-912
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• 2011

In this study, the novel concept catalytic reactor was designed for water-gas shift reaction (WGS) under high pressure. The novel concept catalytic reactor was composed of an autoclave, the catalyst, and liquid water. Cu-ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ as the low temperature shift catalyst was used for WGS reaction. WGS in the novel concept catalytic reactor was carried out at the ranges of 150~$250^{\circ}C$ and 30~50 atm. The liquid water was filled at the bottom of the autoclave catalytic reactor and the catalyst of pellet type was located at the gas-liquid water interface. It was concluded that WGS reaction occurred over the surface of catalysts partially wetted with liquid water. The conversion of CO for WGS was also controlled with changing content of Cu and ZnO used as the catalytic active components. Meanwhile, the catalyst of honey comb type coated with Cu-ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ was used in order to increase the contact area between wet-surface of catalyst and the reactants of gas phase. It was confirmed from these experiments that $H_2$/CO ratio of the simulated coal gas increased from 0.5 to 0.8 by WGS at gas-liquid water interface over the wet surface of honey comb type catalyst at $250^{\circ}C$ and 50 atm.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 1988

Kinetics of the reaction of 2-phenethyl p-bromobenzenesulfonate with substituted pyridines in acetonitrile were investigated by an electric conductivity method at 1-2000 bars and $45{\sim}55{\circ}C$. The rates of these reactions were increased with raising temperatures, pressures and by changing electron-donating substitutents in pyridine. When raising pressure the Hammett reaction parameter $I{\rho}I$ and Bronsted ${\beta}$ values were increased, and isokinetic temperature observed from isokinetic relations hip between ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$ and TEX>${\Delta}S^{\neq}$ was decreased. These results indicate that the $S_N2$ characters were increased with raising pressure.