• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.444-444
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• 2021

하천의 오염부하량 관리 계획은 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 자료 구축과 모형을 이용한 예측결과를 기반으로 수립된다. 하천의 모니터링과 예측 분석은 많은 예산과 인력 등이 필요하나, 정부의 담당 공무원 수는 극히 부족한 상황이 일반적이다. 이에 정부는 전문가에게 관련 용역을 의뢰하지만, 한국과 같이 지형이 복잡한 지역에서의 오염부하량 배출 특성은 각각 다르게 나타나기 때문에 많은 예산 소모가 발생 된다. 이를 개선하고자, 본 연구는 합성곱 신경망 (convolution neural network)과 수문학적 이미지 (hydrological image)를 이용하여 강우 발생시 BOD 및 총인의 부하량 예측 모형을 개발하였다. 합성곱 신경망의 입력자료는 일반적으로 RGB (red, green, bule) 사진을 이용하는데, 이를 그래도 오염부하량 예측에 활용하는 것은 경험적 모형의 전제(독립변수와 종속변수의 관계)를 무너뜨리는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 오염부하량이 수문학적 조건과 토지이용 등의 변수에 의해 결정된다는 인과관계를 만족시키고자 수문학적 속성이 내재된 수문학적 이미지를 합성곱 신경망의 훈련자료로 사용하였다. 수문학적 이미지는 임의의 유역에 대해 2차원 공간에서 무차원의 수문학적 속성을 갖는 grid의 집합으로 정의되는데, 여기서 각 grid의 수문학적 속성은 SCS 토양보존국(soil conservation service, SCS)에서 발표한 수문학적 토양피복형수 (curve number, CN)를 이용하여 산출한다. 합성곱 신경망의 구조는 2개의 Convolution Layer와 1개의 Pulling Layer가 5회 반복하는 구조로 설정하고, 1개의 Flatten Layer, 3개의 Dense Layer, 1개의 Batch Normalization Layer를 배열하고, 마지막으로 1개의 Dense Layer가 연결되는 구조로 설계하였다. 이와 함께, 각 층의 활성화 함수는 정규화 선형함수 (ReLu)로, 마지막 Dense Layer의 활성화 함수는 연속변수가 도출될 수 있도록 회귀모형에서 자주 사용되는 Linear 함수로 설정하였다. 연구의 대상지역은 경기도 가평군 조종천 유역으로 선정하였고, 연구기간은 2010년 1월 1일부터 2019년 12월 31일까지로, 2010년부터 2016년까지의 자료는 모형의 학습에, 2017년부터 2019년까지의 자료는 모형의 성능평가에 활용하였다. 모형의 예측 성능은 모형효율계수 (NSE), 평균제곱근오차(RMSE) 및 평균절대백분율오차(MAPE)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, BOD 부하량에 대한 NSE는 0.9, RMSE는 1031.1 kg/day, MAPE는 11.5%로 나타났으며, 총인 부하량에 대한 NSE는 0.9, RMSE는 53.6 kg/day, MAPE는 17.9%로 나타나 본 연구의 모형은 우수(good)한 것으로 판단하였다. 이에, 본 연구의 모형은 일반 ANN 모형을 이용한 선행연구와는 달리 2차원 공간정보를 반영하여 오염부하량 모의가 가능했으며, 제한적인 입력자료를 이용하여 간편한 모델링이 가능하다는 장점을 나타냈다. 이를 통해 정부의 물관리 정책을 위한 의사결정 및 부족한 물관리 분야의 행정력에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.87-111
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• 2024

This study aims to analyze the current status of specialized services in public libraries in the Busan, identify associated issues, and propose improvement strategies. To achieve this, a survey was conducted among the staff of 25 public libraries, excluding two libraries (one of which was temporarily closed) out of the 27 libraries operating under the 2022 Library Development Plan. The survey covered topics such as the current status of specialized services, perceptions of specialization, and strategies for the development of specialized services. The survey results revealed that in 16 libraries, specialized collections accounted for less than 5% of the total collections; 20 libraries had no dedicated librarian, and in 15 libraries, the budget for specialized materials was less than 5% of the total materials acquisition budget. Despite these challenges, the librarians recognized the necessity and legitimacy of specialized services and believed that these services should continue, even in the face of insufficient personnel and budget. Additionally, they emphasized the importance of the role of metropolitan representative libraries, along with related training and the assignment of dedicated librarian, for the development of specialized services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.54-65
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of landscape law and institutions and to provide basic data for improvement of landscape systems. Specifically, we analyzed the importance and achievement of various landscape systems, and examined the understanding and perception of government officers in landscape plan, landscape project, landscape agreement, landscape reviews and landscape committees, landscape ordinance, and landscape administration. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Overall, the landscape administration system was highly interested, and it was also positive about the utility of the landscape law and the landscape charter. As a result of analysis of the IPA, the landscape plan and the landscape policy plan need to be intensively improved. 2. The landscape plan is mostly used for the purpose of responding to the scenery review or complaint request, but about 10.8% of respondents said that they did not refer it at all, so it is urgent to make the contents of the landscape plan real and improve the performance. Although many officers thought that less than 18 months would be quite enough for landscape plans, but it is necessary to change this duration issue. 3. In order to improve landscape projects and landscape agreements, it seems that budget securing, experts, and promotional organizations should be improved first. 4. It is urgently necessary to enhance the understanding about overall landscape law and systems of landscape review committee in order to supplement the landscape review and the landscape committee. 5. Administrative support such as personnel recruitment is required for landscape ordinance and landscape administration, and it is also found that many officers also have a great burden in making subjective judgment as the person in charge. There could be a positive bias in the results of the study, because the survey was conducted only for public officials who participated in the education. But the result will be helpful to look at the overall tendency of the landscape system. I hope that it will help improve the landscape system in the future much more realistic.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2021

In accordance with the River Law, the basic river maintenance plan is established every 5-10 years with a considerable national budget for domestic rivers, and various river surveys such as the river section required for HEC-RAS simulation for flood level calculation are being conducted. However, river survey data are provided only in the form of a pdf report to the River Management Geographic Information System (RIMGIS), and the original data are distributedly owned by designers who performed the river maintenance plan in CAD format. It is a situation that the usability for other purposes is considerably lowered. In addition, when using surveyed CAD-type cross-sectional data for HEC-RAS, tools such as 'Dream' are used, but the reality is that time and cost are almost as close as manual work. In this study, RAUT (River Information Auto Upload Tool), a tool that can solve these problems, was developed. First, the RAUT tool attempted to automate the complicated steps of manually inputting CAD survey data and simulating the input data of the HEC-RAS one-dimensional model used in establishing the basic river plan in practice. Second, it is possible to directly read CAD survey data, which is river spatial information, and automatically upload it to the river spatial information DB based on the standard data model (ArcRiver), enabling the management of river survey data in the river maintenance plan at the national level. In other words, if RIMGIS uses a tool such as RAUT, it will be able to systematically manage national river survey data such as river section. The developed RAUT reads the river spatial information CAD data of the river maintenance master plan targeting the Jeju-do agar basin, builds it into a mySQL-based spatial DB, and automatically generates topographic data for HEC-RAS one-dimensional simulation from the built DB. A pilot process was implemented.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.247-281
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• 2009

Local governments in Korea, sixteen in total, shall establish local government archives to and manage preserve their permanent archives to comply with the Public Records Management Act amended in October 2006. National Archives of Korea(NAK) directed the local governments to recruit legally qualified archivists by the end 0f 2006 and to plan on the establishment and operation of the local government archives by the end 2007. However, none of the government archives was established by far. Government officials in NAK and the local governments raised the limits of the budget and human resources. What is more serious is that they don't concern why the archives are necessary and what missions and functions the archives should have. In this paper, I summarized the present situation and problems in establishing the local archives, and what we will do to establish normal government archives. First, local governments should establish "local government records commissions" and employ qualified archivists. The local government records commission should comprise concerned and qualified members. The records commission, as a policy and decision-making body, should make plans and implement the plans to establish the local archives, establish professional training programs to produce qualified archivists, promote local archives community activities, determine operational issues, and make a long-term development plan satisfying local demands. Second, the local government archives share existing repositories of NAK. Third, after the establishment of the archives, the local archives should perform normal records and archives management of the local governments as records acts mandate, do general records surveys and appraise the records created in the local governments. The local government archives should collect valuable local archives including private archives, and arrange and make usable them to provide access. They also promote and coordinate various cultural heritage community activities related to the local archives.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.177-184
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• 2016

Solutions to improve collaborative energy-saving programs were developed as follow; First, the scoring for the selection of the programs between KEMCO and the NGOs' Energy Network needs to be adjusted. Second, solutions were proposed to diversify the network selected to participate in programs and to tighten the network among the participating citizens. Third, improving the compatibility with the targets that are set for the program and raising the program budget was proposed. Fourth, ideas to introduce the final evaluation guidelines for the programs by the network, to improve the convenience of the program procedures. Fifth, developing a manual to inspect energy-saving measures in households, counseling for at-home energy-saving behaviors, sharing search programs such as financial support and home repair, introducing a program energy-saving APPs.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

High-rise buildings need thorough cost management because of large size and high risk. Cost management makes a budget by establishing and analyzing detail element at planning phase, needs cost control as each design phase, then reflected to next design. This research develops a schematic estimation model based on vertical and horizontal elements at design phase for structure cost of high-rise buildings to reduce error range and use data as design management. Usability of the model is confirmed by case study. The estimation model is expected to contribute to making the cost model more effective and satisfactory to concerned in construction or budget department and manage keeping track of the cost.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

The Korean government has implemented various policies to introduce the cloud to the public sector. The objectives of the paper are to develop a decision-making model and to propose the roadmap for cloud introduction in the public sector. To achieve these objectives, we analyze the characteristics of public services and types of cloud service. Then we develope a cloud introduction method using fuzzy AHP based convergence decision-making model. As a result of this study, we decided to prioritize the cloud service candidates and proposed a three-step roadmap. The results are expected to contribute to cloud introduction and transition in the public sector and establishment of the cloud policy. In the future, it will be necessary to develop budget plans as well as additional decision-making factors for cloud adoption.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2012

The asset management of infra facilities is a total framework for finally supporting a safe and comfortable service, which includes functions of supporting evaluation of condition and performance of infrastructures, making the decision method of repair or rehabilitation of deteriorated facilities, and lengthening the life cycle of structure through the decision of adequate cost and time of repair or reinforcement. In the range of the asset management, organization, human, the target, and information & data of company are included. Therefore, in this paper, appling the method of asset management analysis to the infra structures, the process of the risk assesment using BRE (Business Risk Exposure) and the basis of consisting ORDM (Optimized Renewal Decision-Making) are expressed.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.23-25
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• 2004

이 글에서는 CFD의 효율적인 적용 및 사용을 통하여 제품의 설계와 생산 공정의 최적화가 어떻게 구현될 수 있으며 CFD를 이용한 최적화 과정 에서 걸림돌이 되는 것들로는 어떤 요소들이 있는 지 관하여 다루고자 한다. CFD와 같은 CAE tool 을 이용한 설계 과정의 최적화는 최신의 기술을 장착하고 있는 상업용 CFD 소프트웨어들에 의하여 가능하며 이들 코드들에 관한 특성들도 이 글 에셔 취급하고자 한다. 잘 알려진 바와 같이 제품 의 초기 개념 설계 단계에서부터 계획 및 상세설계에 이르기까지 각 단계에서 최적의 조건을 구하 기 위해서는 주어진 구속조건에서 변수들에 관한 반복적인 시뮬레이션이 수행되어야 한다. 이러한 과정에서 각각의 조건에 관한 시뮬레이션 과정이 시간이 비교적 많이 소요되는 수동적인 방법으로 이루어질 경우 최적화는 불가능하다. 즉 각 설계 변수의 최적화 조건을 구하기 위하여 CAE과정에 서 자동화(automation)은 필수적일 것이다. 전산 유체 역학(computational fluid dynamics)은 지난 30여 년 동안 다양한 유체유통 및 열전달 분야에서 사용되어져 오고 있는 시뮬레이션 기술이 다. 산업분야에서 CFD에 대한 요구가 증대됨에 따라 20여 년 전부터 상업용 CFD 코드가 등장하기 시작하였으며 근래 들어서는 약 80여 종류의 상업용 CFD 코드가 자동차, 전자, 화공, 건설, 조 선, 제강과 같은 여러가지 종류의 산업분야에서 이용되어 오고 있다 하지만 상업용 CFD 코드가 고가인 이유 때문에 비교적 풍부한 예산이 확보된 대기업 및 국책 연구소 중심으로 이에 관한 사용 자 층은 매우 제한적이었다. 아울러 사용상의 난 점 때문에 CFD를 전공한 전문가 집단 위주로 사 용되어 오고 있다. 이런 측면에서 볼 때 설계 분야 에 종사하는 엔지니어들이 CFD를 이용하여 설계를 하는 데는 상당한 괴리감이 존재하게 된다. 전 통적으로 CFD와 같은 해석은 설계에 대한 타당서 검증의 목적으로 설계 사이클에서 맨 마지막에 수행되어져 왔기 때문에 CFD가 설계에 직접적인 도움을 주지 못하고 보조의 역할밖에 하지 못하는 수몽척인 도구로 여겨져 왔다. 이려한 설계 경향 은 CFD가 설계 과정에서 요구하는 시간 내에 시뮬레이션이 불가능하기 때문에 나타난 현상이다 상기에서 언급된 문제점인 시abf레이션의 시간 단 축은 설계 부서 에서 사용되는 CAD 도구와 CFD와 같은 CAE tool을 적절하게 접목함으로써 (integration) 가능할 것이다. 이후에서는 CFD의 시뮬레이션 과정을 자동화하기 위하여 고려되어 야 할 요소들에는 어떤 것들이 있는지에 관하여 알아보고자 한다.