• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.34-44
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• 2024

In defense and military facility projects, adjustments to contract amounts due to design changes directly or indirectly affect factors such as increased construction costs and extended construction periods. Moreover, they can lead to differences of opinion and conflicts between the military and contracting parties. This case study analyzed the integrated management of defense and military facility projects by the Gyeonggi Southern Facilities Division, which oversees projects in Seoul and the southern Gyeonggi Province region for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. Out of 388 completed projects, 103 cases with design changes were selected for analysis, aiming to ensure the reliability of data regarding the proportion of design changes in project completion. The study classified samples by the causes of design changes specified in the Ministry of Planning and Finance's contract regulations, assigning rankings based on the occurrence rates of each cause. Furthermore, it analyzed detailed factors for each cause of design change and derived implications to propose improvement measures. Considering the limited access to military primary data, this case study is expected to contribute to minimizing design changes in defense and military facility projects. Additionally, it is anticipated to be practically useful for subsequent research on contract amount adjustments resulting from design changes.

• 월간 기계설비
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• no.12 s.221
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• pp.62-64
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• 2008

현장에서는 주공정과 예산관리를 중심으로 공사진행을 하고, 공정이 90% 이상 달성되었거나 또는 잔여공기가 9개윌 정도 남아 있으면 모든 공정을 재검토하기 바란다. 우선 하청시로부터 잔여 공사에 대한 공정표를 받아, 잔여공시 1개월 전에 준공될 수 있는지 검토한다. 9개월 정도 앞서 준공기일을 검토하는 것은, 자재납기가 장기간(7개월 정도) 소요되는(플랜트 Control Panel 등) 자재의 발주여부를 검토하고, 잔여공기 내에 정상 작업으로 공기 내 준공이 불가하다고 예측될 경우, 3개월 또는 6개월 돌관작업 계획을 세우기 위함이다. 잔여공기가 3개월 정도 남아 있을 때, 시설물을 인계(Hand Over) 하기 위해 본격적인 준비를 한다. 준공이란 "계약적으로 발주자가 실제적으로 계약서에 의도된 목적으로 사용할 수 있는 상태(표준계악일반조건 48. 1)"를 말하므로, 이 점에 착안하여 발주자가 시설물을 제때에 사용하지 못함으로써 발생되는 지체보상금(Liquidated Damage)을 물지 않도록 작전을 세운다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.303-305
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• 2012

This paper presents a system called a Cash-flow based Construction Scheduling Optimization (CfSO). The existing CPM is biased on schedule and cost management. For a profitable and successful project management, the cash-flow which occurred actually by contractual conditions should be considered in the project scheduling. Therefore, this study provides a method to estimate the amount of a cash-flow occurred periodically by integrating the terms of contract into scheduling. The proposed methodology is implemented as a system prototype in Microsoft Excel. CfSO helps a site manager as a decision-maker to establish a optimized project scheduling and decide profitable contractual conditions against a construction owner.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.467-476
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• 1998

우리 나라에서 사용되고 있는 경량전철의 의미는 특정 대중교통수단을 지칭하기보다는 좀 더 폭넓은 의미로서 기존 지하철 또는 전철과 같이 대용량보다는 적으나, 도시버스나 직행버스와 같이 기존의 우리 나라에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 교통수단보다 용량이 큰 대중교통수단을 의미한다. 본 글에서는 각종 경량전철시스템들의 국내 적용 시 고려되어야 할 측면들을 분석한다. 수송용량, 비용, 운영, 시설, 이용자 측면에서 경량전철의 국내 적용가능성을 검토해 보고 현재 우리 나라에서 추진되고 있는 경량전철계획중 주요 문제점과 대처방안을 논한다. 현재 정부의 재원조달방안으로는 경량전철사업의 추진은 매우 어려울 것으로 보인다. 이들 타개하기 위해서는 먼저 중앙정부의 과감한 보조가 선행되어야 한다. 선진국과 같이 초기투자비에서 자기자본비율을 줄일 수 있도록 중앙정부와 해당지방자치단체에서 총 공사비의 최소 50% 이상을 지원하여야 한다. 외국에서의 운영사례와 시스템 평가경험에서 보더라도 기존 이국에서 운행되고 있는 대부분의 경량전철시스템들이 국내에서 요구하는 수송용량 등의 기본 요구사항을 만족할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 시스템의 선정은 시스템의 가격, 유지보수시의 국내기술적용 정도 및 국산화 등 협상시의 계약조건이 시스템이 결정에 중요한 요인이 될 것으로 보인다.

• 월간 기계설비
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• no.10 s.195
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• pp.38-48
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• 2006

정부등 공공기관에서 시행하는 건설공사 예정가격 작성시 적용되는 2006년 하반기 실적공사비 적용대상 공종 및 단가 931개(기계설비 216, 건축 335, 토목 350)가 지난 8월 14일 공표되었다. 실적공사비 단가는 재료비, 노무비, 직접공사 경비가 포함된 공종별 단가를 계약단가에서 추출하여 유사공사의 예정가격 산정에 활용하는 방식으로 공공건설공사의 예정가격 작성시 적용되고 있다. 또한 실적공사비 단가는 공공건설공사의 설계조건이 유사한 공종을 대상으로 계약단가가 설계단가 대비 ±25% 범위 내의 단가로 2006년 하반기 실적단가 설계가 대비 평균 낙찰률이 70% 수준이다. 대부분의 공공기관에서 예정가격 작성시 적용하고 있는 실적공사비 단가는 종전의 표준품셈에 의한 예정가격 작성시보다 공사예정가격이 낮게 산정되고 있다. 따라서 설비건설업계도 이를 감안하여 반드시 적정공사비를 확보할 수 있는 금액으로 입찰에 참가해야 한다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.83-107
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• 2015

Free Agent(FA) system allows a professional player to make a salary contract with the other clubs as well as the incumbent one after the player has played in one club for a fixed periods. Sometimes compared with the salary FA players performs very poorly, which leads to a debate about FA busts. We extend the model of Yang and Wang(2013) to the one with incomplete information about the productivity of the player to explain the possibility of FA busts. FA busts do not arise in the separating equilibrium where the private information is fully revealed. The FA busts do occur in the pooling equilibrium We show that the separating equilibrium does not exist. We also show that under some conditions, in particular with strong compensation rule, the unique pooling equilibrium exists.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2011

Computer technology has enhanced a new transaction between device or software not just between humans. It offers users agent-like functionality and becomes increasingly common. It's roles diverse from gathering informations to automated trading. However, the use of new technology challenges to traditional legal systems and makes issues in adjusting the legal systems. Contract with electronic agents makes some issues such as whether the contract is enforceable or what principle's responsibility about the operation of electronic agents is. This paper analysis these issues and provides some solutions. First of all, we should make a legal act or revise previous laws. It is better that new civil law establishes for electronic communications and approach the law of agency for attribution of the responsibility issue. Secondly, in practice, website such as shopping mall should provide the terms of conditions to bind a contract.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-199
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• 2010

A frequent flyer program is a loyalty program offered by many airlines. Typically, airline customers enrolled in the program accumulate frequent flyer miles corresponding to the distance flown on that airline or its partners. There are other ways to accumulate miles. In recent years, more miles were awarded for using co-branded credit and debit cards than for air travel. Acquired miles can be redeemed for free air travel; for other goods or services, such as travel class upgrades, airport lounge access or priority bookings. The first modern frequent flyer program was created Texas International Airlines in 1979. This program was also adopted in Korean Air in 1984. Since then, the mileage programs have grown enormously. As of June 2009, the total member of two national airlines in Korea had been over thirty million. However, accumulated miles could be burden of airlines, because the korean corporations should record the annual financial report the accumulate mileage on a liability account by 'the international financial report standards(IFRS)' next year. The korean airlines need to minimize the accumulated miles, so that for instance Korean Airlines SKYPASS-miles expire 5 years after being earned. It means that miles earned on or after July 2008 will expire after five years if unredeemed. Thus, this paper attempt to analyze the unfairness of the mileage rules of korean airlines by examining a specific portion of the conditions relating to consumer protection, because many mileage users has difficulties using mileage programs and complained the amendment of the mileage rules. In conclusion, the contemporary mileage rules in Korea are rather unsatisfactory, because airlines is not only recognizing a mileage into a kind of benefit but also denying inheritance of mileage and the legal nature of mileage as a property right. It is necessary to amend relevant mileage rules in view of consumer protection, because air mileage is not simple benefit but a right of mileage user.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5C
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• pp.365-375
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• 2012

LVC-G COTS SW are widely used for the military training due to several advantages. Accordingly, LVC-G COTS SW domestic developments are in demand. In this study, there are the four hypotheses in the gap between users and developers and establish the hypotheses are all correct. The first hypothesis "LVC-G associated with the COTS SW between users and developers about the requirements for the performance gap is expected.", the second hypothesis, "LVC-G associated with between users and developers for COTS SW technology gap is expected for the elements. ", the third hypothesis" LVC-G associated with the COTS SW development costs between users and developers about the expectations gap is about. ", the fourth hypothesis" LVC for COTS SW-G and related skill levels between users and developers are excited about the gap ". Every hypothesis were confirmed to be valid by interview and survey.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2001

We have performed the calculation of total radiances for the KOMPSAT-2 Multispectral Camera (MSC) using a radiative transfer model of MODTRAN and examined its results. To simulate four seasonal conditions in the model calculation, we used model atmospheres of mid-latitude winter and summer for calculations of January 15 and July 15, and US standard for April 15 and October 15, respectively. Orbital parameters of KOMPSAT-2 and the seasonal solar zenith angles were taken into account. We assumed that the meteorological range is the tropospheric aerosol extinction of 50 km and surface albedo is the global average of clear-sky albedo of 0.135. MSC contract values are found to be considerably greater in the MSC spectral range than the total radiances calculated with the above general conditions. It is also shown that the spectral behavior of model results with the constant surface albedo differs from the pattern of MSC contract values. From these results, it can be inferred that the forthcoming MSC images would be somewhat dark.