• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.103-103
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• 1993

목적: Estroge 결핍으로 나타나는 폐경기의 주요 증상을 경감 치료하기 위해, estrogen경구 투여시 위장장애, 위장에서의 대사, 간 초회효과, 자주 투여로 인한 환자의 불편 등의 단점이 있나, 이러한 점을 개선하기 위한 투여경로의 하나로 피부를 통해 일정약물을 장기간 일정속도로 송달시키는 경피 흡수 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 (EE)의 장기제어방출을 위해 ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)를 사용하여 장기 제어방출 및 경피 흡수의 최적화 조건을 설정하여 경피흡수 시스템을 위한 막의 개방을 목적으로 한다. 방법: VA 함량이 18-40％까지의 EVA를 사용하여 EE를 함유한 matrix를 casting 방법으로 제조하고 변형된 Keshary-Chien cell을 이용하여 방출실험을 실행하였다. 이때 방출에 미치는 여러 가지 인자로서 EVA 주의 VA함량, 막의 두께, receptor 중 PEG 400의 용량비율, 방출 매개체의 온도, loading 된 약물의 량 등에 대해 검토하였다. 그리고 점개한 mouse skin에 대한 투과 실험을 행하고 이에 미치는 PEG 400과 자질층의 역할을 검토하였다. 결과: EE의 용해도는 saline so PEG 400의 용량 비율이 증가함에 따라 지수 함수적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 VA 함량이 증가될수록, PEG 400의 용량비율, 방출 매개체의 온도, loading 된 약물의 양이 증가될수록 PEG 400의 용량비율, 방출 매개체의 온도, loading 된 약물의 양이 증가될수록 EE의 방출속도와 부과속도는 증가하였다. 또한 투과속도는 막두께의 역수와 직선상의 상관 관계를 보였다. 그리고 EVA matrix로부터 EE가 방출되는 양상은 diffusion-controlled model을 따랐으며 이때 단위면적당 방출된 총량은 T에 비례되었다. 절개한 mouse skin을 통한 EE의 permeation은 PEG 400의 첨가에 의해 상승되었다. 이와 같이 EVA 막이 EE의 부과 및 방출을 조절하는 것으로 보아 경피 흡수를 위해 사용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.348-348
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• 1994

니코틴은 분자량이 작고 지용성이 커서 경피투과가 매우 잘 되므로 부작용이 일어날 가능성이 크다. 그러므로 약물의 경피투과를 조절할 필요가 있다. 이 실험에서는 지속성 경피흡수제제로서 프로리포솜계를 응용한 니코틴 팻취를 설계하고자 하였다. 니코틴을 약물로, 60% egg lecithin을 인지질로, 솔비톨(105-3500m)을 담체로 선택하여 니코틴을 함유한 프로리포솜을 제조하였다. 프로리포솜이 재현성있게 잘 만들어지는지 확인하기 위해 전자현미경(SEM)으로 제조된 프로리포솜의 표면을 관찰하였고, 전자현미경(TEM)으로 프로리포솜의 수화 (hydration)과정을 관찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.299-304
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of skin surface temperature on transdermal absorption of active substances and changes in skin condition. A transdermal absorption test was conducted using an emulsion containing 10% heat-resistant niacinamide, and the same emulsion was used in a clinical trial to test the thermal effects. As a result, absorption was found to be 2 times greater at 10 minutes and 3 times greater at 15 minutes after application at $42^{\circ}C$ than that of compared to normal skin temperature. During the clinical evaluation on skin, no clinical subjects showed any specific adverse reactions, while moisture and oiliness showed statistically significant effects at higher temperatures. Based on these results, it was confirmed that thermal warmer improves the absorption of active substances and had a positive effect on skin condition. It is deemed that this study will provide a preliminary data to support the development of various beauty devices using heat.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The formidable barrier property of the stratum cornemum and the high hydrophilicity of active ingredient make it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach to its site of action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient, such as arbutin. The enhancing effects of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on the permeation of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient were evaluated by using Franz diffusion cell. The study indicated that NMP has considerable influence on the skin permeability. NMP was not only the most effective enhancer but also increased the skin permeability of arbutin approximately 1.3~1.5 fold compared with control without penetration enhancer. The lag time did not change with NMP, which suggested no effect of NMP on skin lipid fluidity. This suggest that arbutin co-permeated with NMP. The results indicate NMP is effective enhancer of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient in penetration, with potential applications for drug delivery system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

Many scientists have been interested in drug delivery system (DDS) which improves medical treatment for curing a disease. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) that is one of the DDS offers several advantages over the traditional methods. For this reason, the study of TDD has been investigated in various field. In this paper, principle of transdermal delivery and penetration enhancers into the skin including in vitro and in vivo data have been studied.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.1 s.60
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AsA) has been known as a strong reducing agent and is supposed to retard the synthesis of melanin pigment. A main problem that arose in using vitamin C in cosmetic formulation was its poor stability and low skin permeability, which result in low lightening efficacy in clinical trials. In this study, iontophoretic gel patch with flexible thin layer battery was employed in order to enhance skin permeation of vitamin c derivative (ascorbyl glucoside, AsAG) and to increase its lightening efficacy. in vitro iontophoretic skin permeation and stability of AsAG, safety and clinical lightening efficacy of iontophoretic patch containing 2% AsAG solution were examined. A optimun current of ionthophoretic patch for korean women was 0.1 mA, considering the skin permeability and skin irritation of consumers. We suggest that iontophoretic gel patch could be a safe system for enhancing the skin permeation of AsAG and lightning efficacy.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2003

점착제는 경피흡수제제(transdermal drug delivery system, TDDS)의 중요한 구성요소 중의 하나이다. TDDS용 점착제는 일반적인 점착제의 역할 외에도 부착되는 피부에 적합해야 하고, 이것에 포함되는 약물 및 첨가제들과 양립하면서 약물의 전달을 효과적으로 지속해야한다. 본 총설에서는 흔히 사용되는 TDDS용 점착제인 polyisobutylenes, polyacrylates, silicones와 최근에 개발된 제품들을 소개한다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.527-536
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• 1993

The characteristics of the controlled drug release were studied for biodegradable transdermal drug delivery system. A biodegradable polymeric matrix was prepared from chitosan, silver sulfadiazine, and glycerine. The release behavior of silver sulfadiazine from chitosan matrix was consistent with the Higuchi's diffusion controlled model. The release time was delayed by increasing the content of silver sulfadiazine and thickness of the matrix, whereas decreased as glycerine concentration increased. The apparent constant (K) of release rate was proportional to the content of drug or glycerine and the thickness of chitosan matrix. These results indicated that chitosan matrix shows some potential as a drug delivery system for transdermal therapeutic application.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.219-233
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• 2002

스테로이드성 소염진통제인 트리암시놀론 겔의 피부투과도를 향상시키기 위하여 초음파를 조사하여 약물의 투과도에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 트리암시놀론을 함유한 수용성 겔을 제조하여 물리화학적 시험을 실시하였으며 carbopol을 기제로한 겔이 우수한 제제학적 특성을 보였다. 초음파 조사가 약물의 투과도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 hairless mouse의 적출 피부에 대한 in vitro 흡수 실험을 실시하였다. 트리암시놀론 겔 음파영동군이 트리암시놀론겔 단독 처치군에 비하여 투과도가 유의적으로 향상되었다. 특히 주파수가 1MHz인 지속초음파를 고 강도로 적용시 피부투과도의 향상이 더욱 두드러졌다. 따라서 트리암시놀론 겔 도포 후 초음파를 이용한 음파영동 경피흡수가 단독의 겔 처치보다 피부투과에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.853-865
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• 2019

In this study, the skin permeability was measured by adding skin penetrating peptides, arginine oligomers R4(tetra-D-arginine), R6(hexa-D-arginine) to little skin-permeable wrinkle improvement peptides GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes, and the results were analyzed by the following six cases. (1) In cases where only wrinkle improvement peptides GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK were contained liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 6.05%, 7.4%, and 8.83% respectively. (2) In cases where arginine oligomers R4, R6 were added to GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 13.63% and 7.68%. (3) In cases where R4, R6 were added to GHK-Cu liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 15.46% and 8.64%. (4) In cases where R4, R6 were added to Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 16.9% and 10.67%. (5) In cases where R4 were added to GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 13.63%, 15.46%, and 16.9% respectively. (6) In cases where R6 were added to GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 7.68%, 8.64%, and 10.67% respectively. This experiment showed that skin absorption of GHK was increased by copper ion (Cu2+) and palmitic acid and skin absorption of wrinkle improvement peptides was enhanced by cell penetrating peptides, and R4 showed higher effect than R6 in GHK, GHK-Cu and Pal-GHK. Through this process, we propose broad use and application in wrinkle improvement functional cosmetics by presenting the optimal conditions for increasing skin absorption of GHK, GHK-Cu, thus maximizing its efficacy.