• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2003

The chimpanzee and gorilla are classified into hominidae, catarrhini, primates. These species are originated from Africa, so called African great apes. Recently, primatologists have classified that there are 2 species 5 subspecies of the chimpanzee and gorilla, respectively. Since the human genome project has been finished, the chimpanzee genome project has been launched to understand human evolution and genetic diseases. The sequences of chimpanzee chromosome 22 homologous to human chromosome 21 were completed, and then the Y chromosome of chimpanzee is being analyzed. Comparative analysis of human, chimpanzee and gorilla could provide the key for understanding of various human diseases and human origin. By detecting human specific-functional genes or mobile genetic elements (HERV, LINE, SINE) through primate research, we could understand what is human being\ulcorner gradually, For these comparative researches, we summarized fundamental knowledge of the feature, phylogeny and evolution of African great apes including humans.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Seed morphology in the subtribe Agrimoniinae (Rosaceae) was examined using scanning electron microscopy to identify distinct characters and evaluate their evolution in a phylogenetic framework for five genera in the subtribe: Agrimonia L., Aremonia Neck. ex Nestl., Hagenia J.F. Gmel., Leucosidea Eckl. & Zeyh., and Spenceria Trimen. All genera have one or two mature achenes in a fruiting hypanthium. In the seed coats, the cell shape, size, wall features, and sculpturing vary across genera. Of most significance is the presence of papillae structures in both Agrimonia and Aremonia. Through the mapping of papillae features onto phylogenetic trees, either one or two changes in seed coats are hypothesized. The phylogenetic tree inferred from four nuclear and six chloroplast regions of sequence data suggests that at least two steps of papillae sculpturing on seed coats are required. On the other hand, in the phylogenetic tree of a low-copy nuclear gene, one independent evolutionary step is postulated to explain the current character states. In the latter hypothesis, the seed coat sculpturing also supports a monophyletic relationship for cosmopolitan Agrimonia and European endemic Aremonia. The seed coat sculpturing provides valuable information for inferring phylogenetic relationships at the generic level in the subtribe Agrimoniinae.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.11b
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• pp.127-129
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• 2007

최적조류계산(Optimal Power Flow:OPF)은 전력계통에서 여러 가지 제약 조건을 만족하면서 경제적이고 안전하게 계통을 운영하기 위한 기법이다. 종래의 계산방법에는 비선형 계획법, 선형계획법 같은 수치해석적인 방법을 사용하였다. 그러나, 이러한 방법들은 전역 최저해를 구하기 위해서는 목적함수가 convex해야 한다. 또한, 계통 규모가 클 경우, 최적해 수렴이 안 되거나 수렴이 되더라도 시간이 많이 걸리는 단점이 있다. 최근에는 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 여러 가지 진화연산기법들이 최석조류계산 문제에 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서 최근에 등장한 PSO알고리즘을 수정한 MPSO알고리즘은 이용한 최적조류계산 기법을 소개하고, 제안한 방법의 유용성을 보이기 위하여 IEEE 30,118 모선 계통의 최적 조류계산 문제에 적용하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.294-296
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• 2006

최적조류계산은 전력계통에서 여러가지 제약 조건을 만족하면서 경제적으로 계통을 운영하기 일한 기법이다. 종래의 최적조류계산 방법은 주로 선형계획법, 비선형계획법 같은 수치해석적인 방법을 사용하였다. 그러나, 이러한 방법들은 전역 최적해를 구하기 위해서는 목적함수가 convex해야 한다. 또한 계통 규모가 클 경우, 최적해 수렴이 안되거나 수렴이 되더라도 시간이 많이 걸리는 단점이 있다. 최근에는 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 여러 가지 진화연산기법들이 최적조류계산 문제에 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근에 등장한 PSO알고리즘을 이용한 최적조류계산 기법을 소개하고 테스트 계통을 대 상으로 그 적용가능성을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.300-302
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 발전기에 적용된 전력계통안정화장치(Power System Stabilizer)의 적용사례를 분석한다. 전력계통안정화장치에 적용된 알고리즘은 Lead-Lag 제어기가 있고, 현대 제어이론에 바탕을 둔 LQR, LQG, $H_{\infty}$, 슬라이딩모드 제어기, 비선형궤환제어기가 있다. 그 외에 퍼지제어기, 뉴럴 제어기, 진화연산제어기등이 있다. 이중에 전력계통안정화장치의 제어알고리즘에 대하여 대표적인 사례를 파악하고져 한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1453-1463
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• 2007

This study presents a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, by use of partial sequence of small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene from most of the major taxa(24 species) in dinoflagellates. The class Dinophyceae clade formed a strong monophyletic relationship with C. polykrikoides and several taxa. On the basis of deeper nodes, the phylogenetic relationships placed C. polykrikoides closer to the order Prorocentrales rather than to the order Gymnodiniales, which was supported by a strong bootstrap value (100%) in the analyses of Neighbor-Joining and Parsimony methods. There is strong support for C. polykrikoides being placed in the same branch as Gymnodiniaceae and being connected in a clade with Prororcentrum micans among Prorocentrales. Morphological data show that C. polykrikoides is well associated with the genus Gyrodinium; however, this species is genetically closer to Gymnodinium than to Gyrodinium. The placement of C. polykrikoides always formed an independent branch separated from other dinoflagellates. In conclusion, planktonic P. micans plays an important role as an ancestor of Gymnodinium, whereas C. polykrikoides appears to be used an intermediate position between P. micans and Gymnodinium based on evolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2019

This study was to analyze the inquiry characteristics of preservice teachers as they classify trilobites. For the study, 70 preservice teachers attending teacher training university participated. The classification tasks used in the study were 9 photos of trilobite fossils. The preservice teachers' inquiry activity was to classify the evolutionary processes of trilobites after observing trilobite fossils by group and then to construct a phylogenetic tree. The results of the study are as follows. First, preservice teachers observed the external features of the trilobites and constructed systematic classification results based on their observed contents. Second, preservice teachers classified trilobites using various classification criteria. Third, the phylogenetic tree of preservice teachers and the phylogenetic tree of scientists were very similar. The preservice teachers constructed a sphylogenetic tree based on the observation and inference of the change from a simple form to a complex form, which is a general evolution process of the trilobite fossil claimed by scientists. These results suggest that group-based inquiry activities with sufficient time are very effective and that the experience of inquiry activities is very important for preservice teachers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.650-657
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• 2020

We conducted a phylogeographic analysis of Korean endemic Zacco koreanus populations inhabiting the East-flowing river (Gangneung Yeongokcheon; GY, Yangyang Namdaecheon; YN), the Han River (Seomgang; SG, Soksacheon; SS), and the Nakdong River(Gilancheon; GA) using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene (619 bp). Population genetic analysis was further performed to assess the population connectivity for the GY river where there is a large number of human-made artificial weirs with several fishways. The phylogeographic analysis revealed that while the populations of the East-flowing river and those of the Han River formed a monophyletic lineage, the Nakdong River individuals represented a distinct lineage with 3.7-4.2% (mean=4.0%) genetic distance from the other lineages. The population genetic analysis of the GY showed that a mid-stream population harbored relatively higher mitochondrial diversity relative to up- and down-stream populations, and there was no genetic differentiation between these three populations. The latter findings might suggest high genetic connectivity between the populations via genetic flow along the fishways. However, an analysis using faster-evolving genetic markers, such as microsatellites, is needed to confirm the findings of high population connectivity. Our study suggests the possibility of the presence of cryptic species in Z. koreanus in the Nakdong River basin. However, further study with more individual samples as well as additional markers or even more advanced genomic tools is required to test our hypothesis. Ecological or phenotypic analyses should be conducted to test whether the observed Nakdong River lineage represents a different or cryptic species, or simply hidden, but excessive, intraspecific diversity.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3 s.104
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• pp.221-234
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• 2003

Phylogenetic studies would clarify the diversity of fishes if the morphological analysis based on plesimorphy characters combined with new genetic analysis on molecular level, inferring more accurate and objective phylogeny and the taxonomy. Current molecular phylogenetic approach using mitochondrial genome provides the framework for a new hypothesis not only inferring the relationships between ancestor descendants but raveling the intra-, interspecies variation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2010