• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

One of the major trends of automotive networking architecture is the introduction of automotive Ethernet. Ethernet is already used in single automotive applications (e.g. to connect high-data-rate sources as video cameras), it is expected that the ongoing standardization at IEEE (IEEE802.3bw - 100BASE-T1, respectively IEEE P802.3bp - 1000BASE-T1) will lead to a much broader adoption in future. Those applications will not be limited to simple point-to-point connections, but may affect Electric/Electronic(EE) Architectures as a whole. It is agreed that IP based traffic via Ethernet could be secured by application of well-established IP security protocols (e.g., IPSec, TLS) combined with additional components like, e.g., automotive firewall or IDS. In the case of safety and real-time related applications on resource constraint devices, the IP based communication is not the favorite option to be used with complicated and performance demanding TLS or IPSec. Those applications will be foreseeable incorporate Layer-2 based communication protocols as, e.g., currently standardized at IEEE[13]. The present paper reflects the state-of-the-art communication concepts with respect to security and identifies architectural challenges and potential solutions for future Ethernet Switch-based EE-Architectures. It also gives an overview and provide insights into the ongoing security relevant standardization activities concerning automotive Ethernet. Furthermore, the properties of non-automotive Ethernet security mechanisms as, e.g., IEEE 802.1AE aka. MACsec or 802.1X Port-based Network Access Control, will be evaluated and the applicability for automotive applications will be assessed.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2024

The increased intelligence and speed of vehicle infotainment, whose main purpose was emergency and external communication, is showing the potential for application to various services such as navigation and autonomous driving. In particular, functionality for linking external devices and infrastructure is being strengthened due to advances in communication and networks. Under this trend, it is necessary to consider the direction of linkage with the cooperative intelligent transportation system (C-ITS) for advanced vehicle services and driving. In addition, in the case of automobiles, future vehicle development concepts are being established based on the concept of software-defined vehicles (SDVs) in line with the trend of electrification beyond telematics and infotainment advancements, and such SDV linkage must be considered at the same time. In this paper, we consider the future direction of ITS and SDV linkage based on analysis of vehicle infotainment structure. First, for this purpose, we analyze the existing vehicle infotainment structure and architecture, and also present the structure of the SDV linked to it. Based on this, analysis and implications are drawn on the possibility of applying and linking standard-based C-ITS services with SDV devices.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2009

Korea has achieved significant economic growth with building the Gyeongbu Expressway. As the number of new road construction projects has decreased, it becomes more important to maintain optimal status of the current road networks. One of the best ways to accomplish it is weight enforcement as active control measure of traffic load. This study is to develop High-speed Weigh-in-motion System in order to enhance efficiency of weight enforcement, and to analyze patterns of overloaded trucks on highways through the system. Furthermore, it is to review possibilities of developing overweight control system with application of the HS-WIM system. The HS-WIM system developed by this study consists of two sets of an axle load sensor, a loop sensor and a wandering sensor on each lane. A wandering sensor detects whether a travelling vehicle is off the lane or not with the function of checking the location of tire imprint. The sensor of the WIM system has better function of classifying types of vehicles than other existing systems by detecting wheel distance and tire type such as single or dual tire. As a result, its measurement errors regarding 12 types of vehicle classification are very low, which is an advantage of the sensor. The verification tests of the system under all conditions showed that the mean measurement errors of axle weight and gross axle weight were within 15 percent and 7 percent respectively. According to the WIM rate standard of the COST-323, the WIM system of this study is ranked at B(10). It means the system is appropriate for the purpose of design, maintenance and valuation of road infrastructure. The WIM system in testing a 5-axle cargo truck, the most frequently overloaded vehicle among 12 types of vehicles, is ranked at A(5) which means the system is available to control overloaded vehicles. In this case, the measurement errors of axle load and gross axle load were within 8 percent and 5 percent respectively. Weight analysis of all types of vehicles on highways showed that the most frequently overloaded vehicles were type 5, 6, 7 and 12 among 12 vehicle types. As a result, it is necessary to use more effective overweight enforcement system for vehicles which are seriously overloaded due to their lift axles. Traffic volume data depending upon vehicle types is basic information for road design and construction, maintenance, analysis of traffic flow, road policies as well as research.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2012

With the cooperation of many research institutes and railway companies, the next generation high speed train is under development for many years. To confirm the safety requirement of the developed high speed train, multibody dynamic analysis is implemented. Through this analysis, railway derailment and lateral guiding force simulation was evaluated according to UIC code 518 OR for international railway vehicle. Test results were compared by limit value of safety criteria. Safety evaluation results, according to international standards, would provide basic reference data of ensuring safety speed and track radius curve. The safety of the train at the maximum speed is verified by numerical analysis results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4849-4854
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• 2015

It has been often occurred for the outside components(BU, SVaC, DB) of UM71c AF track circuits to be broken down caused by some pieces of falling ice in the winter time or by infrastructure repairing equipments while facility maintenance works since 2004, opening of Kyeongbu High Speed Rail Express. In this paper, we proposed that we could move the outside components of UM71c track circuit out of wayside from present place. Then we can assure that the life time of those components would be extended. So we simulated the electrical characteristics by changing cable length using MATLAB Simulinks and we designed the compensation capacitor. Also, we obtained the same results as those of simulation by field demonstration test on site. The design specifications obtained from this field verification test could be applied in the absent section of track circuit, if only have a little more intensified research to compensate changed electrical characteristics and to redesign inner impedance of the track circuit.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4968-4974
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• 2010

Electrical Railroads provide electric power, which can operate vehicles, via feeder wires. And the supplied current returns to the transformer substation through lines and ground net. In domestic cases, the configuration of ground net affecting such a return current mostly uses an exclusive earth method. However, along with the introduction to Gyeongbu HSL(High Speed Line), the concept of Common Earth was applied to Electrical Railroads. In this paper, based on the return currents analyzed to be measured in the electrified sections for the operation of High Speed Rails in existing lines, we analyze the relations between earth methods and return currents in electrified sections. For analysis, we utilize the measured values of return currents measured in track circuits in Gyeongbu HSL, and predictive values of those compared to the earth methods between Gyeongbu HSL and the existing electrified sections.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2016

Structural behaviour of PSC box bridge, on which KTX train runs, is analysed up to 500 km/h speed considering 12 stages track irregularity and interaction between bridge and vehicle. To evaluate wheel forces and rotations of vehicle, lateral wheel forces, derail factor and offload factor calculated on the track combining the bridge and 170 m normal track are compared with existing allowed limits. Maximum longitudinal displacement and accumulated sliding distance of the brige bearings for simply supported and 2 span continuous PSC bridges are presented by each running speeds. Long-term friction tests based on EN-1337-2 are conducted between PTFE and DP-mate plates. Finally, the long-term friction tests are proposed to consider the increasing speed of next generation high-speed train.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2023

In this study, the dynamic behavior of friction bearings of PSC (Pre-Stressed Concrete) box train continuous bridge was numerically analyzed at 10 km/h intervals up to 600 km/h according to the increasing speed of the next-generation high-speed train. A frame model was generated targeting the 40-meter single-span and two-span continuous PSC box bridges in the Gyeongbu High-Speed Railway section. The interaction forces including the inertial mass vehicle model with 38 degrees of freedom and the irregularities of the bridge and track were considered. It was calculated the longitudinal displacement, cumulative sliding distance and displacement speed of the bridge bearings at each running speed so that compared with the dynamic behavior trend analysis of the bridge. In addition, long-term friction test standards were applied to evaluate the durability of friction plates.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1357-1365
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• 2011

Reliability analysis-based maintenance system has the merit than elapsed time-based preventive maintenance system. First, it is possible to active handling of rolling stocks failures. In the past, Failure handling activities began when after increase failures rapidly. But if we can continuous manage of reliability than changing of failure tendency can know more quickly. Second, It is possible to using maintenance resources effectively. We can look forward to cost reduction to distributing of much less failures parts's maintenance resources. KORAIL builds reliability system called KTX-RCM for operating high-speed rolling stocks. But existing rolling stocks have not reliability system from the past. Fortunately, KORAIL started ERP system called KOVIS at 2007. KOVIS includes maintenance data for reliability analysis. So in this study analysis failure data for getting reliability number about existing passenger car. And we desire to maintenance connection plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.365-371
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• 2013

This study describes impact test methods for a rolling-stock windscreen executed in Korea and Europe. Air-pressurized impact test equipment for the front windscreens of high speed trains was designed and manufactured. The equipment is capable of launching a projectile at 500km/h, in accordance with EN 15152's impact test method. Calibration of the test equipment was conducted to find an equation relating air pressure and projectile velocity. Specimens ($1000mm{\times}700mm$) having similar specifications with the front windscreens in metro and conventional trains were used to conduct impact tests with this equipment to research the impact characteristics of the screens according to the impact velocity.