• Title/Summary/Keyword: 경쟁층

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Meteorological Element and Vegetative Structure for Sorbus commixta Hedl. Natural Populations at Ulleung Island (울릉도 마가목 천연집단의 기상인자 추정 및 식생구조)

  • 김세현;장용석;정헌관;최영철
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.158-165
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to reveal the role of meteorological elements on the habitat characteristics and vegetative structure for S. commixta natural populations at Ulleung Island. Potential Evapotranspiration(PET) by elevation of Ulleung Island was estimated using Thornthwaite's climatology estimating method. Also, Warm Index (WI), Coldness Index (CI) and vegetative composition by elevation were determined. The following results were obtained: The S. commixta trees wire mainly distributed from an elevation of 300 m to 900 m. The WI and CI were about 66.8∼95.0, -21.5∼-7.7, respectively. Water deficit by precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) mainly occurred from March to October at all elevations. But wafer deficits diminished with increased elevation. The apparent species in S. commixta natural populations at Ulleung Island were: 10 tree layer species, 17 subtree layer species, and 25 species in the shrub layer. In the tree layer, S. commixta was dominant with the highest value of 46.85, then Fagus crenate 13.43, Acer mono and Tilia amurensis 12.41 and 12.03, respectively. In the subtree layer, A. mono was dominant with the highest value of 13.16, then F. crenata 12.68, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and S. commixta 11.37 and 10.76, respectively. Dominant species and IV values in the shrub layer were Sasa borealis (22.09) and Rhododendron brachycarpum (10.51). The S. commixta natural forests were in a relatively stable rendition because of the even distribution of its various indexes: the species diversity index of Shannon, the evenness index and dominance were 0.6199∼1.1390, 0.6199∼0.8825 and 0.1852∼0.3801, respectively.

Vegetation Structure of the Paryeongsan (Mt.) Zone in Dadohaehaesang National Park (다도해해상국립공원 팔영산지구의 식생구조)

  • Kang, Hyun-Mi;Choi, Song-Hyun;Park, Seok-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.473-486
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    • 2013
  • Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for Paryeongsan Zone in the Dadohaehaesang National Park incorporated in National Park in 2011. To do so, seventy-five plots($100m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The surveyed plots were divided into six groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; (I) Quercus acutissima community, (II) Q. serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii community, (III) Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, (IV) Q. variabilis community, (V) P. rigida-Q. variabilis-P. densiflora community, (VI) Chamaecyparis obtusa community. The results of vegetation structure analysis were. I, IICommunity, were expected that the deciduous oak trees with deciduous oak trees or Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii competing with oak trees would flourish in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. III, VCommunity, were expected that the P. densiflora and P. rigida competing with oak trees would flourish in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. IVCommunity, have expanded the influence of Q. variabilis, but understory will be developed next ecological succession by a high percentage of Machilus thunbergii in frequency of warm-temperate trees. VI Community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community were expected continue. This Chamaecyparis obtusa community is picked thinning Chamaecyparis obtusa as moving purpose of National Park, it will be inducement a plant vegetation succession to the natural forest. Frequency of warm-temperate trees in the Paryeongsan Zone of warm temperate climate zone was a total 9 species, Machilus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Elaeagnus macrophylla, etc.

Isotherm, Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Competitive for Adsorption of Brilliant Green and Quinoline Yellow Dyes by Activated Carbon (활성탄에 의한 Brilliant Green과 Quinoline Yellow 염료의 흡착에 대한 등온선, 동력학, 열역학 및 경쟁흡착)

  • Lee, Jong Jib
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.565-573
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    • 2021
  • Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic properties for adsorption of Brilliant Green(BG), Quinoline Yellow(QY) dyes by activated carbon were carried out using variables such as dose of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and competitive. BG showed the highest adsorption rate of 92.4% at pH 11, and QY was adsorbed at 90.9% at pH 3. BG was in good agreement with the Freundlich isothermal model, and QY was well matched with Langmuir model. The separation coefficients of isotherm model indicated that these dyes could be effectively treated by activated carbon. Estimated adsorption energy by Temkin isotherm model indicated that the adsorption of BG and QY by activated carbon is a physical adsorption. The kinetic experimental results showed that the pseudo second order model had a better fit than the pseudo first order model with a smaller in the equilibrium adsorption amount. It was confirmed that surface diffusion was a rate controlling step by the intraparticle diffusion model. The activation energy and enthalpy change of the adsorption process indicated that the adsorption process was a relatively easy endothermic reaction. The entropy change indicated that the disorder of the adsorption system increased as the adsorption of BG and QY dyes to activated carbon proceeded. Gibbs free energy was found that the adsorption reaction became more spontaneous with increasing temperature. As a result of competitive adsorption of the mixed solution, it was found that QY was disturbed by BG and the adsorption reduced.

Passion + Innovation + Marketing = A Successful New Market Development 『A Case of Pulmuone Fresh Ramen, 'Jayeonun Masitda'』 (열정 + 혁신 + 마케팅 = 신시장 창출 『풀무원 '자연은 맛있다'의 생라면 시장 개척 사례』)

  • Chu, Kyounghee;Lee, Doo-Hee;Park, Seong Yeon;Yoo, Shijin
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.233-248
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    • 2011
  • This case illustrates a story of passionate and innovative new market development by Pulmuone, a fresh food provider in Korea. The company has been successfully developing a new market by introducing a (non-frying) fresh ramen, 'Jayeonun Masitda - The Nature Is Tasty' in the packaged ramen market dominated by fried ones. In this case, a detailed new market development process by Pulmuone will be investigated including; company overview, a new product development process, marketing strategy formulation, marketing mix implementation, market performance, and future directions. Pulmuone has been making efforts to create a new product category by marketing non-frying ramens since 1995, but with a modest success. In 2011, Pulmuone finally succeeded to develop an innovative product, 'Jayeonun Masitda' that brought more health and nutrition conscious consumers' attention in the ramen market. The company intended to change the current competitive structure in the ramen market, i.e., from the strength of taste and the amount of ingredient to fried/non-fried and the freshness of ingredient. By this new positioning, Pulmuone aimed to reshaping the ramen market into competition between healthy and unhealthy ramens. Pulmuone has been successful in developing a new market. Sales revenue of 'Jayeonun Masitda' has been continuously increasing, and customers are found to be highly satisfied with the product resulting in a high repeat purchase rate. The company's successful new market development can be attributed to a faithful new product development process, innovative technology, an appropriate positioning strategy, and consistent marketing communication. In addition, Pulmuone's eco-friendly corporate image and the organization's passion to grow are also important factors for success of this new market development.

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Characteristics of Vegetation Structure of Burned Area in Mt. Geombong, Samcheok-si, Kangwon-do (강원도 삼척 검봉산 일대 산불 피해복원지 식생 구조 특성)

  • Sung, Jung Won;Shim, Yun Jin;Lee, Kyeong Cheol;Kweon, Hyeong keun;Kang, Won Seok;Chung, You Kyung;Lee, Chae Rim;Byun, Se Min
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2022
  • In 2000, a total of 23,794ha of forest was lost due to the East Coast forest fire, and about 70% of the damaged area was concentrated in Samcheok. In 2001, artificial restoration and natural restoration were implemented in the damaged area. This study was conducted to understand the current vegetation structure 21 years after the restoration of forest fire damage in the Samcheok, Gumbong Mountain area. As a result of classifying the vegetation community, it was divided into three communities: Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, and Pinus thunbergii community. Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, and Pinus thunbergii planted in the artificial restoration site were found to continue to grow as dominant species in the local vegetation after restoration. As for the species diversity index of the community, the Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora community dominated by deciduous broad-leaf trees showed the highest, and the coniferous forest Pinus thunbergii community showed the lowest. Vegetation in areas affected by forest fires is greatly affected by reforestation tree species, and 21 years later, it has shown a tendency to recover to the forest type before forest fire. In order to establish DataBase for effective restoration and to prepare monitoring data, it is necessary to construct data through continuous vegetation survey on the areas affected by forest fires.

Fin의 두께와 높이 변화에 따른 22 nm FinFET Flash Memory에서의 전기적 특성

  • Seo, Seong-Eun;Kim, Tae-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.08a
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    • pp.329-329
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    • 2012
  • Mobile 기기로 둘러싸여있는 현대의 환경에서 Flash memory에 대한 중요성은 날로 더해가고 있다. Flash memory의 가격 경쟁력 강화와 사용되는 기기의 소형화를 위해 flash memory의 비례축소가 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 그러나 다결정 실리콘을 플로팅 게이트로 이용하는planar flash memory 소자의 경우 비례 축소 시 short channel effect 와 leakage current, subthreshold swing의 증가로 인한 성능저하와 같은 문제들로 인해 한계에 다다르고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 CTF 메모리 소자, nanowire FET, FinFET과 같은 새로운 구조를 가지는 메모리소자에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 22 nm 게이트 크기의 FinFET 구조를 가지는 플래시 메모리소자에서 fin의 두께와 높이의 변화에 따른 메모리 소자의 전기적 특성을 3-dimensional 구조에서 technology computer aided design ( TCAD ) tool을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 본 연구에서는 3D FinFET 구조를 가진 플래시 메모리에 대한 시뮬레이션 하였다. FinFET 구조에서 채널영역은 planar 구조와 다르게 표면층이 multi-orientation을 가지므로 본 계산에서는 multi-orientation Lombardi mobility model을 이용하여 계산하였다. 계산에 사용된 FinFET flash memory 구조는 substrate의 도핑농도는 $1{\times}10^{18}$로 하였으며 source, drain, gate의 도핑농도는 $1{\times}10^{20}$으로 설정하여 계산하였다. Fin 높이는 28 nm로 고정한 상태에서 fin의 두께는 12 nm부터 28nm까지 6단계로 나누어서 각 구조에 대한 프로그램 특성과 전기적 특성을 관찰 하였다. 계산결과 FinFET 구조의 fin 두께가 두꺼워 질수록 채널형성이 늦어져 threshold voltage 값이 커지게 되고 subthreshold swing 값 또한 증가하여 전기적 특성이 나빠짐을 확인하였다. 각 구조에서의 전기장과 전기적 위치에너지의 분포가 fin의 두께에 따라 달라지므로써 이로 인해 프로그램 특성과 전기적 특성이 변화함을 확인하였다.

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은퇴예정자의 사회적자본과 지적자본이 창업의지에 미치는 영향

  • Gil, Dae-Ho;Jeong, Hwa-Yeong;Kim, Myeong-Suk
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2017.04a
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    • pp.34-34
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 현재 사회적으로 은퇴 또는 명퇴가 보편화 되는 관점에서 과거 은퇴예정자들은 은퇴 후 창업계획에 대해 내재된 기술과 노하우가 있어도 상당수 창업성과로 이어지지 못하고 있으며, 창업의지가 있어도 기술창업과 연계되지 못하고 소상공인 위주의 생계형 창업이 보편화 되어왔다. 은퇴자들의 준비되지 못한 자영업창업은 자영업자들의 상황을 갈수록 어려워지게 하고 있다. 경기침체에 따른 내수부진과 대기업의 골목상권 진출확대 등으로 영세자영업부진은 자영업자 가구의 상대적 빈곤율이 갈수록 높아지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 노후대책이 미흡한 베이비부머들이 자영업에 나서지만 대부분이 실패를 하고 있으며, 55세 이상 자영업가구 10가구 중 3가구 이상이 빈곤층에 속해 우리 경제의 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 이처럼, 장기간 내재된 직장, 단체에서의 사회적자본이나 지적자본을 활용하지 못하고 어쩔 수 없는 자영업 소상공인 위주의 창업은 결국 과다출혈경쟁과 차별적 사업전략 없이 또 다른 사회문제점으로 발현되어 사회적문제와 미래에 지불해야할 또 다른 문제요소로 자라잡고 있는 현실이다. 이런 측면에서 은퇴예정자의 창업은 창업자가 잘 할 수 있고 고객니즈의 문제점에서 아이디어를 얻고 해결할 수 있는 기술창업이 대안이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 문제적 접근을 좀 더 면밀히 분석하고자 현재 직장인들 가운데 은퇴예정자들을 대상으로 그들이 그동안 직장생활하면서 얻게 된 시회적자본과 지적자본이 기업가정신을 매개로하여 창업의지에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다.

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A Development of Product Design for Launching in New Market - inkel Car Navigation (WideTouch) - (Car Navigation 신시장 진출을 위한 제품디자인 개발사례 연구 - 인켈 와이드터치(WideTouch) -)

  • Seo, Hong-Seok
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.9 no.spc3
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    • pp.225-234
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    • 2006
  • Car Navigation market is rapidly emerging in Korea recently. And it adds the multiple functions which are various traffic and travel information, DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) TV, game, movie and music. It is evolving as a killer application device of Car Infotainment (Information & Entertainment). On the other hand, the technical barrier which is pushing into the market is low and the competition is intense in process of time. In the market situation, the design differentiation is embossed with important element. In this case study, focused on inkel which specialized in Audio/Video launching into the Car Navigation market with the new brand 'WideTouch', we tried to provide successful product design strategy based on proactive research on the market for the design differentiation through the target segmentation of the new generation, middle-aged and a woman consumer.

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High Performance Electrode of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Prepared by Direct Screen Printing Process (직접 스크린 프린팅법으로 제조된 고분자 전해질 연료전지의 고성능 전극)

  • 임재욱;최대규;류호진
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.65-69
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    • 2004
  • Screen printing it one of the most popular methods for the fabrication of catalytic layer in electrode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to its convenience and adaptability. This paper suggests an improved screen-printing method, which is rather simple suppressing the swelling trouble without additive process and competitive with very low Pt loading in comparison with the previous methods. Particularly, the gasket unified MEA made better performances than the other especially at high current area due to blocking effect on the gas leakage during the operation. These methods give us more simplified and faster fabrication chances.

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A study on GIS based management of the marine exploration data (GIS기반의 해양탐사자료 관리 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Moo-Jun;Kim, Kye-Hyun;Song, Hyun-Oh;Yu, Hae-Su
    • Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.105-109
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    • 2010
  • 전 세계적으로 육상자원의 고갈로 해양광물을 개발하고 이를 경제적으로 활용하려는 움직임이 점점 증가하고 있다. 이에 우리나라도 한반도 주변 해역의 해양광물자원을 확보하기 위한 탐사와 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 특히 우리나라는 삼면이 바다로 둘러싸인 지형학적 특정으로 주변국과의 자원경쟁이 불가피하여 전략적 체계적 탐사자료의 관리와 이를 활용하기 위한 방안이 필요하다. 하지만 탐사 분야가 다양하고 그에 따른 데이터가 상이하여 관리에 어려움이 있다. 현재 국내에서 해양자원에 대한 정밀탐사가 이루어지고 과학적인 정보제공이 요구됨에 따라 해양광물자원정보시스템이 구축 운영되고 있지만 몇 가지 제약점이 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이를 보완하기 위해 특히 시추 퇴적물 탐사 분야에 있어 GIS기반의 표출 가능한 대상항목을 분류하였고, 데이터베이스 구축을 위한 모델링을 진행하였다. 이는 위치기반의 분석결과 자료를 제시할 수 있도록 하였다 본 연구는 해저 퇴적층에 분야의 과학적 정보 제공을 위한 기반을 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다. 또한, 한반도 주변에 해양광물자원의 부존 가능 지역을 파악하는데 있어 과학적 정보를 지원하고 나아가 광물자원의 매장량 추정이나 경제성 평가를 위한 정보제공의 기반이 될 것으로 사료된다. 향후 연구에서는 시추퇴적물의 깊이에 따른 데이터베이스 관리 방안과 더불어 3차원 정보 제공에 대한 연구와 모델링 결과를 통해 실제 데이터에이스 구축이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

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