• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2023

This study aims to develop a Park Performance Assessment Tool (PPAT) to qualitatively evaluate the level of urban neighborhood park services. The Park Performance Assessment Tool (PPAT) development process is as follows. First, a pool of evaluation items was formed by analyzing domestic and foreign cases related to the Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT). Second, evaluation items were refined considering domestic park conditions through expert advisory meetings and pilot evaluations. Third, the reliability of the Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT) was verified through pilot evaluations. Fourth, weights for each evaluation item were derived through an expert survey and AHP analysis. Fifth, a Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT) evaluation table and evaluation guidelines were prepared. The developed Park Performance Assessment Tool (PPAT) was applied to 22 neighborhood parks in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon to evaluate the quality of the physical environment. As a result of the evaluation, several urban neighborhood parks that need improved park services were identified. The Park Performance Evaluation Tool (PPAT) is expected to be used to establish a basic plan for parks and green spaces, select priority and project promotion methods for park maintenance projects, and certify excellent parks

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.243-257
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• 2015

The Cultural Heritage Administration has selected Seoul Fortress Wall as the representative heritage of Korea to be applied for being registered as UNESCO World Heritage and announced the plan to restore and organize it, which has increased the interest to the Seoul Fortress Wall, the Historical Site No. 10. The great work to make the heritage value of Walls, 4 Big Gates and 4 Small Gates composing the Seoul Fortress wall with the length of 18.627 km to be recognized worldwide has limits if it is focused only on the physical restoration. It is because the Seoul Fortress Wall represents the long historical and cultural value as the space of life which connects closely the capital city and its vicinity. We need the plan to discover and utilize historical and cultural contents of Seoul Fortress Wall and its vicinity. Especially, Gwangheemun, which is one of the four Small Gates of Seoul Fortress Wall, is a precious cultural heritage which represents the transition of fortification technology of Chosun period as the space representing ordinary people. However, now Gwangheemun and its vicinity does not stand out the charm because of passive accessibility, landscape falling behind and absence of program. This made the lack of domestic and overseas tourists and the convenient space and various contents. This reality is because the value of space has been considered simply as a cultural heritage without considering the traditional, historical and cultural specificity. Therefore, this study is aimed to find the meaning and value of Gwangheemun by discovering its own latent intangible cultural, historical and artistic resource, and to find the way to connect with Gwangheemun, the existing tangible traditional architectural space and the way of vitalizing Gwangheemun as a new space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.454-454
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• 2021

하천 환경에 대한 최근의 사회적 관심은 하천횡단구조물에 대한 평가를 기존의 이□치수적 관점에서 환경□생태학적 관점으로 변화시키고 있다. 이는 자연하천(특히 충적하천)이 수공구조물에 가로막히면 일반적으로 유사, 식생 등의 하천 제반 환경에 부정적인 영향을 준다는 전제에서 댐에 대한 평가가 시작되는 것으로, 국내에서는 이러한 인식의 변화가 2010년대 이후 널리 퍼지면서 현재는 더 이상 신규 댐을 건설할 수 없게 되었다. 댐에 의한 수리 특성과 기후 변화 등으로 댐 하류하천의 유사, 식생, 생태변화는 최근 급격하게 진행되었지만, 정량적인 변화량 및 지표 도출에 대한 연구는 대부분 최근의 data를 반영하지 못하고 있어 관련 원인과 대책 제시에 다소 한계가 있다고 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 낙동강 주요 지류 중 하나이며, 충적하천인 황강을 대상으로 가용한 data를 활용하여, 합천댐 건설 전□후의 유사, 식생변화로 대표되는 하천 환경변화를 정량적으로 분석하고, 변화 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 유사환경의 변화 분석은 댐 건설 전부터 최근까지의 문헌들에서 조사□제시된 data를 이용하였다. 연도별 최심 및 평균하상고는 댐 건설 전과 비교해 1.0 m가량 감소하였는데, 댐에 의한 세류사 공급차단보다는 골재 채취 및 하도 정비 등이 지배적인 원인인 것으로 파악되었다. 유사 입경의 변화는 댐 건설 전 대비 조립화가 진행되어 모래비율이 감소하고 유사 입경(댐 직하류 약 2배)이 증가하였다. 이는 골재 채취 및 댐에 의한 세류사 차단에 기인한 것으로, 준설된 지역의 하상이 모래 대신 자갈로 대체되고 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 유사량의 경우 몇 번의 조사 과정이 있었으나, 기준이 명확하지 않아 정량적인 변화는 파악하기 어려웠다. 제외지의 식생 분포는 본 연구에서 개발한 이미지 처리 기법을 동원하여 분석하였으며, 대상은 합천댐 하류 중 모래 사주의 비율이 큰 곳을 선택(3지점)하였다. 분석 결과 2008~2011년 이전까지 큰 폭으로 사주가 식생 서식처로 변화(약 20%)되었으며, 이후 큰 변화 없이 안정화 된 경향을 보였다. 이는 2009~2011년 동안 식생이 활착되는 봄~초여름의 강우량 감소, 댐의 홍수조절 및 하상 조립화로 인한 다년생 식생의 활착되고 성장할 시간이 확보되면서 홍수 등 외부 변화에 대한 식생의 대응 능력이 증가했기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 합천댐이 황강 환경변화에 주는 영향은 분명하지만, 현재 상황은 기후 변화와 인위적인 골재채취도 주요 원인으로 판단되는 바, 향후 하천 환경 개선 계획 수립 시 이러한 변화 원인이 고려된 대책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6B
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• pp.503-512
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• 2009

Watershed models, which are a tool for water cycle mechanism, are classified as the distributed model and the lumped model. Currently, the distributed models have been more widely used than lumped model for many researches and applications. The lumped model estimates the parameters in the conceptual and empirical sense, on the other hand, in the case of distributed model the first-guess value is estimated from the grid-based watershed characteristics and rainfall data. Therefore, the distributed model needs more detailed parameter adjustment in its calibration and also one should precisely understand the model parameters' characteristics and sensitivity. This study uses Jungnang basin as a study area and $Vflo^{TM}$ model, which is a physics-based distributed hydrologic model, is used to analyze its parameters' sensitivity. To begin with, 100 years frequency-design rainfall is derived from Huff's method for rainfall duration of 6 hours, then the discharge is simulated using the calibrated parameters of $Vflo^{TM}$ model. As a result, hydraulic conductivity and overland's roughness have an effect on runoff depth and peak discharge, respectively, while channel's roughness have influence on travel time and peak discharge.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1D
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

Urban Designers and Planners are interested in creating barrier-free (BF) environments as the demand for social equity increases. BF design consists of design strategies for modifying buildings or facilities to be used by the physically disadvantaged or disabled. To construct buildings or facilities to be "Barrier-free", design standards specifically modified for the physically disadvantaged or disabled should be applied. The purpose of this study is to analyze the BF design standard used in the national laws and provide suggestions for their future improvements. In the study national laws in four countries were reviewed and important BF standards to be used in the laws were identified using a frequency analysis. The results of the frequency analysis were applied to the BF assessment criteria for sidewalk design. Then a field assessment for two sidewalks located in Seoul metropolitan region was conducted using the refined BF criteria. The findings from the field assessments indicated that current regulations were not appropriately designed to provide sufficient convenience for the disabled. It is needed to enhance the BF standards in the domestic regulations to offer sufficient mobility to the physically disadvantaged or disabled.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.269-273
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• 2023

After participating in the Second Boer War in 1899, the Australian Army participated in world wars such as World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. To overcome the decline in the social recognition of soldiers and the continuous shortage of troops caused by the protracted war, the status and role of female personnel were expanded. The use of female manpower, which started as medical support during the Second Boer War, expanded to combat support missions such as communications, maintenance, driving, secret document management, and radar surveillance during World War II. After the Vietnam War, the Chiefs of Staff of the Australian Army, Navy and Air Force established a committee to expand women's participation in the military, improved service conditions for female personnel and supplemented regulations so that they were treated as soldiers, not women, and reached a turning point in expanding the role of female personnel in the Australian military. As a result, all combat positions, including special forces, were opened to women in 2014, and a plan was established to increase the proportion of women in each service by 2030. As a result, all combat positions, including special forces, were opened to women in 2014, and the Australian Armed Forces set a plan to increase the proportion of women by 2030. Like the Australian military, South Korea is also experiencing a demographic cliff and shortage of troops due to the continuing low birthrate problem. Through the history and current state of the use of female personnel in the Australian military, we would like to draw implications for the direction our military should go.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2008

Polymetallic sulphides means hydrothermally formed deposits of sulphide minerals which contain concentrations of metals including, inter alia, copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver. Nautilus is the first company to commercially explore the seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits. The Company holds exploration licences and exploration applications for more than 370,000 $km^2$ in the jurisdictional seas of Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tonga, the Solomon Islands and New Zealand along the western Pacific Ocean's Rim of Fire. Neptune Minerals is also a leading explorer and developer in this field, with exploration licences awarded totalling more than 270,000 $km^2$ in the territorial seas or EEZ of New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Federated States of Micronesia. These two companies now carry out the most active investment activities for seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits with a goal of commercial production by 2010. China and Japan carry out exploration activities for the seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits to secure supplies of strategic metals. China carries out national R&D projects relating to deep sea mineral resources in the world ocean through China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(COMRA). And Japan investigates her own EEZ for exploration of the seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits. In consideration of aforementioned international activities of coastal nations as well as private companies for exploring the sulphide deposits, Korea shall prepare strategic plans : First, consolidation of the authorities concerned and legislative support; second, determination of main entity of the project; third, securing government's decisive investment of sufficient budget; and lastly, establishment of the mid, long-term plan for development of seafloor polymetallic sulphides deposits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose a plan that properly organizes urban close-to-nature streams by evaluating the city park functions, ecological functions and landscape functions required for urban stream and setting up space function suitable for the space. The site of this study is Hongjecheon located in Seodaemun gu of Seoul City, whose length of channel spans 6.12km in total. The plan for the construction of close-to-nature streams had been established from late 2003, and the construction was completed. Evaluation Categories and indications were deduced from 4 stages. First, based on theoretical examination, we made a list of stream and park evaluation categories and added Category about Characteristic of urban streams. Next, we set Final Evaluation Categories and indications through the process of goal-relevance, indication verification, merging similar category. Final Evaluation Categories were deduced such as usage demand, usability(city park functions), biodiversity, inhabitation potential, rarity(ecological functions), historical cultural elements, and landscape Quality(landscape functions). As a result of allotting space functions, zones 1 through 4, got high grades at usage demand, was classified as a civic resort district; zones 5 through 6, close to major green area and remained original landscape, as ecological conservation and restoration district; zones 7 through 8, get high grades at usage demand and usability, as environmentally-friendly use district; and zones 9 through 10, many historical cultural elements and view points, and high green possession rate, as stream scenic district. In addition, detail space function and construction plan for each zones were proposed. As a result of this study, proposed space function assignment considering natural characteristics, humanities and social characteristics and landscape characteristics and is expected to be utilized at reasonable spatial planning considering various functions required for urban stream.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.419-436
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• 2011

Korean farm villages are locked in vicious circle, as lots of their problems related to low income and hollow matters are geared and multiply. To get over those problems, various plans to develop Korean farm villages are being pushed ahead. In addition, since the early of 1990s, Korea has been projects to develop settlement zones and culture villages. It has been also preceeding with a comprehensive development project of farm villages and a new vitalizations project, etc. All of these projects aim to reorganize and expand life environments, industrial bases, and convenience and welfare facilities. The existing studies on a comprehensive project to develop farm villages have been focusing on evaluation indexes, problems, investment priorities, etc. But in fact, studies on a comprehensive development project of farm villages are not thoroughgoing enough in aspects of residents' attitude and their recognition on the influence on tourist development. Thus, this study aims to present strategic schemes to allow residents to actively participate in a stage of promoting a comprehensive development project of farm villages, a stage of making the plan, and a stage of the implementation. For this, this study analyzes a comprehensive development project of farm villages and attempts to figure out which influence the tourist development in farm villages has on residents' attitude and recognition resulting from changes in economic, social cultural, and environmental aspects. Especially, this study previously examines what influential factors there exists are and what influences the development of farm villages has on residents. Based on the results from the above analysis, schemes to enable residents to actively a comprehensive development project of farm villages are presented as follows. First, it is necessary to raise our recognition on tourism and tourism development of farm villages. If the main theme of a comprehensive development project of farm villages intends farm village development, it is required to educate residents and let them clearly raise their recognition on tourism, and the effect of the project is guaranteed. Second, it is highly required to make a plan so that we can feel economic effects of revenues through project promotion and positive effects including the expansion of infrastructures and welfare facilities, etc. Third, it is necessary to bring into relief the positive recognition and attitude of a comprehensive development project of farm villages. As for the negative recognition and attitude, it is very important to change negative residents' recognition to the positive direction and to allow them to participate in and to take an interest in the project, so that the project can be effectively promoted.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2002

With the advanced localization followed by the settlement of the local autonomous systems, every city has faced new realities that it is inevitable to change its environment and image designs which have been uniformly made without consideration of its characteristics. Accordingly, they have failed to effectively achieve the development goal which make them distinctive.. The identity of a city means an image rather than its attribute. It can be drawn only when the city has its own municipality as well as the superiority to others. For Corporate Identity(CI) to function effectively as a comprehensive medium of communication, We should take into consideration all the situations which surround the city. It should be emphasized on the culture and environment oriented image. To do so we first of all have to analyze in detail the current situations and characteristics of the city. Hence, this paper tried to propose the strategies of making the CI which expresses the unique identity and communication of the city applying the CI program which have been used as the way of business management. The creation of the CI of the city takes the following steps. First, find the potentials for the image of the city through the survey of its resources. Second, provide the motive for citizens to actively participate in making plans with a dear vision for the improvement of the city image, physical development and so on. Third, provide with the events and the projects for specialized goods of the city to strengthen the ability of delivering the information, to design the city image and the street environment of the city. Fourth, apply the communication design system to use actively the administration organization, to enhance the citizenship, and to differentiate the city image. To do so, a variety of efforts should be followed to integrate and promote the regional culture, develope the structure and the facility functions of the city connecting those factors effectively. The establishment of the city identity is required a variety of activities to make the environment of the city, and the agreeable residential environment for a better life by differentiating the characteristics the city has.